Chap 1 Draft Dati Chap 1 3 Draft Na Ngayon

University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Las Piñas
THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD SUGAR

LEVEL OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS
A Thesis Proposal presented to the Faculty

Of the Senior High School Department
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for General Biology I
Bauzon, Rea Beatriz A.

Boricano, Kylla Shane T.
Buenaventura, Jan Lance C.
Calingao, Beaver John M.
De Castro, Bea Patrice R.
De Dios, Marie Jan Louise C.
De Ocampo, John Martin A.
Dela Cruz Jr., Ruel B.
Senior High School Department
Las Pinas City
March 2018
APPROVAL SHEET
This study entitled, “THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY MASS INDEX

AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS” prepared
and submitted by Bea Patrice R. De Castro, Kylla Boricano, Rhea Beatriz
Bauzon, Jan Lance Buenaventura, Beaver Calingao, Marie Jan De Dios, John
Martin De Ocampo and Ruel Dela Cruz Jr. in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the subject Practical Research 2 has been examined and
recommended for acceptance and approval for oral defense.
MRS. MARIA CARINA PONTANAR

Thesis Adviser
PANEL MEMBERS:
______________________________
Member
______________________________
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for t

he subject of Research: Qualitative 2.
MS. SHEILA D. TANDOC

English Learning Area Coordinator
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 4
I. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 5
Statement of the problem 7
Objectives 8
Hypothesis of the Study 8
Significance of the study 8
Scope and limitation 9
Conceptual framework 10
Definition of terms 11
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Synthesis 29
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 32
Research locale 32
Sampling Technique 33
Data gathering procedure 34
Data gathering tool 34
Data Analysis Plan 35
References 36
Curriculum Vitae of Researchers 43
Letter of Agreement 51
Information Sheet 52
Certification of Legitimacy 53
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Las Piñas 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers wish to express their deepest gratitude to the special people
who extended their assistance for the success of this study.
First of all, we would like to thank The Almighty God who is the source of
life and strength. Thank God for the guidance, knowledge and wisdom that we
need for the success of this study.
Our special thanks to our adviser, Mrs. Marry Grace Mabao who continues to
give us her valuable feedback and constructive advice throughout our work.
Thank you for always there supporting us, giving us the right direction and
providing us brilliant insights, especially for giving us a great idea for our title.
To Mrs. Maria Carina Pontanar, our Research teacher, thank you for the
guidance throughout the making of this study. For your genuine apprehension,
encouragement, patient and whose expertise and knowledge was generously
shared.
To our family who never failed to show their full support and unending love
throughout the study and our journey as students. Thank you for the substantial
sacrifices that you’ve made for the possibility of this research. We truly adore
your efforts for the completion of this study.
To our classmates and friends who are always there willing to share their
comments and knowledge about our study and never hesitate to extend their hands
for help.
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Obesity is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat
(Pruthi, 2015). For the past years, it is evident that childhood obesity has
more than doubled in children and quadrupled among adolescents (Lui,
2016). According to Philippine Council for Health Research and
Development, the number of obese children and adolescents has been on the
rise in the Philippines and the rest of the world over the last decade. Results
of nutritional surveys among Filipinos reveal slow but steady increasing rates
of childhood overweight and obesity cases. The 2011 Global School-based
Health Survey also indicated that about 13% of adolescents in the Philippines
are overweight and obese (Gloor, 2015). Excess weight is a growing public
health concern; even in a developing country like ours. That is why, the
Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and Obesity (PASOO),
has been campaigning actively in the past few years, for Filipinos to eat a
healthy diet and exercise regularly in order to avoid becoming overweight
and developing obesity. And obesity is so threatening to cardiovascular
health that the American Heart Association has named it one of
the major risks for heart disease (Reyes, 2015).
According to Ogden (2017), there are several factors that may contribute
to weight gain among youth which include genes, eating habits, physical
inactivity, TV, computer, phone, and other screen time, sleep habits, medical
6
conditions or medications, and where and how people live, including their
access to healthy foods and safe places to be active. Technology is very
efficient to our daily lives thus it is inevitable for everyone to use gadgets,
particularly cellular phones. Almost all teenagers have their own mobile
phones that they can use from time to time. Everything could be found in just
a touch – knowledge and entertainment. This capability frequently leads to
inactivity of teenagers to physical activities.
According to Dudovskiy (2017), obesity makes the onset of non-insulin
dependent or type 2 diabetes far more likely. In fact, 80-90 percent of all
people diagnosed with this condition are obese.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is the tool most commonly used to estimate and
screen for overweight and obesity in adults and children. BMI is defined as
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. For most people,
BMI is related to the amount of fat in their bodies, which can raise the risk of
many health problems. But children grow at different rates at different times,
so it is not always easy to tell if a child is overweight. The CDC BMI growth
charts are used to compare a child’s BMI with other children of the same sex
and age. It is important that a child’s health care provider evaluates a child’s
BMI, growth, and potential health risks due to excess body weight.
The human body needs energy in order to perform different tasks
effectively. The energy used by the body is provided by the nutrients in the
food that a person eats. Food contains complex carbohydrates that are broken
down into simple sugars such as glucose (Ramos & Ramos, 2017). According
7
to Ware (2016), diabetes is described as a group of metabolic diseases in
which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar). There are different
kinds of tests in determining an individual’s sugar level.
 Random plasma glucose test – a blood sample for a random plasma
glucose test can be taken at any time. This doesn’t require as much
planning and is therefore used in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
when time is of the essence.
 Fasting plasma glucose test – fasting plasma glucose test is taken after
at least eight hours of fasting and is therefore usually taken in the
morning.
The given data encouraged the researchers to determine the relationship
between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood sugar level among grade 12
STEM students of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Las
Piñas Campus.
Statement of the Problem
Generally, the study aims to show the relationship between Body Mass
Index (BMI) and Blood Sugar level among grade 12 STEM students of the
UPHSD.
Specifically, the study will sought to answer the following questions:
1. Demographic Profile:
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Body Mass Index
BMI – Body Mass Index

BGL – Blood Glucose Level
8
d. Blodd Glucose Level
2. What is the average BMI of the grade 12 STEM students?
3. What is the average blood sugar level of grade 12 STEM students?
4. What gender classification has a higher BMI?
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this research are:
1. To show whether the blood sugar level has an effect on the BMI of the
grade 12 STEM students.
2. To know the significant relationship between BMI and blood sugar level.
3. To know which gender classification has a higher BMI.
4. To spread awareness regarding obesity and diabetes.
Hypothesis of the Study
The researchers believe that there no significant relationship between Body
Mass Index (BMI) and blood sugar level among grade 12 STEM students of
UPHSD.
Significance of the Study
The overview of this present study would be a great contribution to the
awareness of the teenagers to their body mass index and blood sugar level. The
outcomes of this investigation could be highly significant and beneficial
specifically to the following:

