PN 2100

PN 2100 COURSE
BASIC PNEUMATICS
DEGEM® SYSTEMS
Copyright © 2003 by I.T.E. Innovative Technologies in Education. All
rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any
form without prior written permission from I.T.E. This publication is based
on the exclusive methodology of Degem Systems Ltd.
In the interest of product improvement, circuits, components or values of

components may be changed at any time without prior notification.
First edition printing: 1986

Second edition printing: 1987,1988,1991
Reproduced from Degem PN 2100 Courseware: 2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1 - 3/2 Way, Manually-Operated Valve 1-1
Lesson 2 - Operation of a Single Acting Cylinder 2-1
Lesson 3 - Double Acting Cylinder 3-1
Lesson 4 - 5/2 Way, Double Pilot Valve 4-1
Lesson 5 - Operation of a Control Circuit 5-1
Lesson 6 - Flow Control Operation 6-1
Lesson 7 - Speed Regulation Method 7-1
Lesson 8 - Regulation of a Double Acting Cylinder 8-1
Lesson 9 - Semi Automatic Cylinder Pneumatic Control 9-1
Lesson 10 - Automatic Control Circuit 10-1
Lesson 11 - A Grinding Machine 11-1
Lesson 12 - A Sensor Integrated Control 12-1
Lesson 13 - Automatic Circuit with Cylinder 13-1
Lesson 14 - A Reservoir for Time Delay 14-1
Lesson 15 - Control Circuit with Integrated Delay 15-1
Lesson 16- Operation of Two Cylinders 16-1
Lesson 17- Control Circuit with Two Cylinders in Parallel 17-1
Lesson 18- Operation of Two Cylinders 18-1
Lesson 19- Operation of Double Control with Two Cylinders 19-1

PN-2100 1-1
LESSON No. 1: OPERATION OF A 3/2 WAY, MANUALLY-OPERATED,

SPRING- RETURN VALVE AND SINGLE –ACTING
CYLINDER
LAB OBJECTIVES
This exercise will enable you to:
 Explain the nature of the 3/2-way, push button operated, spring-
return valve function.
 Understand the single cylinder function.
 Build a basic operation circuit for simulating a press.
EQUIPMENT
1 Pneumatic workstation (PN-2001)
1 Single-acting cylinder with spring return CY1 (PN-2140 panel)
1 3/2-way, manual valve spring return with push button V1
(PN-2110 panel)
1 Set of pneumatic accessories (PN-2160)
DISCUSSION
1. 3/2-WAY MANUAL VALVE
The 3/2-way valves, are used in controls that employ single-acting
cylinders, or for the control of final control elements.
In the normal position, the connection from P to A is closed and the
connection from A to R is open.
Valve operation initially closes the connection from P to R. The
connection from P to A then opens, allowing compressed air to flow
to the cylinder. Releasing the knob, will reset the valve by the reset
spring and close the connection from P to A, opening connection A to
R, allowing the compressed air to flow from the cylinder.
PN-2100 1-2
2. SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDERS
With single-acting cylinders, compressed air is applied on one side
only. These cylinders produce work in one direction only.
Therefore, air is required for one direction of movement only. Either a
built-in spring or an external force is required to move the piston in the
opposite direction.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. If the air supply pipe is mistakenly connected to port V
instead of port P, then:
The cylinder will not function.
The air will flow through port P.
The cylinder will be constantly activated through the connection
from V to A.
It does not matter.
2. A broken or missing piston spring will cause:

The piston not to move.
The piston to remain in the middle of its stroke.
No change in the piston function.
The piston to remain in the extended position.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. SCREEN SIMULATION PROCEDURE
The simulation screen displays a press circuit simulation.
Activating the valve will simulate the piston movement in the cylinder.
"Releasing" the valve will cause the piston to return to its start position.
PN-2100 1-3
2. SAFETY RULES
2.1 Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
pressure in the pipe, before connecting or disconnecting components.
2.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 2 bars.
3. EXERCISE PROCEDURE
Figure 1.1 shows a press, operated by a single-acting cylinder
equipped with a return spring.
PN-2100 1-4
The cylinder is operated by a 3/2-way, manually-operated, spring-return

valve.
Figure 1.2 shows the system diagram

3.1 Locate the pressure inlet port (P) by connecting a hose between
the valve on the master board and one of the valve junctions.
Open the valve, to which the hose is being connected, and
check whether air goes out from either of the two remaining
ports.
3.2 Repeat this operation for the two other ports.
3.3 The blocked port is the pressure inlet port.
3.4 After connecting the air supply pipe to the valve inlet port, operate
the
valve by pressing the push button and locate the port supplying air.
3.5 Now, connect the port discharging air to the cylinder inlet port.
3.6 Activate valve (V1) and verify that the piston moves out.
3.7 Release the valve (V1) and verify that the piston returns.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. What is the function of the hole at the cylinder end?
To bleed the lubrication oil.
To avoid pressure on the spring side.
To lubricate the piston.
A check hole.
PN-2100 1-5
4. How is the piston returned?

By spring force.
By compressed air force.
By oil pressure.
By gravitation.
PN-2100 2-1
LESSON No. 2: OPERATION OF A SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDER WITH

TWO 3/2-WAY, MANUALLY-OPERATED VALVES IN
SERIES
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the series connection methods.
 Explain the function of a two valve series connection as a safety device.
 Build a circuit, using a series connection.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve spring return with push button V1 (PN- 2110
panel)
1 3/2-way, mushroom button valve V6 (PN-2130 panel)
DISCUSSION
Figure 2.1 shows a control circuit for a press as described in
lesson 1 figure 1.1. The control circuit is operated by two series
connected valves, which form a safety layout for two-handed
press operation.
PN-2100 2-2
Note: The customary safety layout requires the use of both hands and
operates on a time basis. Push buttons should be pressed at short
and fixed time intervals. An exercise, based on this principle
is given further on.
In order to operate the cylinder, valve V1 and valve V6 should be pressed
simultaneously.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. If only valve (V1) is activated, then:
The press will operate nonstop.
The press will not function.
The valve (V6) will release the air.
The press will function normally.
2. If valve (V6) is connected via port V instead of port P,
then:
The control circuit will no longer be safe.
It does not matter.
The press will not function.
Activating valve (V6) will activate the press.
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic
circuit that should be built on the operation panel.
Activating the simulation according to the instructions , will
demonstrate the circuit operation. Observe it carefully!
PN-2100 2-3
2. SAFETY RULES
Also see the pneumatic circuit on figure 2.1 :
PN-2100 2-4
3.1 Check and find the pressure inlet port, pressure outlet port and vent port in
valves V1 and V6, separately.
3.2 The circuit is built as follows:
3.2.1 Connect one of the air supply outlets to the pressure inlet port of valve V1.
3.2.2 Connect the pressure outlet port of valve V1 to the pressure inlet port
of valve V6.
3.2.3 Connect the pressure outlet port of valve V6 to the inlet port of the cylinder.
3.3 Operating the control circuit.
3.3.1 Press push button of valve V1 only and observe the piston movement.
3.3.2 Press push button of valve V6 only and observe the piston movement.
3.3.3 Press push buttons of valve V1 and valve V6 simultaneously
and
observe the piston movement.
3.3.4 Cease pressing valve V6 only and observe the piston movement.
3.4 Disassemble the circuit as follows:
3.4.1 Close the valve in the air supply and ascertain that there is no
pressure in the pipes.
3.4.2 Disconnect the pipes from the components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Why are three rather than two junctions required for
valve V1 and valve V6?
A 3/2-way valve must have two vents and one inlet.
Each valve must have two inlets and one outlet.
A 3/2-way valve must have an inlet, outlet and vent.
Both valves should be shut.
4. Pressing valve V1 and valve V6 separately does not
operate the cylinder since:
They are disconnected.
Valve V1 inlet is connected to the valve V6 outlet.
Valve V6 outlet is connected to the valve V1 inlet.
Both valves must be in the open position.
PN-2100 3-1
LESSON No. 3: DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER

LAB OBJECTIVES
1. A 5/3-way lever-operated, closed center
2. A three position control circuit
 Explain how a 5/3 way lever-operated, closed-center valve
operates.
 Explain how a double-acting cylinder operates.
 Explain and use a truth table.
 Build a control circuit for a door operated by a double-acting
cylinder.
EQUIPMENT
1 Double-acting cylinder CY2 (PN-2120 panel)
1 5/3-way, directional valve, 3 position, closed center V7 (PN-2120
panel)
1 3/2-way, manual valve spring return with push button V1 (PN- 2110
panel)
1 3/2 mushroom button valve V6 (PN-2130 panel)
DISCUSSION
The piston can move in both directions in a double-acting
cylinder. The movement is caused by compressed air
applied on either side
of the piston, according to the required direction. Double-acting
cylinders are used when it is necessary to obtain advance and
return
movements.
PN-2100 3-2
1. DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

This valve is spring centered, having three operating positions and is lever
operated. When it is not being operated, the valve remains in the center
position with all its ports closed. The valve has five ports: one inlet, two
outlets and two vents.
2. 5/3-WAY DIRECTIONAL VALVE, 3 POSITION, CLOSED CENTER
An interesting application for this valve may be found in a control circuit
for opening and closing heavy doors, where the door has to be held in
different opening positions, e.g. a furnace door, a sliding door, etc.
3. DESCRIPTION
CIRCUIT No. 1: 5/3 – WAY DIRECTIONAL VALVE, 3 POSITION,
CLOSED CENTER
The control circuit for a furnace door is shown in Fig. 3.2.

PN-2100 3-3
CIRCUIT NO. 2 - A THREE-POSITION CONTROL CIRCUIT

In Fig. 3.3 you can see a sliding door that is being driven by double-acting
cylinder.
The control circuit for a sliding door is shown in Fig. 3.4.

PN-2100 3-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Connecting the air supply pipe to port V of valve V1
instead of port P, will cause:
Blocking of the piston while extended.
The piston to move IN and OUT constantly.
The air to issue through port A.
Nothing to happen.
2. If we change visa versa the pipes on the cylinder ports, then:

The cylinder will not be activated.
The cylinder will operate in the opposite direction to the
valve.
The valve will be blocked.
One valve will be needed for both directions.
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic circuit that
should be built on the operation panel.
Activating the simulation according to the instructions, will demonstrate
the circuit operation. Observe it carefully!
2. SAFETY RULES
3. EXERCISE PROCEDURE - CIRCUIT NO. 1
3.1 Familiarization with 5/3-way lever-operated directional valve,
3 position, closed center (V7):
Closed center is obtained when the valve is not activated
(1
position). When the lever is pushed forward, a given air
passage will
open (2 position), while the lever is pulled backward, the
second air
passage will open (3 position).
PN-2100 3-5
3.1.1 Operate the lever in one direction to detect the blocked vent (V) port.
3.1.2 Operate the level in the other direction to detect the second blocked
vent (V) port. Both ports are release vents.
3.1.3 Detect the port which, when connected to the air pressure
with the
valve being operated in both positions, does not permit air to issue
from the vent. This is the pressure inlet port (P).
3.1.4 Allow compressed air into the pressure inlet port and detect, for each
valve operation position, which port does not let air out. The two ports
(A, B) which allow air to emerge are the connections to the cylinder.
3.1.5 From the test, determine which valve should be operated to achieve
position B+ and which valve should be operated to achieve position B-.
3.2 Build circuit 1 according to figure 3.2.
PN-2100 3-6
3.2.1 Connect the pressure inlet port to one of the air supply
outlets and
open the air supply valve.
3.2.2 Connect the cylinder connections to the valve outlet ports.
3.2.3 From the valve test, determine the cylinder position for each valve
operation condition.
3.2.4 Operate the valve to a given position and compare the
results with
your findings in the previous paragraph.
3.3 Disassemble the circuit:
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is
no
pressure in the pipes before disconnecting components.
4. EXERCISE PROCEDURE - CIRCUIT NO. 2

4.1 Build circuit 2 according to figure 3.4.
4.1.1 Connect the air outles of valves V1 and V6 to both cylinder ports.
V1 will operate B+, and V6 will operate B-.
4.1.2 Connect the pressure inlet of valve V6 to one of the air supply
outlets, and the pressure inlet of valve V1 to another air supply outlet.
PN-2100 3-7
4.2 Operating the control circuit:

4.2.1 Press valve V1 only and verify that the cylinder moves out (performs B+).
4.2.2 Press valve V6 only and verify that the cylinder returns.
4.2.3 Press valve V1 only and take the cylinder out as far as the middle of
its travel.
Release valve V1 and try to move the cylinder manually back and forth.
4.2.4 Press valves V1 and V6 simultaneously and observe the result.
no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Can the piston be shifted by exerting a force on the
piston rod when the piston is caught somewhere in the
middle of its stroke (the cylinder operated by 5/3-way
valve)?
Yes, easily.
No, this is impossible.
Yes, but only marginally.
This position is unobtainable.
4. When the 5/3-way valve is in the released position, the

outlet ports to the cylinder are:
Both are closed.
Only one is open.
Both are open.
Disconnected.
PN-2100 4-1
LESSON No. 4: OPERATION OF 5/2-WAY DOUBLE PILOT VALVE
LAB OBJECTIVES
This exercise will enable you to :
 Explain how a direct operating system, containing a double-acting cylinder, can be
improved by the addition of a memory element.
 Explain the effect and the use of an air spring.
 Build the system according to a given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110
panel)
1 3/2-way, mushroom button valve V6 (PN-2130)
1 Double-acting cylinder CY2 (PN-2120)
1 5/2-way double pilot valve V2 (PN-2130)
1 T distributor (connector)
DISCUSSION
5/2-WAY DOUBLE PILOT VALVE
This valve is operated by compressed air from alternate sides.
When activated from one side, the valve holds its position until
receiving an impulse from the other side.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. If you connect the outlet port of valve V6 to the - side of
valve V2, and the outlet port of V1 to the + side of V2,
then:
Blocking of the piston while extended.
The control circuit will function in reverse.
The piston will not move.
The piston will lock in the B+ position.
The piston will lock in the B- position.
PN-2100 4-2
2. Is it possible to reach a position in which the piston could be

