Table of Contents
Topic Page #
1.1 Introduction 2
2. Barrages of Pakistan 6
Barrages of Pakistan
References 19
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The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period
2600–1900 BCE) that was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent,
consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Flourishing around
theIndus River basin, the civilization primarily centred along the Indus and the Punjab region,
extending into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab. Geographically,
the civilization was spread over an area of some 1,260,000 km², making it the largest ancient
civilization in the world.
The Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, along with its contemporaries,
Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a population
of well over five million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques
in metallurgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving) and produced copper, bronze,
lead, and tin. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and
multistoried houses.
The Indus Valley has been the host to one of the most ancient civilization of human
history, the Indus Valley Civilization. After the extinction of the Indus Civilization, new
settlements especially in doabs grew slowly. New irrigation systems started to evolve.
Inundation canals and small dams were constructed and population grew all around this area.
In order to reduce the occurrence of low irrigation water supply the British authorities, towards
the middle of the last century, started modernizing and expanding the irrigation system of the
Indus Basin.
It is believed that the ancient people of the valley of Indus were outstanding in the field
of agriculture and industry as compared to the civilization of contemporary period in Egypt and
Mesopotamia. The textile crafts made from cotton are living examples of their expertise. Such
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was the glory of the ancient people of Indus valley; perhaps they were the first sedentary
farmers of the world. The richness and wealth of the Indus valley was the greed of the
foreigners. The valley of Indus has always been the cherished goal of the invaders and
conquerors that followed one after another from the northwestern passes through the
mountain ranges. The Aryans, the Iranians, the Graeco-Bactrians, the Parthenians, the Kushans,
the white Huns, Muslims emperors, and Britishers plundered the rich valley of the Indus from
time to time and ruled over the valley and northern India. Entire history of Indus valley reveals
that one invader or another has treaded the present Pakistan. The Muslims of the sub-
continent first tried to shake off a century old rule of British in 1857 and finally succeeded to
drive them away in 1947, and the great valley Indus became part of Pakistan. Pakistan lies
between latitudes 24 degree and 37 degree North and longitudes 61 degree to 76 degree East.
Its surroundings include Iran on the west, Afghanistan on the northwest, Gilgit Agency, Azad
Kashmir and disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir lie on the northeast, India on the east
and the Arabian Sea exists on its south.
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In order to fully utilize the river water resources, the IBIS has emerged as the largest contiguous
irrigation system in the world. The IBIS comprises of three large dams, eighty five small dams,
nineteen barrages, twelve inter-river link canals, forty-five canal commands and 0.7 million
tube wells In monetary terms, this network is the biggest infrastructure enterprise of Pakistan
accounting for approximately US$ 300 billion of investment.
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Catchment area of Indus is most unique in the sense that it contains seven (7) of the world’s
highest peaks after Mount Everest.
Among these include the K2 (28,253 ft), Nanga Parbat (26,600 ft), Rakaposhi (25,552 ft) etc.;
Further to above, seven(7) glaciers situated in the Indus catchment are among the largest in the
world, namely, Siachin, Hispar, Biafo, Baltura, Baltoro, Barpu and Hopper.
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Barrages of Pakistan
Fig. 1.2 showing Rivers and respective Barrages constructed across them
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Length 4,436 ft
No. of Bays 53
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Crest Level -
Length 170,560 ft
Jinnah Barrage
Length 3,360 ft
No. of Bays 42
Chashma Barrage
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Length 3,356 ft
No. of Bays 52
Crest Level -
Guddu Barrage
Length 3.840 ft
No. of Bays 64
Sukkur Barrage
Length 4,490 ft
No. of Bays 54
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Kotri Barrage
Length 3000 ft
No. of Bays 44
Length 1,644 ft
No. of Bays 35
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Sidhnai Barrage
Length 712 ft
No. of Bays 15
Length 10,300 ft
Rasool Barrage
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Length 3,209 ft
No. of Bays 42
Length 2,220 ft
No. of Bays 24
Islam Barrage
Length 1,650 ft
No. of Bays 29
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Mailsi Siphon
Length 1,601 ft
No. of Bays 24
Length 4,472 ft
No. of Bays 66
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Length 4,000 ft
No. of Bays 48
Qadirabad Barrage
Length 3,373 ft
No. of Bays 50
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Trimmu Barrage
Length 2,856 ft
No. of Bays 47
Left Portion :5
No. of Under Sluices
Right portion: 6
Main Weir: 477..5
Crest Level
Under Sluice: 472.0 S.P.D
Off taking Canals 3
Punjnad Barrage
Length 2,856 ft
No. of Bays 47
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Length 1,644 ft
No. of Bays 35
Sidhnai Barrage
Length 712 ft
No. of Bays 15
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Discharge
Year of Area
Barrage Year of at Head
S.No Rivers Completion Irrigated Canals
Names Completion
of Barrage in Km2 (cusecs)
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Rasul- Qadirabad
1967 538
Link
Lower Jhelum Canal 1901 150
10 Rasul Jhelum 1967 24,069
LJC Feeder 154
4. Rasul Power
101
Canal
Marala Ravi Link 1956 623
11 Marala Chenab 1968 31,148 2. Upper Chenab
1912 467
Canal
1. Lower Chenab
12 Khanki Chenab 1892 29,732
Canal
1892 326
1. Qadirabad –
13 Qadirabad Chenab 1967 25,485 Balloki Link and LCC 1967 527
Feeder
Trimmu Sidhnai Link 1965 311
14 Trimmu Chenab 1939 18,406 Haveli Canal 1939 183
3. Rangpur Canal 1939 77
Balloki Sulemanki
1954 524
Link
15 Balloki Ravi 1965 63,712
2. Lower Bari Doab
1913 198
Canal
Sidhnai Mailsi Link 1965 286
Sidhnai
16 Ravi 1965 4,709 Mailsi Bahawal Link 1965 110
(New)
3. Sidhnai Canal 1886 127
Eastern Sadiqia
1927 139
Canal
17 Sulemanki Sutlej 1928 9,911 Fodwah Canal 1927 95
3. Upper Pakpattan
1927 169
Canal
U & L Bahawal Canal 1927 132
18 Islam Sutlej 1928 10,987
2. Qaim Canal 1927 213
Punjnad Canal 1335 231
19 Punjnad Chenab 1932
Abbasia Canal 1338 65
Ghazi 1. Ghazi Barotha
20 Indus 2002
Power Channel
2002 132
Barrage
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Refrences
http://uetblogs.com/groups/civil-engineers/
http://www.tbl.com.pk/
http://irrigation.punjab.gov.pk/
http://www.wapda.gov.pk/
http://www.scribd.com/
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