Teenagers. This study will benefit teenagers as it can help them to have
awareness about their body mass index and blood sugar level. Being aware
might be sufficient to prevent obesity among teenagers.
Parents. This study can help parents to let them know about the body mass
index and blood sugar level of their children. Parents must urge their children
to eat more healthy foods rather than eating junk foods that are bad in health.
Moreover, parents should establish healthy eating habits as this can influence
their children to live in a healthy manner. Thereby, parents shall lead an
exemplary life which can reap benefits from lifetime such making their
children free from obesity or diabetes and live longer.
Doctors/Experts. This study will be useful to doctors or experts to find out
the effect of one’s blood sugar level to their body mass index. Through this
study, the doctors could give out advices and precautions to their patients
about diabetes and obesity.
Future Researchers. This study could of use by other students or researchers
as their references regarding blood sugar level and body mass index.
Scope and Limitations
This research focuses on showing the relationship between body mass index to
blood sugar level among grade 12 STEM students of the University of Perpetual
Help system DALTA – Las Piñas campus. This study will only make available to
30 out of 837 grade 12 STEM students as respondents because of the researchers’
financial capability and the availability of the glucose strips. The respondents will
10
undergo physical assessment for the calculation of the BMI. The respondents will
not be manipulated in terms of their daily lifestyle thus, the researchers will use
random blood sugar level test in the study. The respondents must not be under
medications, pregnant or breast feeding, undergoes body building programs and
must not have diabetes.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS
Respondents' profile: - Information sheet for the OUTPUT
- Age determination of BMI and The relationship
BGL between BMI and
- Gender - Random Blood Glucose BGL among grade 12
- BMI Test
STEM students
- BGL - BMI test
Fig. 1 The Conceptual framework of the study regarding the relationship of

Body Mass Index and Blood sugar level of grade 12 STEM Students.
The conceptual framework shows how the researchers will give answer to the
research problem. The diagram presents that the researchers aim to present the
relationship between body mass index and blood sugar level. Right after the
presentation of the problem is the process which illustrates the specific data
needed for the research findings. The body mass index and blood sugar level of
the chosen 30 grade 12 STEM students are the data that is intended to be gathered
for the fulfilment of the findings. After being able to gather the data required, the
planned techniques and treatments will be performed by the researchers that will
eventually result to the relationship of body mass index and blood sugar level of
grade 12 STEM students.
Definition of Terms
Obesity – A condition wherein the body has accumulated too much body fat.
A person is considered obeseif they are more than 20 percent over their ideal
weight.
Diabetes – A disease that is characterized by increased level of sugars in the
blood. It is either due to lack of insulin in the body or lack of response
produced by the body.
Blood sugar level – The amount of glucose (sugar) in the body. The normal
blood sugar level should be between 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L. Blood glucose meter
is a small, portable machine that is used to measure how much glucose is in
the blood.
Body Mass Index – The measurement of a person’s weight with respect to
his/ her height. It is an indicator of a person’s total body fat. A BMI chart is
used to categorize if a person is underweight, normal, overweight or obese.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes related literature and studies which aids the researchers
to further understand and achieve the goals of the study.
Related Literature
Body Mass Index

Childhood obesity statistics according to the world survey statistics, childhood
obesity has dramatically multiplied in kids and quadrupled in teenagers in the
previous 30 years. The rate of youngsters aged 6-11 years in the United States
who were obese expanded from 7% in 1980 to about 18% in 2012. In 2012, more
than 33% of kids and youths were overweight or obese (Border, 2017).
According to an article published at http://www.imedpub.com last
October 17, 2017 by Parwanto & Senjaya stated that depression and obesity
have been recognized as major public health issues in youths. Survey records
have been reported saying that child obesity gives rise to depression among
children. The symptoms include loss of interest in children in their activities,
less sleep, unsocial behaviour, less confidence, etc. These symptoms have to
be taken into care by the parents by carrying their children to a good
physician who can start therapies against obesity as well as depression.
Depression and obesity are two very challenging health issues, and
scientists continue to explore the complicated physical and psychological
links between them. It is hardly surprising the two occur together. People
affected by obesity are often self-conscious about their appearance or their

13
physical abilities. Although they have traditionally been compartmentalized
as separate physical and emotional health conditions, evidence suggests
interactions and common pathways between them, implying that successful
treatment should ideally target shared underlying mechanisms.
Body Mass Index is a simple, inexpensive and non invasive surrogate
measure of body fat. BMI is a reasonable indicator of body fat for both adults
and children. The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass
(muscle, fat, and bone) in an individual, and then categorize that person as
underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on that value
(Copeland, 2017). The standard BMI chart for children was posted by Susan
Way (2017) via susanshealthyway.com is shown below:
Obesity is a widespread public health concern that affects adults and children
alike. According to Bhatt (2017), childhood obesity is a serious medical condition

that occurs when a children is above normal weight for his age and height. It has
been linked to increased risk for diseases such as: cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, stroke, certain cancers later in life, Child and adolescent obesity also
increases the risk of social stigmatization, depression among youth. Among
children aged 6-11 years, rates of obesity climbed from 7% in 1980 to 18% in
2010. This same trend is seen among 12-19 year olds where obesity rates rose
from 5% to 18% during the same time period.
Blood Glucose Test
Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from
the food you eat, and is your body’s main source of energy. Your blood carries
glucose to all of your body’s cells to use for energy (Joshi, 2014). A blood
glucose test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your
blood (Nandi, 2017). Keeping an eye on blood sugar levels has many benefits.
Testing your blood sugar levels before and after meals helps you see how eating
certain food affects those levels. Knowing this can help you adjust your food
choices and medicine doses (Chen, 2015). According to Sonora (2017), the blood
glucose test may be used to detect high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and low
blood glucose (14anadian1414mia).
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) level
(Stoppler, 2016). Hyperglycemia is a hallmark sign of diabetes (both type 1
diabetes and type 2 diabetes) and prediabetes.