moved back and forth manually?
Yes, but only marginally.
Yes, without any effort.
No, it is not possible.
Yes, but only to one side.
2. SAFETY RULES
The control layout of the press as given in exercise 2, was
modified to improve its performance. A 5/2-way, double
pilot valve was added to the two familiar, 3/2-way valves.
The control layout is shown in figure 4.1.
PN-2100 4-3
3.1 Description
3.2. Familiarization with the 5/2-way double pilot valve:
3.2.1 Observe the 5/2-way double pilot valve V2 and try to locate the air
control ports, pressure inlet, two air release ports and two cylinder connections.
3.2.2 Connect the pressure inlet to one of the air supply juncions.
3.2.3 Connect one of the control inlets to the air pressure and locate the air-releasing
(vent) port.
3.2.4 Disconnect the air pressure from the control inlet and connect
it to the
other inlet.
3.2.5 Each control inlet allows air to flow from the pressure inlet to
only
one of the outlets.
3.3. Assembling the control circuit:
3.3.1 Connect the operating valve V2 outlets to the cylinder inlets and the
pressure inlet to the air supply.
3.3.2 Connect the control valve V6 pressure inlet to the air supply
and the
outlet to the valve V2 control in order to obtain B-.
3.3.3 Connect the control valve V1 pressure inlet to the air supply and the
outlet to the valve V2 control, in order to obtain B+.
3.4 Activating the control circuit:
3.4.1 Activate valve V1 and verify that the piston moves to the B+ position.
3.4.2 Activate valve V6 and verify that the piston moves to the B- position.
3.5.1 Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
PN-2100 4-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Depressing one of the control valves (V1 or V6) briefly, will
cause:
The piston to move slightly and stop.
The piston to complete its stroke.
The piston to remain stationary.
The piston to move exactly to the middle of its stroke.
PN-2100 5-1
LESSON No. 5: OPERATION OF A CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH AN AIR

SPRING – USING A CHECK VALVE
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the air spring effect and its uses.
 Explain the functioning and use of the check valve.
 Build a control circuit that uses an air spring.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 Double-action cylinder CY3 (PN-2120 panel)
1 Check valve Cv (PN-2110 panel)
2 Pressure gauges
DISCUSSION
CHECK VALVE
A check valve is a device that can completely block flow in one
direction, while allowing flow in the opposite direction.
One-directional flow blocking is effected using cones, balls,
plates, or diaphragms.
PN-2100 5-2
2. SAFETY RULES
2.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 1 bar.
3.1 A double-acting cylinder and an air spring control layout were installed
in the press shown in Fig. 5.1.
3.2 Build the control circuit according to Figure 5.1.
Note: Control valve V1 is operated directly from the pressure
line.
The check valve is fed from the air supply outlet.

3.3.1 Operate the control circuit by pressing and then releasing valve V1.
3.3.2 Observe the pressure differences on the two pressure gauges.
3.3.3 Note the piston movement. Try to move it by hand.
3.3.4 Adjust the pressure regulator on the air supply to maximum pressure.
3.3.5 Operate the control circuit again.
3.3.6 Observe the pressure differences on the two pressure gauges.
PN-2100 5-3
3.3.7 Note the piston movement. Try to move it by hand.

Note the difference in the force needed to move the piston.
3.4 Disassembly the circuit:
3.4.1 Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
pressure in the pipe, before disconnecting components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The air spring effect will be stronger when:
The pressure difference is reduced.
The pressure difference is increased.
The pressure on the piston head is higher then the
pressure beneath the head.
The pressure on the piston head is lower then the
pressure beneath the head.
2. It is impossible to reach a position where there is no air spring

effect at all, as:
There is no way to equalize the pressure on both sides of the
piston.
The pressure above the piston head will always be
less than the pressure below.
There is a difference between the surfaces on both
sides of the piston.
The piston head surface is smaller than the piston's bottom surface.
PN-2100 6-1
LESSON No. 6: FLOW CONTROL OPERATION AND USE OF A

FLOWMETER
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the use of a flowmeter.
 Explain the use of a needle valve to control flow.
 Measure valve pressure drop as a function of flow.
EQUIPMENT
1 Flowmeter Fm (PN-2110 panel)
1 Flow control with check valve F1 (PN-2110 panel)
2 Pressure gauges
DISCUSSION
1. THE FLOWMETER
A device that enables us to measure the amount of flow (gas or liquid).
2. THE FLOW CONTROL VALVE
A device that enables us to control a required amount of flow.
3. PRESSURE GAUGE
A gauge for measuring pressure in the appropriate units: lb/sq
in, kg/sq cm, bar, etc.
PN-2100 6-2
2. SAFETY RULES
2.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 2 bar.
3.1 Check the flowmeter (FM)
3.1.1 Examine the flowmeter, detect the pressure inlet, outlet ports and
the needle valve.
3.1.2 Connect the pressure inlet to one of the air supply connections.
3.1.3 Close the needle valve and change the air supply pressure to 6 bars.
Record the flowmeter reading.
3.1.4 Open and close the needle valve and observe the flow changes
measured by the flowmeter.
3.2 Check the flow control by the check valve (F1)
3.2.1 Change the air supply pressure to 2 bars.
3.2.2 Observe the needle valve and try to detect the free flow direction
and that controlled by the needle.
3.2.3 Connect the needle valve to one of the air supply outlets, in order
to control the flow of air.
3.2.4 Close the needle valve and then, open it again. Observe the flow change.
Note: Inverted connection of the needle valve will not impede flow
control.
PN-2100 6-3
3.3. Assemble the control circuit that consists of a flow control valve, a
flowmeter and two pressure gauges as shown in figure 6.1.
3.4. Activating the control circuit:
3.4.1 Open the needle valve in flowmeter (FM) completely.
3.4.2 Close needle valve (F1) completely.
3.4.3 Adjust the pressure on the air supply to 6 bars.
3.4.4 Set needle valve (F1) in four different opening positions (fully closed,
1 turn open, 2 turns open, 3 turns open and 4 turns open).
3.4.5 Measure pressure difference between gauges (P1) and (P2) for
each
position. The recorded difference is marked as ∆ P. Measure the
quantity of the air flow.
3.4.6 Repeat the above procedure, reducing the pressure to 5 bars, 4 bars, 3
bars, 2 bars and 1 bar.
3.4.7 Fill in the following measuring table, according to the valve opening
positions.
Air Position Position Position Position Position
supply A B C D E
pressure Flow ∆P Flow ∆P Flow ∆P Flow ∆P Flow ∆P
6 bars 0 6
5 bars 0 5
4 bars 0 4
3 bars 0 3
2 bars 0 2
1 bar 0 1
PN-2100 6-4
3.4.8 Observe the ∆P - flow graph for each air supply pressure.
Position B: yellow Position C: red

