UFBA - Cálculo C - 2017/1

Lista de Exercı́cios 10 - Transformada de Laplace

(1) Encontre a transformada de laplace da função f (t) = cos(at), t ≤ 0, sendo a uma constante diferente
de zero.

(2) Encontre a transformada de Laplace da função dada, sendo a e b constantes ambas diferentes de
ex + e−x ex − e−x
zero. Lembre-se que cosh(x) = e senh(x) = .
2 2
(a) f (t) = cosh(bt). (f) f (t) = t sen(at).
(b) f (t) = senh(bt). (g) f (t) = t cosh(at).
(c) f (t) = eat cosh(bt). (h) f (t) = tn eat , n inteiro positivo.
(d) f (t) = eat senh(bt). (i) f (t) = t2 sen(at).
(e) f (t) = teat . (j) f (t) = t2 senh(at).

(3) Em cada caso, determine se a função f = f (t) é contı́nua, seccionalmente contı́nua ou nenhuma das
duas opções, no intervalo [0, 3]. (Dica: faça o gráfico da função)
 
2 2
t , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1;
 t , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1;

(a) f (t) = 2 + t, 1 < t ≤ 2; (c) f (t) = 1, 1 < t ≤ 2;
 
6 − t, 2 < t ≤ 3. 3 − t, 2 < t ≤ 3.
 
 
2
t , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1;
 t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1;

(b) f (t) = (t − 1)−1 , 1 < t ≤ 2; (d) f (t) = 3 − t, 1 < t ≤ 2;
 
1, 2 < t ≤ 3. 1, 2 < t ≤ 3.
 

(4) Encontre a transformada de Laplace inversa.

3 2s − 3
(a) F (s) = . (f) F (s) = .
s2 + 4 s2 − 4
4 2s + 1
(b) F (s) = . (g) F (s) = .
(s − 1)3 2
s − 2s + 2
2 8s2 − 4s + 12
(c) F (s) = 2
. (h) F (s) = .
s + 3s − 4 s(s2 + 4)
3s 1 − 2s
(d) F (s) = 2
. (i) F (s) = .
s −s−6 2
s + 4s + 5
2s + 2 2s − 3
(e) F (s) = . (j) F (s) = .
s2 + 2s + 5 2
s + 2s + 10

(5) Encontre a solução da EDO com condições iniciais.

(a) y 0000 − 4y 000 + 6y 00 − 4y 0 + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1, y 00 (0) = 0, y 000 (0) = 1.
(b) y 0000 − y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 1, y 000 (0) = 0.
(c) y 0000 − 4y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = −2, y 000 (0) = 0.

(6) Esboce o gráfico da função dada no intervalo [0, ∞].

(a) f (t) = u1 (t) + 2u3 (t) − 6u4 (t).
(b) f (t) = (t − 3)u2 (t) − (t − 2)u3 (t).
(c) f (t) = (t − π)2 uπ (t).
(d) f (t) = sen(t − 3)u3 (t).
(e) f (t) = 2(t − 1)u2 (t).
(f) f (t) = (t − 1)u1 (t) − 2(t − 2)u2 (t) + (t − 3)u3 (t).

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(7) Encontre a transformada

( de Laplace da função.
0, t < 2
(a) f (t) =
(t − 2)2 , t ≥ 2.
(
0, t < 1
(b) f (t) = 2
t − 2t + 2, t ≥ 1.

0, t < π

(c) f (t) = t − π, π ≤ t < 2π

0, t ≥ 2π.

(d) f (t) = u1 (t) + 2u3 (t) − 6u4 (t).
(e) f (t) = (t − 3)u2 (t) − (t − 2)u3 (t).
(f) f (t) = t − u1 (t)(t − 1).

(8) Calcule a transformada de Laplace inversa da função.

3! 2e−2s
(a) F (s) = . (d) F (s) = .
(s − 2)4 s2 − 4
e−2s (s − 2)e−s
(b) F (s) = 2 . (e) F (s) = 2 .
s +s−2 s − 4s + 3
−2s −s −2s − e−3s − e−4s
2(s − 1)e e +e
(c) F (s) = 2 . (f) F (s) = .
s − 2s + 2 s

(9) Seja f = f (t), t ≥ 0, uma função e suponha que F (s) = L {f (t)} existe para s > a ≥ 0.
(a) Mostre que, se c > 0 é uma constante, então
1 s
L {f (ct)} = F , s > ca.
c c
(b) Mostre que, se k > 0 é uma constante, então
 
−1 1 t
L {F (ks)} = f .
k k
(c) Mostre que, se a e b são constantes com a > 0, então
 
−1 1 −bt/a t
L {F (as + b)} = e f .
a a

(10) Use os resultados do exercı́cio anterior para calcular a transformada de Laplace inversa da função.