According to Shiel (2017), Hypoglycemia is the medical term for low blood
sugar. It typically occurs as a side effect of medications for diabetes.
There are different kinds of blood tests that can diagnose hyperglycemia and
hypoglycaemia (Stoppler 2016).
Random blood glucose. This test reflects the blood sugar level at a given
point in time. Normal values are generally between 70 and 125 mg/dL, as
discussed earlier.
Fasting blood glucose. This is a measurement of blood sugar level taken
in the early morning prior to eating or drinking anything since the night
before. Normal fasting blood glucose levels are less than 100 mg/dL.
Levels above 100 mg/dL up to 125 mg/dL suggest prediabetes, while
levels of 126 mg/dL or above are diagnostic of diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test. This is a test that measures blood glucose
levels at given time points after a dose of sugar is consumed. This test is
most commonly used to diagnose gestational diabetes.
Glycohemoglobin A1c. is a measurement of glucose that is bound to red
blood cells and provides an indication about blood sugar levels over the
past 2 to 3 months.
A chart depicting the normal range of glucose level of children and teens
posted via www.webmd.com and reviewed by Dr. Michael Dansinger (2016)
is shown below.
Statistics showed that obesity is a globally wide problem among teenagers
that can be associated with several diseases, particularly diabetes. Obesity can be
determined by the use of BMI percentile categories using growth charts. 85th-95th
percentile are classified as overweight, 95th percentile are classified as obese.
Main cause for childhood obesity includes irregular eating habits, lack of physical
activities, etc. There are several associated effects also like cholesterol problem,
blood pressure, diabetes, etc (Bhatt, 2017). Obesity makes the onset of non-insulin
dependent or type 2 diabetes far more likely (Dudovskiy, 2017). In fact, 80-90
percent of all people diagnosed with this condition are obese. According to
Pietrangelo & Sarachik. (2016), they stated that an important part of diabetes
management is controlling your blood glucose (sugar) levels.

17
Related Studies
The relationship between casual blood sugar and body mass index in a
suburban northern Nigerian population, a study that was elaborated and tested
by Bakari et al. (2007) used a prospective survey of adults aged 55 years or
younger who gave informed consent, in two communities (Makarfi and
Giwa) near Zaria, in the northern part of Nigeria was done. The Body Mass
Index (BMI) and casual blood sugar using capillary blood assessed with the
Ames glucometer were determined for all the subjects. Students t-test was
used to compare continuous variables while Pearson’s correlation coefficient
was used for continuous variables; the level of significance was p < 0.05 in
each case. Three-hundred and seventeen subjects participated in the study.
The mean age of the subjects was 35.03 +/- 9.79 years (33.0 +/- 9.64 among
females and 36.18 +/- 9.59 among males p = 0.1007). They concluded that
the female subjects had significantly higher BMI than their male counter
parts, (26.61 +/- 7.19 KgM2 versus 24.01 +/- 5.39, KgM2 p = 0.0341.)
Casual blood sugar levels were however similar between males and females
85.21 +/-27.04 mg/dl versus 85.88 +/- 14.74 mg/dl, p = 0.8868. There was a
positive but non-significant correlation between casual blood sugar and BMI
among female subjects (r = +0.1520, p > 0.05) in the males however, the
correlation between these variables was not significant (r = -0.0395, p > 0.5).
According to Innocent et al. (2013), stated that BMI and BGL were
positively correlated among the 253 subjects who participated in their study.
The research title was Correlation between body mass index and blood
glucose levels among some Nigerian undergraduates. The relationship was
positively and strongly correlated among the female subjects. These
differences in gender values may be because the male undergraduates have
been linked to increased muscular activities unlike the female counterpart
who are more sedentary. Muscular activities result in the activation of the
peptide hormone adiponectin that causes the cascade activation of AMPK to
inhibit the acetyl COA carboxylase (ACC) from synthesizing malonyl- CoA
for fatty acid biosynthesis in hepatocytes. AMPK once activated also
increases the uptake of glucose and fatty acid from the blood myocytes into
the hepatocytes for metabolism
An article from http://www.saudijobesity.com entitled “Obesity among
adult Nigerians: Relationship with blood pressure, blood sugar, and
proteinuria” which is posted at year 2016 discusses about the majority of data
on the association between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk are from
studies conducted in western countries with majority of studies being from
Nigeria focusing on prevalence in selected populations. The aim of this study
was to determine the relationship between obesity and blood pressure (BP),
blood sugar, and proteinuria. This was a community-based, cross-sectional
study of 526 adults aged 18 years and older in three local government areas in
Lagos. Obesity was assessed using the body mass index (BMI). BP, blood
glucose (BG), and presence of proteinuria were determined. Obesity was
defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, elevated blood pressure (EBP) as a systolic
blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90

mmHg, elevated blood glucose (EBG) as a random blood glucose
(RBG) ≥ 200 mg/dL, and proteinuria as ≥2+ proteinuria on urinalysis
(≥100 mg/dL). Bello et al. (2016) have concluded that obesity is common
among adult Nigerians residing in Lagos. Its prevalence is higher in females
and increases with age. It is associated with an increased risk of having EBG
and proteinuria.
A study conducted by Dahi et al. (2017) stated that the prevalence of
overweight and obesity are high among adolescents in Tabuk region
particularly among those with family history of obesity, diabetes and those
intake soft drink frequently. Screening for obesity at school entry and
providing health education sessions for students about diet and exercise are
highly recommended. Their study was entitled Adolescents’ overweight and
obesity among Alabnaa schools in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia wherein the cross-
sectional study was conducted among the students of Alabnaa school, Tabuk,
KSA in 2015–2016. Self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the
investigators in Arabic language, it included gender, age, some relevant
factors regarding obesity. Weight, height were measured, and body mass
index was calculated. Childhood growth chart was used to classify the degree
of overweight and obesity. Data was managed using SPSS version 21. The
study yield to the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students were
11.4% and 14.9% respectively. Prevalence of obesity among male students
was 12.5% compared to 16.9% among female students (statistically
significant). Students whose mothers were highly educated, with family

history of (obesity and diabetes), intaking soft drinks were more obese than
their counterparts.
Another study conducted by Bakari, A.G. et al. (2007) is about the
Obesity, overweight and under weight in suburban northern Nigeria. Based
on their research, obesity tends to occur more commonly among females than
males.
According to American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
the problem of childhood obesity in the United States has grown considerably
in recent years. Approximately 12.7 million, or 17 percent, of children and
adolescents are obese. Obesity is among the easiest medical conditions to
recognize but most difficult to treat. Unhealthy weight gain due to poor diet
and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year. The
annual cost to society for obesity is estimated at nearly $100 billion.
Overweight children are much more likely to become overweight adults
unless they adopt and maintain healthier patterns of eating and exercise
(Tidy, 2016).
A study was done by Etukumana et al. (2017) entitled Relationship
Between Random Blood Glucose Levels and Body Mass Index Among Rural
Adults In North Central Nigeria concluded that there is no relationship
between the levels of random blood glucose and Body Mass Index among the
rural adult in the north central Nigeria. It seems BMI would not be a good
predictor of Diabetes Mellitus among rural adults.