Position D: blue Position E: cyan
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Closing the needle valve F1 will:
Increase the air flow.
Reduce the air flow.
Not change the air flow.
Not effect the air flow at all.
2. Will a high ∆P effect the air flow?
Yes it will increase it.
Yes it will reduce it.
No it will not effect the air flow.
Yes it will change the flow direction.
3. In order to increase ∆P, the needle valve should be:
Closed.
Open.
Reversed.
Unchanged.
PN-2100 7-1
LESSON No. 7: SPEED REGULATION METHOD OF SINGLE-ACTION

CYLINDER INLET AND OUTLET CONTROL
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the pneumatic speed regulation method of
a single-action cylinder, by flow inlet and flow
outlet control.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve spring return with push button
V1 (PN-
2110 panel)
2 Flow controls with check valves F1 and F2 (PN-2110 panel)
1 Flowmeter FM (PN-2110 panel)
2 Pressure gauges
DISCUSSION
Sometimes, it is necessary to regulate the movement of a
single-acting, spring return cylinder. One way, is by using flow
control with check valves.
By inserting one control in the inlet line and the other in the
outlet line, piston movement can be regulated in both
directions.
The control circuit of a single-acting cylinder with speed

regulation is shown in Fig. 7.1.
PN-2100 7-2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The flow control valve F2 regulates:
The A- speed of the piston.
The A+ speed of the piston.
The amount of piston movement.
The air pressure.
2. The flow control valve F1 regulates:

Regulates the A- speed of the piston.
Regulates the A+ speed of the piston.
Has no function at all.
Blocks the air inlet into the valve V1.
PN-2100 7-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Check that needle valves F1 and F2 are vis-a-vis free and control
flow directions.
3.2 Build the flow control circuit according to figure 7.1.
3.3 Operating the circuit:
3.3.1 Open both needle valves F1 and F2 completely.
3.3.2 Close valve F1 slightly and press V1. Check the piston speed
and
release V1. Recheck the piston speed.
3.3.3 Repeat the previous step, partially (turning by a quarter turn)
opening valve F1 each time until final opened. Check the piston
speed in every step.
3.3.4 Leave the flow control valve F1 fully opened and close valve F2
slightly and press V1. Check the piston movement and observe the
pressure gauges.
3.3.5 Repeat the previous step, partially (turning by a quarter turn)
opening valve F2 each time until final opened. Check the piston
speed in every step.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there
are no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting
components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. The air flow indicated by the flowmeter is effected by:
The needle valve F1.
The needle valve F2.
The 3/2 valve V1.
Both of the needle valves.
PN-2100 7-4
4. If valve F2 is connected upside down, then:

The piston will not move at all.
The piston will move very slowly.
The flowmeter will indicate no flow.
The piston movement to A- will be unregulated.
PN-2100 8-1
LESSON No. 8: SPEED REGULATION OF A DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the speed regulation method of a double-
acting cylinder.
 Explain the use of a needle valve for regulation.
 Build the control circuit.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 5/2 way, double pilot valve V2 (PN-2130 panel)
2 Flow controls with check valves, F1 and F2 (PN-2110 panel)
DISCUSSION
Sometimes, it is necessary to control and regulate the piston
speed of a double-acting cylinder.
To do so in this exercise, you'll be using two needle valves.
Regulating the needle valves will enable you to control the
piston speed, either toward B+ or backward B-.
The control circuit of the double-acting cylinder with valve and
two speed regulators is shown in figure 8.1.
PN-2100 8-2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. If valve F1 is turned over, then:
The piston will move toward B- only.
The piston will move toward B+ only.
The piston will lock in the middle of its stroke.
The piston will be blocked in the B+ position.
2. The check valve F2 is meant to:

Block the air inlet into the valve V2.
Release air quickly, when the piston moves toward B+.
Force the air through the needle valve port.
Do nothing at all in this particular exercise.
PN-2100 8-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Check the flow control of the one way needle valves F1
and F2
and verify the free and controlled flow directions.
3.2 Build the control circuit according to Figure 8.1. Make
sure that
the valves are oriented in the correct direction.
3.3.1 Close both needle valves F1 and F2 completely.
3.3.2 Open valve F2 slightly and press the button of valve V1 to operate
the piston B+ and V6 to operate piston B-.
3.3.3 Observe the piston movement. The piston moves forward, but
doesn't move backward.
3.3.4 Open valve F1 and press the mushroom button to move the piston back.
3.3.5 Observe the piston movement.
3.3.6 Operate the circuit using different opened positions of
flow control
valves F1 and F2 and observe the piston movements.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and
there is no pressure in the pipe, before disconnecting
components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Reversing valve F2 will cause:
The piston to lock in position B-.
The piston to lock in position B+.
Unregulated speed toward the B- position.
Unregulated speed toward the B+ position.
PN-2100 9-1
LESSON No. 9: OPERATION OF A SEMI-AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC

CONTROL SYSTEM
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the operation of a semi-automatic pneumatic control circuit.
 Build a semi-automatic pneumatic control circuit.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN- 2110 panel)
1 5/2-way, double pilot valve V2 (PN-2130 panel)
1 3/2-way, roller valve spring return LV5 (PN-2140 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. 3/2-WAY ROLLER VALVE, SPRING RETURN
The construction and the function of the 3/2-way spring
returned, roller valve is similar to the familiar 3/2-way
valve, with the exception that the roller type is equipped
with a lever and a roller.
This type of valve is usually operated by the movement of the piston.
2. DESCRIPTION
A semi-automatic pneumatic control enables a pneumatic circuit to be
driven through one cycle only, for each operation.
Each time valve V1 is operated, the piston will travel and then immediately
retract to the B- position.
Figure 9.1 describes a control system for operation of a semi-automatic

cycle.
PN-2100 9-2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Exchanging the air pipes that are connected to the cylinder will
cause:
The piston to function in a reverse cycle.
The piston to lock in the middle of its stroke.
The piston to lock in the B+ position.
Nothing to happen.
2. Reverse connection of the air control pipes to valve V2 will cause:

The piston to remain in position B-.
The piston to move to and lock in position B+.
The piston to function normally.
The circuit to become an automatic circuit.
PN-2100 9-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Checking valve LV5:
Before using valve LV5, check it and locate the pressure
inlet, air
outlet and vent port.
3.1.1 Valve LV5 is blocked by valve 1 according to the procedure
described in lesson 1.
3.1.2 Make sure that the piston rod is not pressing against valve LV5.
3.1.3 Air pressurize each of the two valve ports. The blocked port
corresponds to the pressure inlet.
Note: the vent port is located under the lever arm.
3.1.4 Connect the pressure inlet to one of the air supply outlets.
3.1.5 Manually press the pulley in order to operate the valve. Air pressure
will materialize through a particular port - the outlet port.
3.2 Build the semi-automatic control circuit according to figure 9.1.
3.3 Operate the circuit:
3.3.1 Press valve V1 momentarily. Observe the piston
movement, it has
to move to B+, B-.
3.3.2 Press valve V1 continuously. Observe the piston movement, it has
to stop in position B-, until the push button V1 is released.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there
are no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting
components.
PN-2100 9-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Momentarily operating valve V1 will cause the piston to move

toward B+ and then backwards to B-:
The piston has air via LV5 to complete the stroke.
When the piston has not activated valve LV5.
This cannot happen.
There must be an air leak in the system.
PN-2100 10-1
LESSON No. 10: AUTOMATIC CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH A DOUBLE-