2n+1 1
(a) F (s) = . (c) F (s) = .
n! 9s2 − 12s + 3
2s + 1 e2 e−4s
(b) F (s) = 2 . (d) F (s) = .
4s + 4s + 5 2s − 1

(11) Encontre a solução da EDO com condições iniciais. (

1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
(a) y 00 + y = f (t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1; f (t) =
0, t ≥ π/2.

0, 0 ≤ t < π

(b) 00 0 0
y + 2y + 2y = h(t); y(0) = 0, y (0) = 1; h(t) = 1, π ≤ t < 2π

0, t ≥ 2π.

(c) y 00 + 4y = sen(t) − u2π (t) sen(t − 2π); y(0) = 0; y 0 (0) = 0.
(d) y 00 + 4y = sen(t) − uπ (t) sen(t − π); y(0) = 0; y 0 (0) ( = 0.
1, 0 ≤ t < 10
(e) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = f (t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0; f (t) =
0, t ≥ 10.
(f) 00 0
y + 3y + 2y = u2 (t); y(0) = 0, y (0) = 1. 0

(g) y 00 + y = u3π (t); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.

(h) y 00 + y 0 + 45 y = t − uπ/2 (t)(t − π/2); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
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(
t/2, 0 ≤ t < 6
(i) y 00 + y = g(t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1; g(t) =
3, t ≥ 6.
(
00 0 5 0 sen(t), 0 ≤ t < π
(j) y + y + 4 y = g(t); y(0) = 0, y (0) = 0; g(t) =
0, t ≥ π.
(k) 00 0
y + 4y = uπ (t) − u3π (t); y(0) = 0, y (0) = 0.
(l) y iv − y = u1 (t) − u2 (t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 0, y 000 (0) = 0.
(m) y iv + 5y 00 + 4y = 1 − uπ (t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 0, y 000 (0) = 0.

(12) Encontre a solução da EDO com condições iniciais.

(a) y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = δ(t − π); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.
(b) y 00 + 4y = δ(t − π) − δ(t − 2π); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
(c) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = δ(t − 5) + u10 (t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1/2.
(d) y 00 − y = −20 δ(t − 3); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.

(13) Encontre a transformada de Laplace da função.

Z t Z t
(a) f (t) = (t − u)2 cos(2u) du. (c) f (t) = (t − u)eu du.
Z0 t Z0 t
−(t−u)
(b) f (t) = e sen(u) du. (d) f (t) = sen(t − u) cos(u) du.
0 0

(14) Encontre a transformada de Laplace inversa da função.

1 1
(a) F (s) = . (c) F (s) = .
s4 (s2 + 1) (s + 1)2 (s2 + 4)
s G(s)
(b) F (s) = . (d) F (s) = 2 .
(s + 1)(s2 + 4) s +1

(15) Encontre a solução da EDO com condições iniciais.

(a) y 00 + ω 2 y = g(t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1, ω constante não nula.

(b) 4y 00 + 4y 0 + 17y = g(t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
(c) y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = g(t); y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −3.
(d) y iv + 5y 00 + 4y = g(t); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 0, y 000 (0) = 0.

Respostas
s
(1) L {cos(at)} = 2 ,s>0
s + a2

s 2as
(2) (a) L {cosh(bt)} = , s > |b| (f) L {t sen(at)} = ,s>0
− b2 s2 (s2
+ a2 )2
b
(b) L { senh(bt)} = 2 , s > |b| s 2 + a2
s − b2 (g) L {t cosh(at)} = , s > |a|
s−a (s − a)2 (s + a)2
(c) L {eat cosh(bt)} = , s − a > |b| n!
(s − a)2 − b2 (h) L {tn eat } = ,s>a
b (s − a)n+1
(d) L {eat senh(bt)} = , s − a > |b| 2a(3s3 − a2 )
(s − a)2 − b2 (i) L {t2 sen(at)} = ,s>0
1 (s2 + a2 )3
(e) L {teat } = ,s>a 2a(3s2 + a2 )
s−a (j) L {t2 senh(at)} = , s > |a|
(s2 − a2 )3
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(3) (a) seccionalmente contı́nua (c) nenhuma das duas

(b) seccionalmente contı́nua (d) contı́nua

(4) (a) f (t) = 32 sen(t) (f) f (t) = 2 cosh(2t) − 23 senh(2t)

(b) f (t) = 2t2 et (g) f (t) = 2et cos(t) + 3et sen(t)
(c) f (t) = 25 et − 25 e−4t (h) f (t) = 3 − 2 sen(2t) + 5 cos(2t)
(d) f (t) = 95 e3t + 56 e−2t (i) f (t) = −2e−2t cos(t) + 5e−2t sen(t)
(e) f (t) = 2e−t cos(2t) (j) f (t) = 2e−t cos(3t) − 35 e−t sen(3t)

