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SECTION 8.1 Beam Diagrams and Formulas The following beam diagrams and formulas have been found useful in the design of welded steel structures. Proper signs, positive (+) and negative (—), are not necessarily indicated in the formulas. The following are suggested: Shear diagram above reference line is (+) rit yt Shear diagram below reference line is (—) Reaction to left of (+) shear is upward (-+) Reaction to left of (—-) shear is downward (—) Reaction to right of (-+) shear is downward (—) Reaction to right of (—) shear is upward (++) Moment above reference line is (-+) Compressive bending stresses on top fibers also tends to open up a comer connection tends to ‘open corner Moment diagram on same side as compressive stress Moment below reference line is (—) Compressive bending stresses on bottom fibers also tends to close up a comer connection ‘Angle of slope, @ clockwise rotation (—), counter-clockwise rotation (+) On the next page is a visual index to the various beam diagrams and formulas. As indi- cated, these are keyed by number to the type of beam and by capital letter to the type of load. For some conditions, influence curves are included to illustrate the effect of an important variable. These are keyed to the basic beam diagram and are positioned as close as practical to the diagram, 81-1 B.1-2 / Reference Design Formulas VISUAL INDEX TO FORMULAS ON FOLLOWING PAGES FOR VARIOUS BEAM-LOAD CONDITIONS z i ri igo | —t— | OMIM | OM | oom G. incre fore) Unerm lod | Uailorn tod | Vong lod | Cont Bea sea | ene © ® ® — ; a i ig « Oy i ie ey t Simply supported | 3a ”, Fy ea? | IR 2c | on ag | a s rah pie My My vvvots | say = we Sy (cummata: l Leet [uel | HD oo with overhong a. Toaighinadl: a oe [Sere Beam Formulas / 81-3 (oar + WEE + = 9 pus sayy os [ela £2)- @— Deve — oe = 19 a xeon eT Aarne (et oe DY =~ 7 ‘spue ay TMs? = sTIgOEY _ abety — 219) SHE = og 11.09 = soya 9 TAY ab kezn: zn—4 ms spquao 07 Aqunzoynun Suyseaxour “peoy Buys spuo qyoq 1 poyioddns wag, ome WO abet 1 or i a pe A luods axpiua 1940 poy w0yt4, spue yoq 3 parioddns wreag, © 81-8 / Reference Design Formulas (2 Hoddns appr 39) arydagr + = omy wydosr + = 94 uy doze: + = A andes sg (@ ‘woddns oyppru yw quouour axe Fou) raed get = wer =a us =e ‘uot ysv9] st quourout Supuag uIMLATEpY Pe © (ummaarxeut jo oa uns 028 soa OL) 9 oy, (ast Bama Las, + 64-41) LEB oy oo _, 2 cd So aw 4 4 fae @ (posapisuos faurd jo traptas = ur ‘ed ‘ounssard = d) 7 aed uo se|NUnIO} 098 O8TY (ueeis: = x98) GUL + eM OT ~ 8) ‘UsddOH UO Nid “UNV JO HOIS OL GATTdaV SVINWYOd WYSE Values of Ky +9 +7 +6 +5 Influence Lines Beam Formulas / 8.1-9 Effect of locetion of middle support @2) upon reactions (R) and moments (Mf) — on Ry M=KWL Maa right span 5 50 55 60 65 70 Position (o) of middle support Rp 75 +05 +04 +03 +02 +01 -1 02 04 05 Values of K, (moment) B.1-10 / Reference Design Formulas (ox + 31g ~ 8) (ox 9e~ ey Bae + 1 (F-1) 5-96 a @)) dot)w= gh -scim 7 ~ a9 _ TK ‘sxaqu0 9 ise = EE FV Wats aR 1g91 car- ps ay ‘sansa 9y Ba ; E- = mwa e_\ise__.., Geena) ae ee = -q=x sue >en sh h-aaaw (apig) EE we — 21) WW - eer Senge ew jase Ww Tues % er-a9)4 BF Ag 1az6r vid am taw e1>xeuy =p myuao ay aS ‘spa a8 WN pu saque0 1 ua A aay oo oe a eee spuo coq 4 poxy ureagy a ayn aan a =, ! es, ew : ba jyaod Suw yw pode yuaunoyy pao oq 8 porroddns wag pup auo 28 peda suasnoyy pte qiog 48 patioddas wveq, Beam Formulas / 8.1-11 tem>e power = Sims) fel toe (orr—noFB8= 9 ewe rapes TH cea pus oxo2 = WW eres peony joie joc Grn =e wy eet eae Se