Another study conducted by Deepak, Praveen & Vittal (2010), about the
relationship of BMI and Fasting Blood Sugar. This study showed that using
400 healthy adult individuals who met the inclusion criteria, where in fasting
blood samples were collected to measure FBS by the glucose oxidase method
and thirty individuals were excluded from the study, as their blood glucose
levels were in the diabetic range, there is an observed positive correlation
between BMI and FBS reiterates the diabetogenic effect of adipose tissue and
emphasizes the importance of the maintenance of normal BMI to prevent the
early onset of diabetes.
A study conducted by Aliyu et al. (2014) about the relationship between
random blood sugar and body mass index in an African population resulted that
BMI is higher among females in the community and correlates with random blood
glucose levels. Concerted efforts need to be made to address the issue of weight in
this community within the framework of what is culturally acceptable. They also
noted that racial factors seem to be important in the relationship between body
mass index (BMI) and glucose intolerance. They used Three-hundred and
seventeen subjects participated in the study. Mean age of subjects was 35.0 + 9.8
years (33.0 + 9.6 among females and 36.2 + 9.6 among males p= 0.1007).
Agrawal et. al (2017) conducted a study entitled “Correlation Between Body
Mass Index and Blood Glucose Levels in Jharkhand Population”. According to
them, the overweight and obese adults were 937 million and 396 million
respectively worldwide and the figure has almost doubled in number in
comparison to past 20 years. National surveys showed that there has been a
marked decrease in under nutrition and significant increase in the prevalence of
overweight and obesity. Glucose synthesizes fatty acid that constitute body fat
content. An increase in blood glucose level will result in increase in BMI causing
increased lipid biosynthesis and hence body weight. As BMI increases, insulin
resistance also increases which results in increased blood glucose level in body.
Since body weight is associated with BMI, it may be expected that BMI should
correlate with blood glucose levels. In view of above the aim of their study is to
evaluate the association between FBG level and BMI in men and women among
Jharkhand. The currently recommended cut-offs of include 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m for
normal, 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m for overweight and >30 kg/m for obesity. In the end of
their study, they concluded that BMI and FBG are positively correlated and
subjects are therefore at risk of Obesity and its related conditions.
A study conducted by Mata (2017), a doctor of Section of
Endocrinology,Diabetes and Metabolism of the Department of Medicine, St.
Luke’s Medical Center in Quezon City aims to determine the prevalence of
metabolic syndrome and its individual components across different BMI
categories among patients seen at Wellness Center and Obesity and Weight
Management Center, St. Luke’s Medical Center Quezon City. According to
her, in Filipino adults, individual components of the metabolic syndrome and
using the Asian cut-offs for abdominal obesity are present even in individuals
with low BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 and 23-24.9 kg/m2. The presence of
abnormal metabolic features such as central obesity, high triglycerides and
low HDL levels even in patients with normal to slightly elevated BMI should
23
prompt health care providers to consider nutrition counselling and weight
management programs to these groups of individuals and not just be focus on
individuals with higher BMI.
An article posted online via www.philstar.com that was written by Reyes
(2015) stated that, excess weight is a growing public health concern; even in
a developing country like ours; and obesity is so threatening to cardiovascular
health that the American Heart Association has named it one of
the major risks for heart disease. Here’s a closer look at the all-important
relationship between your health and your weight.
Heart Disease. Excess body fat puts a strain on your heart and
directly influences important factors that increase your risk for heart
attacks and stroke, including blood pressure, cholesterol and
triglycerides; a dangerous type of blood fat. For example, any
additional weight can raise your blood pressure, increasing the
workload on your heart and causing it to enlarge and weaken over
time. Obesity also lowers levels of beneficial HDL cholesterol.
Studies show that fat gathered around the waist, the so-called apple
shape, is more dangerous to the heart than fat gathered in the hips
(pear shaped).
Diabetes. In particular, excess weight increases insulin resistance, a
condition that makes it more difficult to control glucose levels
properly. Over time, elevated blood sugars can lead to damaged
arteries, which in turn are more prone to atherosclerotic plaques. In

short, being obese can be the beginning of a potentially deadly chain
reaction.
Arthritis. Any excess pounds you carry will affect the weight-bearing
joints; your hips and knees. Perhaps an extra 10 to 20 pounds doesn’t
seem like such a a great stress. But consider that the cartilage in the
knee, which is supposed to absorb shock and protect the joint, is no
thicker than a one peso coin, and it gets easier to understand how even
small amounts of extra weight can hurt. Obesity can accelerate
arthritis and the need for hip or knee joint replacement surgery.
Back pain. If you don’t keep to a desirable weight, the flabby
stomach you’ll develop will decrease your abdominal muscle strength,
which can then put tremendous strain on your spine and lead to bad
bouts of back pain. Conversely, when you lose weight, you’re more
likely to increase your abdominal strength, which in turn flattens your
profile and lessens the strain on your back.
That is why, the Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and
Obesity (PASOO), has been campaigning actively in the past few years, for
Filipinos to eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly in order to avoid
becoming overweight and developing obesity.
Ramos et al. (2014) conducted a research study that assessed the
association between body mass index and the risk of being diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. In their study, they concluded that body mass index was
found to not only be strongly and independently associated with the risk of
25
being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes but also the magnitude of this positive
association is significantly larger for higher BMI values from a total of
12,179 cases were included in the analysis (average age 55, 43% male) along
with 25,177 controls (average age 56, 55% female). A positive association
between body mass index and the risk of a type 2 diabetes diagnosis was
found. This association strength increased based upon body mass index
category as followings: Overweight individuals (RR=1.5, CI 95%, 1.4 to 1.6);
Obesity Class I (RR=2.5, CI 95%, 2.3 to 2.6) Obesity Class II (RR=3.6, CI
95%, 3.4 to 3.8); Obesity Class III (RR=5.1, CI 95% 4.7 to 5.5).
According to a study conducted by Kirunda et al. (2015) which was
entitled “Population-based survey of overweight and obesity and the
associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda” discussed the
predominantly rural adult population, the prevalence of overweight and
overweight/obesity are already high, particularly among women, middle aged
adults, peri-urban residents and adults in the higher quintiles of SES.
Overweight/obesity appears to occur in significant proportions among young
adults, particularly the women. The time has come to try to prevent and
control overweight/obesity. Further inquiry is required to understand the
perceptions of weight, diet and physical activity in the general population,
and describe dietary diversity and physical activity, as well as the influence
of the rural physical and social environment on diet, physical activity and
BMI so as to guide the design and implementation of appropriate strategies

for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in similar
populations.
A study regarding the Body Mass Index of Canadian people was
conducted by Detmer (2016) wherein, he stated that overweight and obesity
are generally defined using the body mass index (BMI), which is calculated
by dividing body weight in kilograms by height in metres squared. Body
weight categories are defined in the Canadian Guidelines for Body Weight
which is shown below.
BMI (kg/m2) Classification Health Risk
< 18.5 Underweight Increased risk

