method where structure floors are constructed sequentially from the lowest level of
basement to the top of the super-structure. This conventional method, called the
bottom-up method, is simple in both design and construction, but it is not feasible
for large structures with limited time for construction, site constraints, deep
excavation, land with higher saturated soils and loose soils. In the Top down
method, the permanent structure is built from top to bottom of the basement along
with the excavation. Top down construction is an advanced method and is mainly
used for the structures like Metro Stations. In this method, basement concrete
slabs act as lateral bracing for the perimeter wall system. Ground level and
subsequent basement slabs are poured, with access holes left to allow excavation
beneath. As each subsequent sub grade level is completed, the floors act as
lateral bracing for the perimeter wall system. Perimeter wall which is generally
referred to as Diaphragm wall (or D wall) is a single, safe solution for all the
constructional problems encountered in underground construction. D walls provide
effective earth retention and good control over ground water movement. It’s
capable of carrying the superstructure loads, providing early utilization of the
superstructure even before the completion of substructure of that building.
Distance between boundary wall of adjacent existing building and building
line for new building is too close and the depth of excavation is more than
6 meter and possibility of collapse the soil is higher during excavation.
Using Top Down Construction more Building and Basement Area can use.
Suitable for two or more Basement.
The first slab level slab will act in such area as a strut member and the
Retaining wall panels will not allow collapse of soil.
Water table is too high and difficult to cast Retaining wall , Diaphragm wall
or continuous pile can use as a Retaining wall.
Top Down Building construction
Bore Cast in situ piles to be cast and dowels bar to be kept for
retaining wall panels. The center of piles and retaining wall panels
center line to be kept in same line. The Diameter of piles preferred
600 mm. Distance between two piles center to center preferred3.33
m [Suit for C/C distance of column] Depth of piles to be confirmed
by structural constrains.
Step 2: Ground Floor slab is cast atop the piles and perimeter
walls.