eee peur eran wasvorge ates meas TE ones o sau) oe } Pea Daw peo 139 ' mea onto ay | a xy=4 e > x ua aay ey een ao eae Se eee Ct Wee TieWoR AS TNO pur y xe ae i aoa aan z Sree i Dadeapmiba ca: fot nae reg, = 9 ae wou “1 = Buoy YY = q>euaynxey | a i : zs i SS ee aco a ) oe j (sey) 7 e mea tas nr a>euounxey "A = OE auyod Aue 48 poot ane ppue qove 20 paride syuowoyy ‘spup y09 1 Paxy UO, ‘spu 09 9 parzoddns treo 81-12 / Reference Design Formules Values of Ky © +15 Influence Lines Effect of position of force (F) upon moments Mg, My, Mg and upon Aymax “Fm +10 +05 =05 A max ‘Amex -15 3; als le 2 Position (a} of applied force F 001 902 03 004 005 Values of K, (moment) Beam Formulas / 81-13 on ta we |" * JW 30 anos ua4s8 405 x Jo anyws Puy OY, awe, Wt CW o=0w--w4[1+ Bm yy sy +e nw i, Tt WwW = x ueyyy x xp EB ag ravae aa SHE eg rao sy a (o-oo t=y fel aonry : as aa er ‘y pee TT a Fem patina 2) 5 ! (ems ese ’ ‘ ayoasu tuads esque xan0 pooy won, ‘spua (q0g ae paxy NER {lernentaas oa0H a Wt CW Wad) Z = IN 1 ¢ twa tad) P= we > xeon Sy 7 1 WW of Ww Tay "A= +ygr (squewow jo suits reno 967) ter a Ae thar aaron T 25) . r me b) ayers ——14y ujod Aue ye pro} payesyueDU0 spue yoq 2e paurensar Sepsed puw payioddns wreog, uuvds arpua 940 pooy wos) turvaq snonunues 8 Jo uorod y sspue yo 3” pouresysar Ayjenzed puv poyioddns weog 81-14 / Reference Design Formulas 1a Vo vege =v woys eT WST9T0 7 Honoayop unui senza (eg- D TSS ~ =ay “194899 on (we-Dataee]e— =a sua a 1 192 (eag-aetre— ee) RE ay ex Pies a WATER es Heke (Rt ‘e 1) Sas a > x wy HUAI ay O/T OH We Te aert= er x UUM @e-1d sag7 = wg = wwe = A= ggg 10d Suv ye poydde quawropy spuo (og 30 poy. UrvO (exp — excay + yet) EE = oy Ut) > Bama Lennart ner aay OED (orn + eye) Bay o> x uo enemys yey tO > ING won k-mut ne OF D2 EE xa We xu e& e)ar t= uN +eqa—Thn =H rele 96 + 1) al HE = og = fo a= Se om (e — 9.46 + ae] SE =n = ‘ueds sono painqunstp Aqenzed peo] uztoyiu9, SPUD Y0g 8 Poxy UID, @ +10 +9 +4 +3 +2 Values of K Influence Lines Effect of position of moment (Mo) upon M,Mz, M+ and M- Beam Formules / 8.1-15 (1 inverted 1 T M F moment diogrom L L m4 a ee Position () of moment M, a 10 1-16 / Reference Design Formulas *W qwewous Jo (0) uowseg wor ooted unary 205 our souonnt Gr) Beam Formulcs / 8.1-17 enaat =9 ec xuoUy anrseun anv iawn memes ee ne ie etre ‘pu soyjo ou 38 poyroddns puv pus ouo ye paxy wuagy 1-18 / Reference Design Formulas (ea + [0 —x) (090 1a9 = (ae—partee—Dwel Say og 4 9) Sruount mt (ee—eopay EM any (A> XING sarge (ere eta SE ay OO ave [ect + gas + @1e— rw sy eeu, ee > xanq (am x= Wg 4 0) xu: (x a- ey Paka exam “proyay ace miaue, ar uays Gerere a taateyqed — Y a Sind woong sd Sam pet pee) oy ‘fusgrao Yau “uveq porioddns Ajduuts “weds of 81-20 / Reference Design Formulas "rae" = P30 yxsuoy [P09 X Loe" =v WOU ‘soqus0 av ‘spw av + cle ‘urwoq aunua J0x0 ppoy wo; ‘spus yjoq ye Suuwquono ‘uwoq weds aug ©) eT 61990" = FW = NT PL = HOU, aye (1-18 +e) Ee ‘puo 92a 3 1a (x4 ROP 89 + TTIW Seg = NV “Beoson0 tog ve (xen + tae ort arie-vge = y ‘spoddns woomag, dexm oy Za ery stumuoso ang (rx— 2 ey TE = reodanewoomeg mae au Pog Or (3-a)§-2 esyanan Houmas le et en etn en ern en taeae z we-ey eaye eras urvaq espa z0A0 pepo} uO; Suaqsaso Yat ‘wwoq payioddne <\duns ‘weds ous Beam Formulas / 8.1-21 rave (ext eny eg +120) AEE = my guequago soa, Gr — =>y ‘suoddns usemyeg (etry amy pmennsy TagAst_ oe TY BAsT=R os nec me tems mise 12 z = winiodarswowen Tf “Ww ay aap az Sq +o ge =at asa gemcmno w pera G3) Fuvys0s0 yous ‘uwaq porsoddns

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