18.5-24.9 Normal Weight Least risk
25.0-29.9 Overweight Increased risk
30 and over Obese
30.0-34.9 Obese class I High risk
35.0-39.9 Obese Class II Very high risk
> 40.0 Obese Class III Extremely high risk
In 2016, the overweight rate for 2 to 17 year-olds was 18% (an estimated
1.1 million), and 8% were obese (about 0.5 million) — for a combined rate of
26%. Compared to Americans, based on the most recent data (2010-2014),
the combined overweight/obesity rate of 2 to 17 year-olds was similar in the
United States and Canada, but the American obesity rate was slightly higher
(10% versus 8%). Overweight and obesity rates among Canadian children,
aged 2 to 17, 2016

27
Overweight (%) Obese (%) Overweight/Obese (%)

Total 18.1 8.2 26.2
Boys 17.9 9.1 27.0
Girls 18.3 7.2 25.5
Total 2 to 5 15.2 6.3 21.5
Total 6 to 11 17.9 8.0 25.8
Total 12 to 17 19.8 9.4 29.2
A study conducted by Mehdad et al. (2008), regarding the relationship
between body fat and each of body mass index (BMI) and waist
circumference (WC), and to test the effectiveness of fat mass (FM), percent
of body fat (PBF), BMI, and WC in predicting high levels of fasting blood
glucose (FBG) stated that BMI and WC were closely associated with FM and
PBF, respectively. However, the degree of these associations depends on
gender and weight status. BMI may provide a better proxy estimate of overall
adiposity than WC; nevertheless, both of them would appear to be a
reasonable surrogate for FM and PBF as screening tools to identify
adolescents at risk of developing excess body fat and high level of FBG. A
total of 167 adolescents aged 11–17 years were recruited from Rabat region.
BMI and WC were determined using standard equipments. FM and PBF were
derived from isotope dilution technique. FBG was determined by the
hexokinase method.
A study published at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entitled “Higher blood
glucose level associated with body mass index and gut microbiota in elderly
28
people.” Showed a brief results of the relationship of BMI and blood glucose
level. According to Kolk et al. (2014), Blood glucose level was positively
correlated with BMI (r=0.402; p=0.014). Higher blood glucose level had
negative correlation with relative share of intestinal anaerobic bacteria such
as bacteroides (r=-0.434; p=0.0076) and gram-positive anaerobic cocci (r=-
0.364; p=0.027). In contrast, the relative share of bifidobacteria (r=0.383;
p=0.019) and staphylococci (r=0.433; p=0.008) was positively correlated to
blood glucose level. In elderly people, a higher blood glucose concentration
was predicted by the reduction of the anaerobes’ proportion (adj. sex, age,
and BMI R(2)=0.192, p=0.028) and that of Bacteroides sp. (adj. R(2)=0.309,
p=0.016). They concluded that a tight interplay between increased BMI, level
of blood glucose, and the reduced proportion of cultivable bacteroides is
taking place in the gut microbiota of elderly people.

Synthesis
Research indicates that BMI correlates to direct measures of body fat
such as underwater weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA),
and is considered an inexpensive and easy-to-perform alternative for these
(Nichols, 2016). For adults 20 years and older, BMI is interpreted by using
standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages, and for both
men and women. For children and adolescents between 2-20 years old, BMI
is interpreted relative to a child’s age and sex (Martin, 2016). BMI is used as
a screening tool to indicate whether a person is underweight, overweight,
obese or a healthy weight for their height (Paddock, 2016).
Childhood obesity statistics according to the world survey statistics, childhood
obesity has dramatically multiplied in kids and quadrupled in teenagers in the
previous 30 years. The rate of youngsters aged 6-11 years in the United States
who were obese expanded from 7% in 1980 to about 18% in 2012. In 2012, more
than 33% of kids and youths were overweight or obese (Border, 2017).
In the Philippines, excess weight is also a growing public health concern
(Reyes, 2015), particulary the teenagers (Tidy, 2016). According to Bhatt
(2017), childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that occurs when a
children is above normal weight for his age and height. It has been linked to
increased risk for diseases such as: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke,
certain cancers later in life, Child and adolescent obesity also increases the
risk of social stigmatization, depression among youth.

30
Obesity makes the onset of non-insulin dependent or type 2 diabetes far
more likely (Dudovskiy, 2017). In fact, 80-90 percent of all people diagnosed
with this condition are obese. According to Pietrangelo & Sarachik. (2016),
they stated that an important part of diabetes management is controlling your
blood glucose (sugar) levels. According to Sonora (2017), the blood glucose
test may be used to detect high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and low blood
glucose (30anadian3030mia).
However, the study will use random blood glucose test which means that
a blood sample will be extracted from a non-fasting subject. According to
Hurd (2017), If an individual had a random blood glucose test, a normal
result depends on when you last ate but most of the time, the blood glucose
level will be below 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L). A random blood sugar level of
200 milligrams per 30anadian30 (mg/dL), or 11.1 millimoles per liter
(mmol/L), or higher suggests diabetes (Carlson, 2017).
The normal range stated by Hurd (2017) and Susan Way’s (2017) BMI
chart will be used as basis whether a grade 12 STEM students has high or low
BMI and blood glucose level.
Foreign studies, official local statistics regarding the percentage of the
obese in a population and information about blood glucose level were
presented in the compilation of the related literature that could be of use as
evidences and supporting details for the study findings – to present the
relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood glucose level of
grade 12 STEM students of UPHSD. There were studies that resulted to

insignificant relationship of body mass index and blood sugar level of a
population while some studies showed that there was a significant
relationship between the two variables. By knowing this, the researchers are
urged more to determine whether there is a relationship between body mass
index and blood glucose level.