√
(5) (a) y = tet − t2 et + 23 t3 et (b) y = cosh(t) (c) y = cos( 2t)

(6)

(7) (a) F (s) = e−s /s3 1

(d) F (s) = (e−s + 2e−3s − 6e−4s )
(b) F (s) = e−s (s2 + 2)/s3 s 
(e) F (s) = s−2 (1 − s) e−2s − (1 + s)e−3s

e−πs e−2πs
(c) F (s) = 2 − (1 + πs) (f) F (s) = (1 − e−s )/s2
s s2

(8) (a) f (t) = t3 e2t  (d) f (t) = u2 (t) senh[2(t − 2)]

(b) f (t) = 13 u2 (t) et−2 − e−2(t−2) (e) f (t) = u1 (t)e2(t−1) cosh(t − 1)


(c) f (t) = 2u2 (t)et−2 cos(t − 2) (f) f (t) = u1 (t) + u2 (t) − u3 (t) − u4 (t)

(9)

(10) (a) f (t) = 2(2t)n (c) f (t) = 61 et/3 (e2t/3 − 1)

(b) f (t) = 12 e−t/2 cos(t) (d) f (t) = 21 et/2 u2 (t/2)

(11) (a) y = 1 − cos(t) + sen(t) − uπ/2 (t)(1 − sen(t))

(b) y = e−t sen(t) + 12 uπ (t) 1 + e−(t−π) cos(t) + e−(t−π) sen(t)

− 21 u2π(t) 1 + e−(t−2π) cos(t) − e−(t−2π) sen(t)

(c) y = 61 (1 − u2π (t))(2 sen(t) − sen(2t))

(d) y = 61 (2 sen(t) − sen(2t)) − 16 uπ (t)(2 sen(t) − sen(2t))
(e) y = 21 + 12 e−t − e−t − u10 (t) 12 + 21 e−2(t−10) − e−(t−10)

(f) y = e−t − e−2t + u2 (t) 12 − e−(t−2) + 12 e−2(t−2)

(g) y = cos(t) + u3π (t) (1 − cos(t − 3π))

4
−4 + 5t + 4e−t/2 cos(t) − 3e−t/2 sen(t)


(h) y = h(t) − uπ/2 (t)h(t − π/2), h(t) = 25
(i) y = 12 sen(t) + 12 t − 61 u6 (t) (t − 6 − sen(t − 6))
4
−4 cos(t) + sen(t) +
4e−t/2 cos(t) + e−t/2 sen(t)


(j) y = h(t) − uπ (t)h(t − π), h(t) = 17
(k) y = uπ (t) 41 − 14 cos(2t − 2π) − u3π(t) 41 − 14 cos(2t − 6π)

(l) y = u1 (t)h(t − 1) − u2 (t)h(t − 2), h(t) = −1 + (cos(t) + cosh(t))/2

(m) y = h(t) − uπ (t)h(t − π), h(t) = (3 − 4 cos(t) + cos(2t))/12

(12) (a) y = e−t cos(t) + e−t sen(t) + uπ (t)e−(t−π) sen(t − π)

(b) y = 21 uπ (t) sen(2(t − π)) − 12 u2π(t) sen(2(t − π))
= − 12 e−2t + 12 e−t + u5 (t) −e−2(t−5) + e−(t−5) + u10 (t) 1
+ 12 e−2(t−10) + e−(t−10)



(c) y 2
(d) y = cosh(t) − 20 u3 (t)senh(t − 3)
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2 1
(13) (a) F (s) = (c) F (s) =
s2 (s2
+ 4) s2 (s
− 1)
1 s
(b) F (s) = (d) F (s) = 2
(s + 1)(s2 + 1) (s + 1)2

Z t Z t
(14) (a) f (t) = 1
6
3
(t − u) sen(u) du (c) f (t) = 1
2 (t − u)e−(t−u) sen(2u) du
0 0
Z t Z t
−(t−u)
(b) f (t) = e cos(u) du (d) f (t) = sen(t − u)g(u) du
0 0

1 t
Z
1
(15) (a) y = sen(ωt) + sen (ω(t − u)) g(u)du
ωZ ω 0
1 t −(t−u)/2
(b) y = e sen (2(t − u)) g(u)du
8 0 Z t
(c) y = 2e−2t + te−2t +(t − u)e−2(t−u) g(u)du
0
1 t
Z
4 1
(d) y = cos(t) − cos(2t) + [2 sen(t − u) − sen (2(t − u))] g(u)du
3 3 6 0