Chapter 1

 Archimedes Principle
- Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a stationary fluid, is buoyed up by a force
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
 Zeroth Law
- If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they
are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
- It is called the "zeroth" law because it came to light after the first and second laws of
thermodynamics had already been established and named, but was considered more
fundamental and thus was given a lower number “zero”.
 Conservation of Mass
- The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that
mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass
of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at
the end of the reaction.
 Heat Resorvoir
- A hypothetical body of infinitely large mass capable of absorbing or rejecting unlimited
quantities of heat without under going appreciable changes in temperature, pressure or
density.
 Adiabatic Surface, Process
- The Adiabatic Surface Temperature is defined as the temperature of a surface which
cannot absorb or lose heat to the environment.
- In an adiabatic process, energy is transferred to its surroundings only as work.
 Crushing Pressure
- Crushing pressure. Human bodies are used to air pressure. The air pressure in our
lungs, ears and stomachs is the same as the air pressure outside of our bodies, which
ensures that we don't get crushed.
- The contents of our bodies (blood, bones, muscle, etc.) are at the same pressure as the
atmosphere.

Chapter 2

 Datum
- Fixed point from which a measurement is taken.
 Gravitational Potential Energy
- Gravitational potential energy is energy an object possesses because of its position in a
gravitational field
- Gravitational potential energy, or GPE, is like height energy. The higher up an object
is placed, the more GPE it has. This might seem strange, but there is some logic to why
it must exist.
 Boundary Work
- Boundary work occurs because the mass of the substance contained within the system
boundary causes a force, the pressure times the surface area, to act on the boundary
surface and make it move.
 Surface Tension
- Surface tension is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the
least surface area possible
 Electrical Work
- Electrical work is the work done on a charged particle by an electric field.
 Flow Work
- Work is needed to push the fluid into or out of the boundaries of a control volume if
mass flow is involved. This work is called the flow work (flow energy).
 Perpetual Motion of the First Kind
- Perpetual motion machine of the first kind is a machine that can do work indefinitely
without an energy input.
- The hypothetical continuous operation of an isolated mechanical device or other closed
system without a sustaining energy source.
- This kind of machine is impossible, as it would violate the first or second law of
thermodynamics.