32
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the realizations of the study through certain elements
such as the research design, research locale, sampling design, data gathering tool
and procedure.
Research Design
A research design is defined as a map or “blueprint” that guides the
researchers in the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting observations.
It is a logical model of proofs that allows the researchers to draw inferences
among the variables under investigation.
This study will use correlational research design because as defined by Dr.
Janet Waters (2017), Correlational research is a quantitative method in which you
have two or more quantitative variables from the same group of participants and
you are trying to determine if there is a relationship between the two variables.
The study aims to determine the relationship of body mass index and blood sugar
level of grade 12 STEM students in UPHSD.
Such definition gives the researchers the idea of using this design in
determining the relationship of body mass index and sugar level of grade 12
STEM students.
Research Locale
The research will be conducted at the University of Perpetual Help System
DALTA – Las Piñas campus. The said school is selected based mainly on the
proximity of its location to the researchers and the huge number of senior high
school students enrolled in the said campus. UPHSD is one of the premier
universities in the Philippines located at 1740 Alabang – Zapote Rd, Almanza
Uno, Las Piñas, Metro Manila.
Sampling Technique
Sampling technique essentially involves a system of selecting a population
representation from the general population depending on the objective of the
study, availability of money, time and effort in gathering research data (David
2005 and Mercado 2006).
Tejero (2006) stresses that when the population or larger group is too big and
taking all of them would be manageable, it is wiser to get only a sample or a
smaller group. This is where the use of sampling techniques is advisable. The total
number of grade 12 STEM students enrolled in UPHSD is certain to be big, thus,
the proponents will prefer only particular numbers of participants.
The proponents will use a non probability sampling technique which is
quota sampling technique as sampling design because as defined by Torneo
(2017), quota sampling sampled elements should be proportionate to their
representation in the population.
The total population of grade 12 STEM students is 900 wherein, 319 are
girls and 581 are boys. In order to get the proportion needed for the number
of respondents for the study, the researchers performed the appropriate
operations:
34
Given: 319 girls and 581 boys
319 581
=1 = 1.82 ≅ 2
319 319
The proportion of girls to boys of grade 12 STEM students of UPHSD is
1:2. Thus, the total number of respondents will be 10 girls and 20 boys. These
students will represent the population of the grade 12 STEM students in tht
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before the proponents will be able to gather information, they will first
ask the respondents if they are willing to cooperate with the tests that the
researchers will administer. The respondents will sign an agreement that
serves as a proof that they are willing and are not forced to perform the tests.
After doing so, the researchers will asses and confirm whether the
respondents have diabetes or not. If the respondents passed the requirements,
the researchers will start to get the required information from the respondents
through filling up the information sheet which includes the respondent’s
height, weight, blood sugar level and other personal data.
Data Gathering Tool
The researchers will use an information sheet that contains the details to
be gathered from the respondents regarding their BMI and blood glucose
level. The researchers will use a height chart, weighing scale, a glucometer
and glucose strips in gathering the height, weight and blood sugar level of the
respondents.
Data Analysis Plan
After being able to gather all the data required for the research findings,
the researchers will categorize the respondents whether the respondents are
under weight, normal range, overweight or obese (WHO, 2017) and has high
or low sugar level (Sonora, 2017).
According to Torneo (2017), the primary method of analysis in
correlational research design is hypothesis-testing which is central to
inferential statistics; thus, the researchers will use inferential statistics in
treating and analyzing the data.
Inferential statistics are techniques that allow the proponents to use
samples to make generalizations about the population from where the
samples were drawn (Moiseo, 2013). Since the after the calculation of data
the respondents will be categorized, it is suitable to use chi-square of
independence as statistical test. Chi-square of independence test is used to
determine if there is a significant relationship between two nominal
(categorical) variables. The frequency of one nominal variable is compared
with different values of the second nominal variable (Lani, 2017). The
implication if there is or there is no significant relationship between BMI and
blood glucose level will be: if the null hypothesis is accepted there is a
relationship between BMI and blood glucose level. If the null hypotheses is
rejected the implication would be that there is no relationship between BMI
and blood glucose level. The chi-square test will be analyzed and computed
through the aid of IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
References
Aliyu, T.M. et al. (2014). Relationship between random blood sugar and body
mass index in an African population. Retrieved from https://www.research
gate.net/publication/237621580_Relationship_between_random_blood_su
gar_and_body_mass_index_in_an_African_population
Bakari, A.G. et al. (2007). Obesity, overweight and under weight in suburban
northern Nigeria. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publica
tion/255578967_Obesity_overweight_and_under_weight_in_suburba
n_northern_Nigeria
Bakari, A.G. et al. (2007). Relationship between casual blood sugar and body
mass index in a suburban northern Nigerian population: a short
communication. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pub
med/17563975/
Bello, B.T. et al. (2016). Obesity among adult Nigerians: Relationship with
blood pressure, blood sugar, and proteinuria. Retrieved from http://w
ww.saudijobesity.com/article.asp?issn=2347-2618;year=2016;volume
=4;issue=2;spage=68;epage=74;aulast=Bello
Bhatt, G.C. (2017). Journal of childhood Obesity. Retrieved from http://childhood
-obesity.imedpub.com/
Border, K. M. (2017). Childhood Obesity Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.
imedpub.com/scholarly/childhood-obesity-statistics-journals-articles-ppts-
37
list.php
Carlson, S.J. (2017). Type 1 Diabetes in children. Retrived from https://www.
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes-in-
children/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355312
Chen, C. (2015). Keeping Track of your blood sugar. Retrieved from https://
kidshealth.org/en/teens/track-blood-sugar.html#
Chernecky, C.C. & Berger, B.J. (2013). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic
Procedures, 6th ed. St. Louis: Sanders.
Copeland, B. (2017). Body Mass Index. Retrieved from http://www.imedpub.
Com/scholarly/body-mass-index-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
Dahi, S.K. et al. (2017). Adolescents’ overweight and obesity among Alabnaa
schools in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from http://www.saudijob
esity.com/article.asp?issn=23472618;year=2017;volume=5;issue=1;s
page=3;epage=7;aulast=Al
David. (2010). Review of literature and studies-sampling. Retrived from https://w
ww.academia.edu/4671319/Review_of_literature_and_studies-sampling
Deepak, P., G. Praveen & Vittal, B.G. (2010). A Study Of Body Mass Index In
Healthy Individuals And Its Relationship With Fasting Blood Sugar.
Retrieved from http://www.jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?id=990
Detmer, W.M. (2016). Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition
(2016): A Guide to Accessing and Interpreting the Data [Health Canada,
2016]. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/