ACTING CYLINDER
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function of a control circuit with a
double-acting cylinder.
 Build an automatic control circuit operating with
one double-acting cylinder.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110 panel)
2 3/2-way, roller valves,spring return LV4 and LV5 (PN-2140 panel)
DISCUSSION
An automatic control circuit is necessary to operate a machine
that can dispense items consecutively and stop automatically
when no more items are available.
Two 3/2-way roller valves and a manual push button must be
combined, operated by the item-dispensing piston. The sensors
are simulated as item 1 is valve V1 and item 2 is roller valve
LV5.
System for a machine supplying items one by one is shown in figure 10.1.
PN-2100 10-2
The control circuit is shown in figure 10.2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. With valve V1 located between the air supply and the pressure inlet
of valve LV4:
The order of operation will be reversed.
The piston will stop at the B+ position.
The order of operation will not change.
The piston will stop at the B- position.
PN-2100 10-3
2. With valve V1 located between valve LV5 and control B-:

The piston will stop in the middle of its stroke.
The circuit will not operate.
The piston will complete one cycle only.
The action order will change to B- B+ instead of B+ B-.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Check valves V1, LV4 and LV5, detecting:
* Pressure inlet port
* Outlet port
* Vent port
3.2 Check valve V2 and detect:

* Cylinder outlet ports
* Vent ports
* Control B+ and control B- ports
3.3 Build the control circuit according to figure 10.2.
3.4 Study the control circuit and try to understand how it operates and
its sequence of operations.
PN-2100 10-4
3.5 Operate the control circuit.

3.5.1 Press valve V1 momentarily (To simulate the last item in storage).
Observe the piston movement.
3.5.2 Press valve V1 continuously (To simulate there are items in the storage).
Observe the piston movement.
3.5.3 Check the action cycles against your experiments with the simulation.
3.6 Disassembly the pneumatic control circuit:
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there are
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Switching the air supply pipes to the cylinder will cause:
The circuit not to operate.
The piston to lodge in the B+ position.
The circuit to function normally.
The piston to move one cycle only.
PN-2100 11-1
LESSON No. 11: A GRINDING MACHINE- PNEUMATIC CONTROL

CIRCUIT
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the construction and the operation of a
grinding machine - pneumatic control circuit.
 Build the control circuit needed for the grinding
machine.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110
panel)
2 3/2-way, roller valves, spring return LV1 and LV2 (PN-2140 panel)
1 T distributor
DISCUSSION
In order to regulate the position of the piston (C), accurately and
independently of force changes, an integrated position control unit is used.
A similar control circuit will be studied in the following exercise.
The system for a grinder driven by pneumatic cylinder is shown in figure
11.1.
PN-2100 11-2
The pneumatic control circuit is shown in figure 11.2.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Connecting valve LV1 to C- of valve V2 and valve LV2 to C+
of valve V2, will cause:
The control circuit not to function.
The piston to move to the C+ position and then stop.
The control circuit to continue functioning as before.
The piston to stop in the middle of its stroke.
PN-2100 11-3
2. Switching valves LV1 and LV2 will cause:

The circuit to function in reverse.
No change.
The piston to lock in the C- position.
The piston to lock in the C+ position.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Study the control circuit in figure 11.2. Try and understand its operation
mode and action cycle.
3.2 Check each of the valves.
3.4 Operate the control circuit:
3.4.1 Press the valve V1 momentarily and observe the piston movement.
3.4.2 Repeat the 3.4.1 step several times.
3.4.3 Press the valve V1 continuously and observe the piston movement.
3.4.4 Repeat the 3.4.3 step several times and note the piston cycles.
3.5 Compare your findings with the simulation.
PN-2100 12-1
LESSON No. 12: A SENSOR INTEGRATED CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH A

DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Understand sensor integrated control circuit operation.
 Build a pneumatic, sensor integrated control circuit, with a
double-acting cylinder.
 Perform simple condition analysis.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110 panel)
1 3/2-way manual valve V3 (PN-2130 panel)
DISCUSSION
Figure 12.1 shows a control circuit for a machine that dispenses
items consecutively.
This control circuit is similar to the circuit described in lesson
10, with the addition of two sensors V3 and V6.
PN-2100 12-2
The function of sensor V3 is to ensure that there are items in stock.

The function of sensor V6 is to ensure that no item has already
been dispensed.
Once sensor V3 has detected an item in stock and sensor V6
detected that no item has already been dispensed, a new item
will be supplied.
To conclude, the conditions required for the correct operating cycle are:
1.Sensor V3 is activated.
2.Sensor V6 is deactivated.
3.Valve V1 is activated.
PN-2100 12-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Check all 3/2 valves and detect:
* Outlet port
* Vent port
3.2 Check 5/2 valve and detect:
* Cylinder outlet ports
* Control C+ and control C- ports
* Vent ports
3.3 Review the control circuit given in figure 12.1 to understand its
operation and action cycle.
3.5 Run the control circuit and check the action sequence.
3.5.1 Press valves V1 and V3 and observe the piston operating cycle.
3.5.2 Keeping pressed valves V1 and V3, press V6. Observe the piston
operating cycle.
3.5.3 Press valve V6 and alternately valves V1 and V3. Observe the
piston operating cycle.
3.6 Disassemble the control circuit:
no pressure in the pipe, before disconnecting components.
PN-2100 12-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Valves V1 and V3 were connected in series. Why?
To prevent either one of them failing.
Each valve answers for one direction of movement.
To ensure that cylinder can be operated only when
both valves are activated.
This type of connection does not effect the control circuit action.
2. Why was valve V6 connected opposite to the other valves?