food-nutrition/food-nutrition-surveillance/health-nutrition-surveys/canadia
n-community-health-survey-cchs/38anadian-community-health-survey-
cycle-2-2-nutrition-2004-guide-accessing-interpreting-data-health-canada-
2006.html
Dudovskiy, J. (2017). The truth Behind Heart Diseases. London: Eagle Sheets
Publishing House Inc., p. 285
Gloor, R. (2015). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.pchrd.dost.
Gov.ph/index.php/news/library-health-news/4674-childhood-obesity
Hewitt, J. (2010). Living a Healthy life for Longer Existence. NY: Justine
Bridge Publishing House Inc., p. 90
Huffman, B. & Justin S. (2016). Random Glucose Tests: Testing Stability.
Retrirved from https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-
diabetes/random-glucose-testing#Overview1
Hurd, R. (2017). Blood sugar Tests. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/e
ncy/article/003482.htm
Innocent, O. et al. (2013). Correlation between body mass index and blood
glucose levels among some Nigerian undergraduates. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289246702_Correlation_bet
ween_body_mass_index_and_blood_glucose_levels_among_some_N
igerian_undergraduates
Joshi, A. (2014). Blood sugar. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/bloodsugar.

Html
39
Kirunda, B.E. et al. (2015). Population-based survey of overweight and
obesity and the associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern
Uganda. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284
706908_Population-based_survey_of_overweight_and_obesity_and_t
he_associated_factors_in_peri-urban_and_rural_Eastern_Uganda
Kolk, H. et al. (2014). Higher blood glucose level associated with body mass
index and gut microbiota in elderly people. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24936169
Lani, J. (2017). Chi-square Test of Independence. Retrieved from
http://www.statisticssolutions.com/non-parametric-analysis-chi-
square/
Lui, C. (2016). Teen Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/healt
h/diseases/obesity.html
Martin, Y.H. (2016). BMI (Body mass index). Retrieved from https://www.m
edicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/what-is-bmi.php
Mata, A.J. (2017). Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Individual
Features Across Different (Normal, Overweight, Pre-Obese and
Obese) Body Mass Index (BMI) Categories in a Tertiary Hospital in
the Philippines. Retrieved from http://asean-endocrinejournal.org/inde
x.php/JAFES/article/view/414/863
Mehdad, S. et al. (2011). Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Body Fat,
Fasting Blood Glucose in a Sample of Moroccan Adolescents Aged

11–17 Years. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic
les/PMC3228313/
Moiseo, M.A. (2013). Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Retrieved from
https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/descriptive-inferential-
statistics.php
Nandi, S.S. (2017). Blood sugar test. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency
/article/003482.htm
Nichols, H. (2016). BMI (body mass index). Retrieved from https://www.me
dicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/what-is-bmi.php
Ogden, C. (2017). Causes and Health Consequences of Overweight and
Obesity. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-
information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity
Paddock, C. (2016). BMI (Body Mass Index). Retrieved from https://www.m
edicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/what-is-bmi.php
Pagana, K.D. & Pagana, T.J. (2010). Mosby’s Manual of Diagnostic and
Laboratory Tests, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mobsy
Parwanto M.E. & Senjaya H. (2017). Child Obesity and Depression.
Retrieved from http://www.imedpub.com/scholarly/child-obesity-and-
depression-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
Pietrangelo, A. & J. Sarachik. (2016). Blood Sugar and Insulin. Retrieved
from https://www.diabetes.ca/diabetes-and-you/healthy-living-
resources/blood-sugar-insulin
Pruthi, S. (2015). Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/disease
s-conditions/obesity/basics/definition/con-20014834?p=1
Ramos, A. M. & Ramos, J. A. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science
General Biology 1. Quezon City, Phil: Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc. p. 213
Ramos, M. et. al (2014). Body Mass Index and Type 2 Diabetes Risk.
Retrieved from http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/body-mass-index-
and-type-2-diabetes-risk/
Reyes, T.M. (2015). The heavy burden of Obesity. Retrieved from
http://www.philstar.com/health-and-family/132532/heavy-burden-
obesity
Romito, K. (2015) Home blood glucose test. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/home-blood-glucose-test
Shiel, W.C. (2017). Low Blood Sugar Symptoms and Ranges. Retrieved from
https://www.medicinenet.com/hypoglycemia/article.htm
Sonora, Q.L. (2017). Glucose Tests. Retrieved from https://labtestsonline.org/
understanding/analytes/glucose/tab/test/
Stoppler, M.C. (2016). Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar). Retrieved from
https://www.medicinenet.com/hyperglycemia/article.htm
Tejero. (2007). Review of literature and studies-sampling. Retrived from https://
www.academia.edu/4671319/Review_of_literature_and_studies-sampling
Tidy, C. (2016). Obesity in Children and Teens. Retrieved from http://www.aacap
.org/aacap/families_and_youth/facts_for_families/FFF-Guide/Obesity-In-
Children-And-Teens-079.aspx
Torneo, A.R. (2017). An Introduction to QUANTITATIVE Research: Practical
Research 2. Quezon City, Phil: SIBS Publishing House Inc., p. 107
Torneo, A.R. (2017). An Introduction to QUANTITATIVE Research: Practical
Research 2. Quezon City, Phil: SIBS Publishing House Inc., p. 114
Ware, M. (2016). Diabetes: symptoms, causes and treatments. Retrieved from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes
Waters, J (2017) Correlational research guidelines Retrieved from https://capi
lanou.ca/psychology/student-resources/research-guidelines/Correlatio
nal-Research-Guidelines/
Way, S. L. (2017). BMI Chart children. Retrieved from https://susanshealthy
way.com/bmi-chart-children/
World Health Organization. (2017). BMI classification. Retrieved from
http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html
REA BEATRIZ A. BAUZON

#26 Carmencita Village Talon III, Las Piñas City 1742 • beacheese@yahoo.com •
09565101356
Education
Senior High School 2017

Las Piñas City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Junior High School 2016

Canossa School
Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
Grade School 2012

Canossa School
Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
Honors and Awards
Essay Writing Contest, 2016

Pagsulat ng Tula, 2015
KYLLA SHANE T. BORICANO

San Juan Extension Carmencita Village, Talon 3, Las Piñas City 1740 •
kylla_boricano@yahoo.com • 09174205807
Education


Las Piñas East National High School
Talon Village – Annex
Grade School 2012

Talon 3 Elementary School
JAN LANCE C. BUENAVENTURA

Blk 33 Lot 2 Casimiro Townhomes St. Joseph, Pulang Lupa Dos, Las Piñas City
1742• janlance.00@gmail.com • 09561409786
Education

Our Lady of the Pillar Catholic School
Imus City, Cavite, Philippines
Grade School 2012

Brehms School Incorporated
Imus City, Cavite, Philippines
BEAVER JOHN M. CALINGAO

19 Marigold road Pilar village Las Piñas City 1750
Education

Grade School
Mother Mary of Pilar School Child Development Center
BEA PATRICE R. DE CASTRO

237A. Capt. Sarino St. Mabolo, City of Bacoor 4102 • beapatricedc@yahoo.com
• 09264688528
Education

St. Peregrine Institute
Banalo, City of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines
Grade School 2012

Mabolo Elementary School
Mabolo, City of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines
Honors and Awards

Class Valedictorian, Elementary, 2012
Class Valedictorian, Junior High School, 2016
Academic Excellence Awardee, 2017
Seminars and Trainings

Division Schools Press Conference, 2011
Journalism Summer Training, 2013
MARIE JAN LOUISE C. DE DIOS

B19 L9 Dapdap St. BF El Grande Soldiers Hills IV, City of Bacoor 4102 •
mariejandedios@gmail.com • 09150011618
Education

Bacoor National High School – Main
Molino, City of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines
Grade School 2012

Mayflower Academy of Las Piñas
JOHN MARTIN A. DE OCAMPO

42 Sultana St. Manuyo 1, Las Piñas City • jmdeocampo15@gmail.com •
09367395782
Education

Las Piñas National High School – Main
Grade School 2012

Manuya Elementary School
RUEL B. DELA CRUZ, JR.

Blk1 Lot 2 Rosas St. Camella Homes, Bacoor City, Cavite •
delacruzjrruel@yahoo.com • 09367244164
Education

La Camelle School
Bacoor City, Cavite, Philippines
Grade School 2012

La Camelle School
Bacoor City, Cavite, Philippines
Letter of Agreement
Date:
I, ________________________________ a bonafide grade 12 STEM
student of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA, Las Piñas
campus hereby to sign this letter of agreement that I willingly want to
perform and cooperate the given tests: (Body Mass Index & Random Plasma
Glucose Test) by the researchers that are mentioned below and that I am not
forced to do the tests so. Through my signature below, I declare that I do not
have diabetes.
 Bauzon, Rea Beatriz
 Boricano, Kylla Shane
 Buenaventura, Jan Lance
 Calingao, Beaver John
 De Castro, Bea Patrice
 De Dios, Marie Jan Louise
 De Ocampo, John Martin
 Dela Cruz, Ruel Jr.
___________________________
Signature over printed name
Information Sheet
Name (optional):
Age: Birth date:
Gender: Section:
For Body Mass Index (BMI) Category

Height:
Weight:
For Glucose Test Category

Blood sugar level:
53
Certificate of Legitimacy
October 19, 2017
I, Telesforo Acopiado Jr., Academic Coordinator of the Senior High

School Department of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
hereby sign this certificate that signifies the validity of the total number of
grade 12 STEM students that will be used exclusively for thesis as
requirement in Practical Research 2. Shown below is the breakdown of the
serial number of students per section.
SECTION No. of Boys No. of Girls

STEM 1 36 23
STEM 2 41 16
STEM 3 47 11
STEM 4 29 23
STEM 5 44 7
STEM 6 56 4
STEM 7 56 0
STEM 8 36 19
STEM 9 40 7
STEM 10 18 40
STEM 11 13 42
STEM 12 12 42
STEM 13 29 26
STEM 14 32 23
STEM 15 40 11
STEM 16 26 20
STEM 17 26 5
Total 581 319
Noted by:
___________________________
Mrs. Maria Carina Pontanar
Research Adviser
Signed by:
___________________________
Mr. Telesforo Acopiado Jr.
Academic Coordinator

Chap 1 Draft Dati Chap 1 3 Draft Na Ngayon

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Chap 1 Draft Dati Chap 1 3 Draft Na Ngayon

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Las Piñas

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD SUGAR

A Thesis Proposal presented to the Faculty

Bauzon, Rea Beatriz A.

Senior High School Department

Las Pinas City

This study entitled, “THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY MASS INDEX

MRS. MARIA CARINA PONTANAR

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for t

MS. SHEILA D. TANDOC

I. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

who extended their assistance for the success of this study.

need for the success of this study.

encouragement, patient and whose expertise and knowledge was generously

your efforts for the completion of this study.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Obesity is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat

more than doubled in children and quadrupled among adolescents (Lui,

2016). According to Philippine Council for Health Research and

of childhood overweight and obesity cases. The 2011 Global School-based

Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and Obesity (PASOO),

healthy diet and exercise regularly in order to avoid becoming overweight

and developing obesity. And obesity is so threatening to cardiovascular

health that the American Heart Association has named it one of

the major risks for heart disease (Reyes, 2015).

access to healthy foods and safe places to be active. Technology is very

a touch – knowledge and entertainment. This capability frequently leads to

inactivity of teenagers to physical activities.

According to Dudovskiy (2017), obesity makes the onset of non-insulin

people diagnosed with this condition are obese.

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. For most people,

The human body needs energy in order to perform different tasks

to Ware (2016), diabetes is described as a group of metabolic diseases in

kinds of tests in determining an individual’s sugar level.

 Random plasma glucose test – a blood sample for a random plasma

planning and is therefore used in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

when time is of the essence.

at least eight hours of fasting and is therefore usually taken in the

The given data encouraged the researchers to determine the relationship

STEM students of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Las

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, the study will sought to answer the following questions:

c. Body Mass Index

BMI – Body Mass Index

d. Blodd Glucose Level

2. What is the average BMI of the grade 12 STEM students?

3. What is the average blood sugar level of grade 12 STEM students?

4. What gender classification has a higher BMI?

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this research are:

grade 12 STEM students.

3. To know which gender classification has a higher BMI.

4. To spread awareness regarding obesity and diabetes.

Hypothesis of the Study

The researchers believe that there no significant relationship between Body

Significance of the Study

The overview of this present study would be a great contribution to the

outcomes of this investigation could be highly significant and beneficial

specifically to the following:

might be sufficient to prevent obesity among teenagers.

their children to live in a healthy manner. Thereby, parents shall lead an

children free from obesity or diabetes and live longer.