No bearing on this circuit.
To act as a spare valve when needed.
To deliver air when valve V3 is inoperative.
To act as a safety valve.
PN-2100 13-1
LESSON No. 13: AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT WITH A DOUBLE-ACTING

CYLINDER AND TWO OPERATING VALVES
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function of an automatic circuit with a double-
acting cylinder.
 Build the control circuit without reference to a layout or
diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way mushroom button valve V6 (PN-2130 panel)
1 3/2-way, manual valve V3 (PN-2130 panel)
DISCUSSION
A pneumatic control circuit is shown in figure 13.1.
Valves V3 and V6 enable two modes of circuit operation :
* Single cycle
* Automatic operation
PN-2100 13-2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The single cycle mode is enabled by:
The 3/2-way valve V3.
The 3/2-way valve V6.
The 3/2-way roller valve LV1.
The 3/2-way roller valve LV2.
2. Pressing both valves, V3 and V6, simultaneously will cause:

The piston to move to the C- position and stop.
The piston not to move at all.
The piston will perform a continuous cycle.
No change in circuit operation.
PN-2100 13-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Study the control circuit shown in figure 13.1.
3.3.1 Press valve V6 and observe the piston movement.
3.3.2 Press valve V3 and observe the piston movement.
3.3.3 Find out why the C1 position is the basic position of the piston?
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Can the piston be halted in the C- position?
Yes. Releasing valve V3 will stop the piston in any
position.
No. The piston will always stop in the C+ position.
Yes. Pressing valve V6 will halt the piston in the C-
position.
Yes. If both valves are activated.
PN-2100 14-1
LESSON No. 14: A RESERVOIR FOR TIME DELAY IN A PNEUMATIC

CIRCUIT
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Describe a control circuit with delay based on the pressure forming principle.
 Decsribe a control circuit with pneumatic delay and integrated limit valves.
 Build a control circuit with time delay, independent of limit valves.
 Build a pneumatic delay with integrated limit valves.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 5/2-way, pilot spring return valve V4 (PN-2110 panel)
1 3/2-way, roller valve, spring return LV2 (PN-2140 panel)
1 Reservoir R (PN-2120 panel)
1 Pressure gauge
1 T distributor
1 Stopwatch
DISCUSSION
Sometimes, it is necessary to delay a particular action of a control circuit.
One way, is to use a pneumatic reservoir.
PN-2100 14-2
The circuit shown in figure 14.1 uses a reservoir for delaying the back action
of the piston, forcing it to linger in position B+.
1. DESCRIPTION - CIRCUIT No. 1
Figure 14.2 shows another type of control circuit, using a time

delay reservoir, with an integrated limit valve.
In this control circuit, the time delay reservoir also delays the
reverse movement of the piston to the B- position.
2. DESCRIPTION - CIRCUIT No. 2
PN-2100 14-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3. EXERCISE PROCEDURE CIRCUIT No. 1

3.1 Study the control circuit in figure 14.1, to understand its operation.
Note : Valve V4 is a 5/2-way air-spring operated valve,
converted
into a 3/2-way air-spring operated valve, by closing a port
and the
way it's connected to the system.
3.3 Operate the control circuit and compare its performance to your
findings in para. 3.1.
3.3.1 Fully open the flow control valve and press valve V1. Observe the
piston movement speed. The piston move fast without any visible delay.
3.3.2 Fully close the flow control valve and press valve V1. Observe the
piston movement. The piston is locked in position C+.
3.3.3 Open with 1/8 turn the flow control valve position, press valve V1
and observe the piston movement. Record the value of pressure P1
when piston starts to move backward:
P= bars
PN-2100 14-4
3.3.4 Open the flow control valve position by 2/8 of a turn, press valve V1
and observe the piston movement.
Please note the relation between the flow rate and the delay.
no
4. EXERCISE PROCEDURE - CIRCUIT No. 2
4.1 Study the control circuit in figure 14.2 to understand its operation.
Note:Valve V4 is a 5/2-way, air-spring operated valve,
converted
into a 3/2-way, air-spring valve.
4.1.1 Compare this control circuit to the previous one.
4.2 Build the control circuit according to the diagram shown in figure 14.2.
4.3 Operate the control circuit and observe the pressure gauge P1.
4.3.1 Fully open (by rotating the adjusting screw) the flow control valve
and press valve V1. Observe the speed of the piston.
4.3.2 Close the flow control valve and press valve V1. Observe the speed
of the piston.
4.3.3 Set the flow control valve by rotating the adjusting screw based on
the table and the measured the time delay for each setting.
4.3.4 Record the measurements in the table:
Position of 1/8 2/8 3/8 4/8 5/8 Fully

Valve Turn Turn Turn Turn Turn Openend
Time Delay
(sec)
bnhbn
PN-2100 14-5
4.3.5 Observe the time delay - flow (valve position) graph.

no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Does reservoir size affect time delay?
Yes. But marginally.
No. No effect at all.
Yes. Significantly.
It depends on its location in the circuit.
2. The check valve:

Enables fast reservoir discharge.
Enables rapid piston movement.
Serves as a safety valve.
Serves as an alterative bypass.
PN-2100 15-1
LESSON No. 15: CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH INTEGRATED DELAY

OPERATING ON THE PRINCIPLE OF PRESSURE
DISCHARGE
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain a pneumatic control circuit with integrated delay
operating on the principle of pressure discharge.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit with a pressure discharge
delay.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 5/2-way, pilot spring return valve V4 (PN-2110 panel)
1 3/2-way, roller valve, spring return LV2 (PN-2140 panel)
1 Pressure gauge
1 Reservoir R (PN-2120 panel)
1 T distributor
1 Stopwatch
DISCUSSION
1. 5/2-WAY, SPRING RETURN PILOT VALVE
The 5/2-way, spring return pilot valve is basically very
similar to the 5/2-way, pilot valve, except that the former is
restored to its start position by a spring, rather than by
compressed air.
PN-2100 15-2
Figure 15.1 shows a pneumatic control layout, for the operation of one cylinder
in a semi-automatic way.
The system includes pneumatic delay based on pressure discharge principle.
2. SAFETY RULES
2.1 Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no pressure
in the pipe, before connecting or disconnecting components.
3.1 Study the control circuit in figure 15.1 and try to understand its mode
of operation.
PN-2100 15-3
Pay close attention to the way in which valve V4 is connected and

converted from a 5/2-way, air spring valve to a 3/2-way air-spring valve .
It interrupts the air movement when the valve is operated,
allowing air movement when the valve is released.
3.2 Build the control circuit.
3.3 Operate the control circuit and observe the pisyton movement.
3.3.1 Close the flow control valve F1 and open the air valve on the workstation.
The piston moves to C+ immediatelly.
3.3.2 Press V1 and observe the piston movement. Piston moves backward
to C- and stays in this position because the valve F1 is closed and the
reservoir R can't discharge via the flow control valve.
3.3.3 Fully open the flow control valve F1 and press valve V1. The piston
will move to C- and after a certain time delay moves back to C+.
3.3.4 Set the flow control valve by rotating the adjusting screw based on the
table and the measured time delay for each setting.
PAY ATTENTION TO THE TIME CHANGE COMPARED
WITH THE PREVIOUS OPERATION.
3.3.4 Record the measurements in the table:
Position of 1/8 2/8 3/8 4/8 5/8 Fully
Valve Turn Turn Turn Turn Turn Openend
Time Delay
(sec)
3.3.5 Observe the time delay - flow (valve position) graph.
PN-2100 15-4

Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. When valve V1 is not activated, the piston position will be:
In position B+.
In the middle of its stroke.
In position B-.
Either in position B+ or in B-.
2. The reservoir air is pressurized during the cycle, when:

Valve V1 is activated.
Valve LV2 is pressed by the piston.
Valve V4 is activated.
Valve LV2 is released.
3. Reversing the check valve F1 will cause:

A delay in piston movement from B- to B+.
Operation without any delay.
Delayed operation in both directions.
A delay in the start of operation.
PN-2100 16-1
LESSON No. 16: OPERATION OF TWO CYLINDERS, USED FOR

OPERATING A PRESS
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain a simple, two cylinder control circuit, used for operating a press.
 Explain a simple and safe, two-handed operating system.
 Build the control circuit.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
2 T distributors
DISCUSSION
In figure 16.1, you can see the press and clamping system. The
press is operated by cylinder A. Clamping is operated by
cylinder C.
PN-2100 16-2
The control circuit shown in figure 16.2 is used for operating a press.
This control circuit has three characteristics:

1.It uses cylinder CY3 to clamp the material in position.
2.It uses cylinder CY1 to press the material.
3.It can be operated with both hands only.
PN-2100 16-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Study the control circuit in figure 16.2 and try to understand
how the
system operates.
3.2 Check the following components:
* 5/2-way operating valve V2
* Limit valves LV2 and LV5
* 3/2-way manual valves V1 and V6

3.4 Operate the circuit and verify correct operation.
3.4.1 Press valves V1 and V6 alternately and observe the pistons movements.
3.4.2 Press valves V1 and V6 simultaneously and observe the pistons
movements. Please note the connections of valves V1 and V6
comprise the safety system. Only pressing both valves simultaneously
will operate the circuit !
PN-2100 16-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Why are valves V1 and V6 connected in series?
Valve V1 is on standby in case V6 fails.
To ensure two-handed press operation.
Valve V6 serves as an air passage.
Valve V1 serves as a safety valve.
2. Cylinder CY1 is activated by:

Valve V1.
Valve V6.
Valve LV2.
Valve LV5.
3. Which one of the valves causes piston CY3 to move toward

the
C- position?
Valve V1.
Valve LV2.
Valve V6.
Valve LV5.
PN-2100 17-1
LESSON No. 17: CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH TWO DOULBE-ACTING

CYLINDERS
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the operation of a pneumatic control circuit with two
double-acting cylinders.
 Build the pneumatic control circuit according to figure 17.2.
 Detect failures in similar pneumatic control circuits.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve V3 (PN-2130 panel)
2 Double-acting cylinders CY2 and CY3 (PN-2120 panel)
2 5/2-way, double pilot valves V2 and V5 (PN-2130 panel)
4 3/2-way, roller valves, spring return LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5
(PN-2140 panel)
3 T distributors
DISCUSSION
In figure 17.1 you can see the system comprises two conveyors
and an automatic pneumatic elevator.
The automatic pneumatic elevator lifts packages from conveyor
#1 to conveyor #2.
PN-2100 17-2
The pneumatic control layout for pneumatic elavator operation is shown in

figure 17.2.
When a package reaches the end of conveyor #1, it activates sensor V6,
operating cylinder CY3, which shifts the package to conveyor #2. Cylinder
CY2 then responds by pushing the package on to conveyor #2.
Valve V3 enables the operator to stop the automatic operation of the cycle.
PN-2100 17-3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Check all the valves and detect all the ports.
3.2 Study the circuit in figure 17.2 and try to understand its operation.
3.4.1 Press valves V3 and V6 alternatively. Observe the operation of the
circuit.
3.4.2 Press valves V3 and V6 simultaneously. Observe the operation of
the circuit. You will find the sequence of the circuit is C+, B+, C- and B-.
3.4.3 During the operating cycle deactivate valve V3. Observe the
operation of the circuit. Deactivation of valve V3 will stop the
system operation, so in that case valve V3 operates as an emergency stop.
Note : If the operation of the circuit doesn't follow the above
mentioned sequence, study the diagram again and try to
detect the error(s) that were made setting up the system.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there are no
PN-2100 17-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. With valve V6 inactive, the circuit will:
Activate cylinder C only.
Activate cylinder B only.
Not be activated at all.
Operate in reverse.
2. Valve V5 command direction is changed to C- by:

Valve V6.
Valve LV4.
Valve LV1.
Valve LV5.
3. Reversing the control pipes connected to valve V2 will cause:

The circuit to lock with piston B in the B+ and
piston C in the C- position.
The circuit to lock with piston B in the B- and
piston C in the C+ position.
Both pistons to lock in the B- and C- positions.
Piston C to function in reverse.
PN-2100 18-1
LESSON No. 18: OPERATION OF TWO CYLINDERS IN PARALLEL

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the layout of a control circuit with two cylinders
operating in parallel.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit in which two pistons perform
the back movement simultaneously.
EQUIPMENT

panel)
2 Double-acting cylinders, CY2 and CY3 (PN-2120 panel)
4 3/2-way, roller valves, spring return LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5 (PN-2140
panel)
3 T distributors
DISCUSSION
The control circuit, the subject of this exercise is similar to the
circuit in lesson 17, with the one exception :
In lesson 17 the pistons return to the start position, one after the other.
In this lesson, both pistons return simultaneously.
The system comprises of two conveyors and an automatic
pneumatic elevator. The control circuit is shown in figure 18.1.
PN-2100 18-2
2. SAFETY RULES
3.2 Study the control circuit in figure 18.1 and try to understand its operation.
3.4 Operate the control circuit by pressing valves V1 and V6.
Note : If the control circuit does not function, study the diagram
again or run the simulation.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there are no
pressure
in the pipes before disconnecting components.
PN-2100 18-3
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. When both pistons return simultaneously to the "-" position, you know that:
They are operating in the same direction.
"-" controls on V5 and V2 are connected to the same
pipeline.
V1 and V6 are connected in series.
There are four 3/2 roller valves.
2. Connecting the controls of valve V2 in reverse, will cause:

Piston B to move to B+ and piston C to lock.
Piston C to move to C+ and piston B to lock.
The pistons to operate in opposite directions.
The pistons to operate counteractively.
3. Pressing valve LV2 momentarily by hand, when activating the

circuit will cause:
The system not to move at all.
Piston C to perform one cycle C+ C-.
Piston B to perform one cycle B+ B-.
Piston B to move toward B+.
PN-2100 19-1
LESSON No. 19: OPERATION OF A DOUBLE CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH

TWO CYLINDERS
LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the layout of a control circuit with two cylinders,
subject to a double control problem.
 Build an operative pneumatic control circuit, through solving the double control
problem(s).
EQUIPMENT
panel)
2 Double-acting cylinders, CY2 and CY3 (PN-2120 panel)
4 3/2-way, roller valves, spring return LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5 (PN-2140
panel)
1 3/2 one-way, trip-operated valve LV3 (PN-2140 panel)
3 T distributors
DISCUSSION
1. 3/2 ONE WAY TRIP OPERATED VALVE
Valve operation is similar to that of a limit valve, except that it
does not remain under pressure while the piston is extended.
The piston rod on its way out, presses on the valve, allowing an
air pulse output. The valve is then released by its rocker lever.
PN-2100 19-2
2. DESCRIPTION
The control circuit in figure 19.1, describes a semi-automatic control circuit
used for operating a handling system with two conveyors and a pneumatic
elevator.
Double controls are inserted, to disable the control circuit.
You'll have to locate the double controls and find a solution to cancel their
effect.
The simulation screen will display a control circuit with two double-acting
cylinders. The control circuit includes a number of faults. Your assignment
is to detect these faults and provide a solution.
You'll be required to implement your solution in the circuit that you build on
the pneumatic workstation.
2. SAFETY RULES
PN-2100 19-3
3.2 Study the control circuit is shown in figure 19.1 and try to understand
its operation.
Note: Valve V1 is a standard push button.
3.4.1 Press valve V1. You will discover that the circuit doesn't work.
3.4.2 Detect the two double controls in the circuit.
3.4.3 The first double control is located between C- and C+.
3.4.4 Pressing valve V6 overcomes the double control.
Note:In practice, a "command cut" valve is installed as a
substitute for valve V6. "Command cut" is a reverse time
delay, transferring air briefly before interrupting the flow.
3.4.5 The second double control is between B+ and B-.
3.4.6 In order to overcome the control, replace the limit valve LV2 with a
one-way operated valve LV3 so that cylinder C presses the valve on
its way out, releasing an air pulse.
3.4.7. SCREEN SIMULATION PROCEDURE
This simulation screen displays the corrected pneumatic control

circuit that should be built on the operation panel.
Activating the simulation, will demonstrate the circuit

operation.
Observe it carefully!
Open the simulation screen.
PN-2100 19-4
3.5 Modify the pneumatic control circuit according to figure 19.2:

3.5.1 Replace LV2 by LV3, disconnect inlet P in valve LV2 and transfer
it to inlet P in valve LV3.
3.5.2 Similarly, relocate the hose from outlet A in valve LV2 to
outlet A
in valve LV3.
3.6 Operate the control circuit

3.6.1 There is also double control between "C+" and "C-". To
cancel it, press valve V6 while pressing valve V1.
Note: In reality, a "signal cut-off" valve is installed as a
substitute for valve V6. "Signal cut-off" is a reverse timer,
transferring air for a short time and then interrupting it.
"Signal cut-off" installation converts the circuit to
automatic. The "signal cut-off" demonstration and its use
will be given in the advanced course.
3.6.2 Where B- is not performed, slow down the cylinder C+ speed by a
flow control with a check valve operating at the outlet only (pay
attention to the free flow direction when installing the valve).
3.7 Disassemble the control circuit
PN-2100 19-5
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The number of double controls in the given circuit is:

One.
Two.
Three.
None.
2. Why press on valve V6 to operate the circuit?

To shift piston B toward B-.
To shift piston C from C- to C+.
To release pressure from valve LV4.
Safety considerations.
3. The double control problem of cylinder C is solved by using a 3/2 one

way valve. The valve is located in the circuit:
As a substitute for valve LV5.
As a substitute for valve LV2.
As a substitute for valve V6.
Between valves LV2 and V2.
4. Installing the "command cut" valve in the circuit will convert the circuit to:
A time delayed control circuit.
No change will occur.
A reverse control circuit.
An automatic control circuit.

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PN 2100 COURSE

In the interest of product improvement, circuits, components or values of

First edition printing: 1986

Lesson 2 - Operation of a Single Acting Cylinder 2-1

Lesson 3 - Double Acting Cylinder 3-1

Lesson 4 - 5/2 Way, Double Pilot Valve 4-1

Lesson 5 - Operation of a Control Circuit 5-1

Lesson 6 - Flow Control Operation 6-1

Lesson 7 - Speed Regulation Method 7-1

Lesson 8 - Regulation of a Double Acting Cylinder 8-1

Lesson 9 - Semi Automatic Cylinder Pneumatic Control 9-1

Lesson 10 - Automatic Control Circuit 10-1

Lesson 11 - A Grinding Machine 11-1

Lesson 12 - A Sensor Integrated Control 12-1

Lesson 13 - Automatic Circuit with Cylinder 13-1

Lesson 14 - A Reservoir for Time Delay 14-1

Lesson 15 - Control Circuit with Integrated Delay 15-1

Lesson 16- Operation of Two Cylinders 16-1

Lesson 17- Control Circuit with Two Cylinders in Parallel 17-1

Lesson 18- Operation of Two Cylinders 18-1

Lesson 19- Operation of Double Control with Two Cylinders 19-1

LESSON No. 1: OPERATION OF A 3/2 WAY, MANUALLY-OPERATED,

2. A broken or missing piston spring will cause:

The cylinder is operated by a 3/2-way, manually-operated, spring-return

Figure 1.2 shows the system diagram

4. How is the piston returned?

LESSON No. 2: OPERATION OF A SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDER WITH

LESSON No. 3: DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER

1. DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

The control circuit for a furnace door is shown in Fig. 3.2.

CIRCUIT NO. 2 - A THREE-POSITION CONTROL CIRCUIT

The control circuit for a sliding door is shown in Fig. 3.4.

2. If we change visa versa the pipes on the cylinder ports, then:

4. EXERCISE PROCEDURE - CIRCUIT NO. 2

4.2 Operating the control circuit:

4. When the 5/3-way valve is in the released position, the

LESSON No. 4: OPERATION OF 5/2-WAY DOUBLE PILOT VALVE

2. Is it possible to reach a position in which the piston could be

LESSON No. 5: OPERATION OF A CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH AN AIR

3.3 Activating the control circuit:

3.3.7 Note the piston movement. Try to move it by hand.

2. It is impossible to reach a position where there is no air spring

LESSON No. 6: FLOW CONTROL OPERATION AND USE OF A

Position B: yellow Position C: red

LESSON No. 7: SPEED REGULATION METHOD OF SINGLE-ACTION

The control circuit of a single-acting cylinder with speed

2. The flow control valve F1 regulates:

4. If valve F2 is connected upside down, then:

LESSON No. 8: SPEED REGULATION OF A DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER

2. The check valve F2 is meant to:

LESSON No. 9: OPERATION OF A SEMI-AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC

Figure 9.1 describes a control system for operation of a semi-automatic

2. Reverse connection of the air control pipes to valve V2 will cause:

3. Momentarily operating valve V1 will cause the piston to move

LESSON No. 10: AUTOMATIC CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH A DOUBLE-

The control circuit is shown in figure 10.2

2. With valve V1 located between valve LV5 and control B-:

3.2 Check valve V2 and detect:

3.5 Operate the control circuit.

LESSON No. 11: A GRINDING MACHINE- PNEUMATIC CONTROL

The pneumatic control circuit is shown in figure 11.2.

2. Switching valves LV1 and LV2 will cause:

LESSON No. 12: A SENSOR INTEGRATED CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH A