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Dear readers,
This STATIC GK TORNADO is a complete docket of important news and events. The STATIC GK TORNADO is important
and relevant for all competitive exams like – IBPS RRB Mains Exam 2016, NABARD 2016, Insurance and UPSC Exams.
What is Bank?
Bank is a financial institution which deals in debts and credits. It accepts deposits, lends money and also creates money.
It bridges the gap between the savers and borrowers. Banks are not merely traders in money but also in an important
sense manufacturer of money.
Primary banking functions of the banks include:
1. Acceptance of deposits
2. Advancing loans
3. Creation of credit
4. Clearing of cheques
5. Financing foreign trade
6. Remittance of funds
Demonetization :
Withdrawal of a particular form of currency (such as gold coins) from circulation.
On 8th November 2016 GOI made history by taking a striking bold step to demonetize Rs.500 & Rs.1000 note to reform
the finance sector. Making 86 per cent of the currency in circulation illegal in one stroke.
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The Management of RBI : The Executive head of the RBI is called the Governor, who is assisted by 4 Deputy Governors
and other executive officers.
Present Governor of RBI : Dr. Urjit R. Patel is the present governor of RBI. He assumed charge as the 24th Governor
of the Reserve Bank of India.
Four Deputy Governor of RBI : There are 4 Deputy Governors of RBI –
1. Shri N. S. Vishwanathan
2. R Gandhi and
3. S S Mundra.
4. _________
Note : There are 4 Deputy Governors, but one place is vacant at present so the 3 Deputy Governors are R Gandhi, S S
Mundra and N S Vishwanathan
Powers of RBI –
The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 have given the RBI wide powers of:
Supervision and Control over commercial Banks - relating to licensing and establishments,
• branch expansion,
• liquidity of their assets,
• management and methods of working,
• amalgamation (merger)
• reconstruction and liquidation.
Functions of RBI –
Issue of Currency – RBI is the sole authority for the issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes and subsidiary
coins, the magnitude of which is relatively small. The RBI is also called “Bank of Issue”.
Note: The One Rupees notes and coins are issued by the Central Govt., The Ministry of Finance
Banker to the Government – As a Bankers to the Govt. RBI performs the following functions:
(i) It accepts money, makes payment and also carries out their exchange and remittances for the Govt.
(ii) It makes loans and advances to the States and local authorities.
(iii) It also sells treasury bills to maintain liquidity in the economy.
(iv) It makes ways and means advances to the Governments for 90 days.
(v) It acts as adviser to the Government on all monetary and banking matters.
Banker’s Bank – The RBI has extensive power to control and supervise commercial banking system under the RBI Act,
1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 149.
(i) The Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) with RBI.
(ii) The RBI provides financial assistance to scheduled banks and state cooperative banks.
(iii) Enables banks to maintain their accounts with RBI for statutory reserve requirements and maintenance of
transaction balances.
Custodian of foreign exchange reserves – The RBI functions as the custodian and manager of forex reserves, and
operates within the overall policy framework agreed upon with Government of India.
(i) The ‘reserves’ refer to both foreign reserves in the form of gold assets in the Banking Department and foreign
securities held by the Issue Department, and domestic reserves in the form of ‘bank reserves’.
(ii) Foreign exchange reserves are important indicators of ability to repay foreign debt and for currency defense, and
are used to determine credit ratings of nations.
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(iii) Its commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, special drawing rights,(SDRs) and International Monetary
Fund(IMF) reserve positions.
Controller of credit – Credit control is generally considered to be the principal function of Central Bank. By making
frequent changes in monetary policy, it ensures that the monetary system in the economy functions according to the
nation’s need and goals.
(i) It can do so through changing the Bank rate or through open market operations.
(ii) It controls the credit operations of banks through quantitative and qualitative controls.
(iii) It controls the banking system through the system of licensing, inspection and calling for information.
Lender of last resort – Lender of the last resort means “Central Bank (RBI) helps all the commercial and other banks in
time of financial crises.
(i) It can come to the rescue of a bank that is solvent but faces temporary liquidity problems by supplying it with much
needed liquidity when no one else is willing to extend credit to that bank.
(ii) The Reserve Bank extends this facility to protect the interest of the depositors of the bank and to prevent possible
failure of the bank, which in turn may also affect other banks and institutions and can have an adverse impact on
financial stability and thus on the economy.
Objectives of Monetary Policy - The primary objective of central banks is to manage inflation. The second is to reduce
unemployment once inflation has been controlled.
Central bank reduces inflation by raising interest rates, selling securities through open market operations, and other
measures to reduce liquidity.
Instrument of Monetary Policy - There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used in the implementation
of monetary policy.
Open Market Operations (OMOs) - It refers to buying and selling of government securities by RBI in the open market.
It controls the money supply in the economy. When RBI sells govt. securities to banks, the lendable resources of the
latter are reduced and banks are forced to reduce or contain their lending, thus curbing the money supply. When money
supply is reduced, it result increase in the interest rates tends to limit spending and investment.
On the other hand, when RBI buys Govt. securities from banks, their lending resources are higher which in turn
encourage banks to lend more in the market and lending leads to increase in money supply. When money supply is
increased, it result decline in the interest rates tends to promote spending and investment.
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) : It is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. Current CRR is 4%. For
ex - When a bank’s deposits increase by Rs100, and if the cash reserve ratio is 4%, the banks will have to hold additional
Rs 4 with RBI and Bank will be able to use only Rs 96 for investments and lending / credit purpose. Therefore, higher the
ratio (i.e. CRR), the lower is the amount that banks will be able to use for lending and investment.
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) : It indicates the minimum percentage of deposits that the bank has to maintain in form
of gold, cash or other approved securities.
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Note : If SLR increases, banks need to keep more liabilities (deposits) with them and provides less loans to people. If SLR
decreases, banks need to keep fewer liabilities (deposits) with them and provides more loans to people. Changes in SLR
often influence the availability of resources in the banking system for lending to the private sector.
Repo Rate – It is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. It is the
rate of interest which RBI implements on the short term loans, i.e., from a period ranging between 2 days to 3 months
(90 Days). It is used by monetary authorities to control inflation. A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at
a cheaper rate and vice versa.
Reverse Repo Rate – It is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to
lend money to the RBI since their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can
prompt banks to park more funds with the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used by
the RBI to drain excess money out of the banking system.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) - A facility under which scheduled commercial banks can borrow additional amount of
overnight money from the Reserve Bank by dipping into their SLR portfolio up to a limit (currently two per cent of their
net demand and time liabilities deposits) at a penal rate of interest (currently 100 basis points above the repo rate). This
provides a safety valve against unanticipated liquidity shocks to the banking system. MSF rate and reverse repo rate
determine the corridor for the daily movement in short term money market interest rates.
Bank Rate - Bank rate is the rate of interest implemented by RBI when it lends money to a public sector bank on a long
term basis, i.e. from a period ranging from 90 days to 1 year. Under this definition, Bank Rate and Repo Rate seem to
be similar terms because both are the interest rates at which RBI lends money to banks.
However, the Repo Rate is a short-term measure and refers to short-term loans used for controlling the amount of
money in the market, whereas Bank Rate is a long-term measure and is governed by the long-term monetary policies of
the RBI. Bank rate is also referred to as the discount rate and is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on the
loans and advances to a commercial bank.
Under the proposed methodology, the components of Base Rate will include cost of funds, negative carry on CRR/SLR,
un-allocable overhead costs and average return on net worth. It will be effective from 1 April 2016.
Base Rate
• It is defined as the minimum interest rate of a bank below which it is not viable to lend.
• It was introduced on 1 July 2010 by the RBI.
• It replaced the benchmark prime lending rate (BPLR), the interest rate which commercial banks charged their most
credit worthy customer.
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What is SWIFT?
History of Banking in India – Banking system commenced in India with the foundation of Bank of Hindustan in Calcutta
(now Kolkata) in 1770 which ceased to operate in 1832. After that many banks came but some were not successful like
General Bank of India (1786-1791)
Oudh Commercial Bank (1881-1958) – the first commercial bank of India.
Whereas some are successful and continue to lead even now like –
Allahabad Bank (est. 1865)
Punjab National Bank (est. 1894, with HQ in Lahore (that time)
Bank of India (est. 1906)
Bank of Baroda (est. 1908)
Central Bank of India (est. 1911)
While some others like Bank of Bengal (est. 1806), Bank of Bombay (est. 1840), Bank of Madras (est. 1843) merged into
a single entity in 1921 which came to be known as Imperial Bank of India.
Imperial Bank of India was later renamed in 1955 as the State Bank of India.
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In April 1935, Reserve Bank of India was formed based on the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission (setup in
1926).
The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks
are those which are included under the 2nd Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
The scheduled banks are further classified into : nationalised banks; State Bank of India and its associates; Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs); foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The term commercial banks refer to both scheduled
and non-scheduled commercial banks which are regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Nationalization – Nationalization is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a
national government or state. Need for nationalization in India:
a) The banks mostly catered to the needs of large industries, big business houses.
b) Sectors such as agriculture, small scale industries and exports were lagging behind.
c) The poor masses continued to be exploited by the moneylenders.
Following this, in the year 1949, 1st January the Reserve Bank of India was nationalized.
Six more commercial banks were nationalized in April 1980. These were:
Meanwhile on the recommendation of M. Narsimhan committee, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) were formed on Oct 2,
1975. The objective behind the formation of RRBs was to serve large unserved population of rural areas and promoting
financial inclusion.
Other Banks :
Bandhan Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.
Bandhan, which started as a micro-finance company in 2001, received banking license by Reserve Bank of India in 2014.
• CEO - Chandra Shekhar Ghosh
• Chairman - Ashok Lahiri
IDFC Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking company with headquarters in Mumbai that forms part of IDFC, an integrated
infrastructure finance company. The bank started operations on 1 October 2015. IDFC received a universal banking
license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in July 2015. On 6th November, 2015, IDFC Bank was listed on BSE and NSE.
• CEO - Dr. Rajiv B. Lall
Public Sector Banks – Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are banks where a majority stake (i.e. more than 50%) is held by a
government. The shares of these banks are listed on stock exchanges. There are a total of 27 PSBs in India [21
Nationalised banks + 6 State bank group (SBI + 5 associates)]. In 2011 IDBI bank and in 2014 Bharatiya Mahila Bank were
nationalized with a minimum capital of Rs 500 cr. For Ex – Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, etc.
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Private Banks – The private-sector banks in India represent part of the Indian banking sector that is made up of both
private and public sector banks. The "private-sector banks" are banks where greater parts of stake or equity are held by
the private shareholders and not by government. For ex – ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, etc.
Regional Rural Banks - Regional Rural Banks are local level banking organizations operating in different States of India.
They have been created with a view to serve primarily the rural areas of India with basic banking and financial services.
However, RRB's may have branches set up for urban operations and their area of operation may include urban areas
too. The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB
contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively.
What is NBFC?
Non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal
definition of a bank, i.e. one that does not hold a banking license. These institutions typically are restricted from taking
deposits from the public depending on the jurisdiction. Nonetheless, operations of these institutions are often still
covered under a country's banking regulations.
NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs?
NBFCs lend and make investments and hence their activities are similar to that of banks; however there are a few
differences as given below:
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What is KYC?
It is a process by which banks obtain information about the identity and address of the customers. This process helps to
ensure that banks’ services are not misused. The KYC procedure is to be completed by the banks while opening accounts
and also periodically update the same.
KYC guidelines were introduced in year 2002 by RBI and all banks were asked to make all accounts KYC compliant by 31
December 2005. These guidelines are issued under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
KYC documents - These are the documents used to establish customer’s identity. Banks need two types of document
one for identity another for address.
Individual : Identity: Pan card, Passport, Aadhar card, Voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing identity of the customer.
Address : Telephone bill, electricity bill, Aadhar card, voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing address and identity of the customer, letter from
employer, letter from landlord along with kyc of landlord.
Note: If a person is unable to produce necessary documents mentioned, a relaxation is extended if:
1. Balance < Rs. 50000 for all a/cs taken together
2. Total credit in all a/cs for a year < Rs. 1,00,000
Such customer needs to be introduced from an existing customer at least six months old and having full KYC. Also,
transactions are to be stopped in such a/cs once Balance reaches Rs. 40,000 or total credit reaches Rs. 80,000.
The prevention of money laundering act, 2002 was enacted to prevent money laundering and deal with those who are
guilty of money laundering. The PMLA seeks to combat money laundering in India and has three main objectives:
(i) To prevent and control money laundering
(ii) To confiscate and seize the property obtained from the laundered money; and (iii) To deal with any other issue
connected with money laundering in India.
Case of AML – DMK’s Kanimozhi, A Raja and Dayalu Ammal were charged under anti-money-laundering act for their
involvement in 2G scam.
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The need for financial inclusion raised when even after years of Independence 40% population lacked access to basic
banking products. And apart from poverty, illiteracy and lack of regular income the major barriers are lack of reach, high
cost of transactions and time.
Banking products that play a crucial role in the expansion of Financial Inclusion -
a. Savings-cum-overdraft account
b. Remittance products
c. Savings product
d. Kisan credit card (KCC) or General credit card (GCC)
Fund Allocation - Reserve Bank of India recently created a new Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF) with funding of Rs 2000
Crore for expanding the reach of banking services. The new Financial Inclusion Fund is created by merging Financial
Inclusion Fund and Financial Inclusion Technology Fund into a single Fund — Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF). The new FIF
will be maintained by NABARD.
In addition to this, Reserve Bank of India constituted a 14 – member committee under the chairmanship of RBI
executive director Deepak Mohanty. It will work out a five-year action plan to spread the reach of financial services to
unbanked population.
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What is Bancassurance ?
Bancassurance means distribution of financial products particularly the insurance policies (both the life and non-life),
also called referral business, by banks as corporate agents, and through their branches located in different parts of the
country.
What is FII?
FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of an institution.
An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest in Indian market, in other words buying Indian stocks.
• FII's generally buy in large volumes which has an impact on the stock markets.
• Foreign Institutional Investors includes pension funds, mutual funds, Insurance Companies, Banks, etc.
What is FDI?
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the “physical assets or a significant amount of ownership
(stock) of a company in another country in order to gain a measure of management control” (Or) A foreign company
having a stake in a Indian Company.
What is SIDBI?
The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aid the growth and development of micro,
small and medium scale industries in India.
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• It was set up in 1990 through an act of parliament; it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of
Industrial Development Bank of India. Headquarter – Lucknow.
What is NABARD?
NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee on 12 July 1982 to implement the National
Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. Its headquarter located in Mumbai. Present Chairman is Dr. Harsh
Kumar Bhanwala.
• It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of
India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC).
• It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas. NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank
with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries,
cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.
What is SEBI?
SEBI is the regulator for the Securities Market in India. Head office located in Mumbai.
Originally set up by the Government of India in 1988, it acquired statutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being
passed by the Indian Parliament. U.K Sinha is the present Chairman of SEBI.
Note: The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) is the chief regulator of commodity futures markets in India was merged
with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 28 September 2015.
What is CRM?
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the ability to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of the
customer, interaction and relationship resulting in increased profitability through revenue and margin growth and
operational efficiencies.
What is Recession?
A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth is negative for a period of
two or more consecutive quarters.
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What is IPO?
IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the f irst offering of shares to the general public from a company wishes to list on
the stock exchange.
What is Disinvestment?
The Selling of the government stake in public sector undertakings.
What is NPA?
An asset (loan), including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it stops generating income for the bank.
Note: Once the borrower has failed to make interest or principle payments for 90 days the loan is considered to be a
nonperforming asset. It had been decided to adopt the '90 days' overdue' norm for identification of NPA, from the year
ending March 31, 2004.
ASSET CLASSIFICATION - RBI has classified nonperforming assets into the following three categories based on the period
for which the asset has remained nonperforming and the realisability of the dues:
• Substandard Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, a substandard asset is one, which has remained NPA for a
period less than or equal to 12 months.
• Doubtful Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, an asset is classified as doubtful if it has remained in the
substandard category for a period of 12 months.
• Loss Assets : A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or the
RBI inspection but the amount has not been written off wholly. In other words, such an asset is considered
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uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may
be some rescue or recovery value.
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Filing of Criminal Cases - Criminal cases can be filed against the borrower if the banks feel the non-repayment of the
debt is due to ‘wilful default’. Example is Vijay Mallya defaulting onSBI, UCO, United Bank of India.
Winding up petitions - Under the Companies Act, if a borrower fails to pay back the loan, a petition can be filed. For this
a Official liquidator is appointed. It is a long procedure and may not give satisfactory results to banks.
Apart from the steps described above Banks can take other prudential steps, which are:
1. Corrective Action Plan: As per RBI Before the loan becomes an NPA, classify them as
• SMA-0 (Special Mention Account) = upto 30 days.
• SMA-1 = 31 to 60 days.
• SMA-2 =61 to 90 days.
In order to take corrective actions.
2. Joint lenders’ forum: RBI has mandated to constitute a Joint Lenders’ Forum at SMA-2 stage, if the loan exposure is
more than Rs 100 Crore or more.
3. Strategic Debt Restructuring: RBI has announced to convert debt into equity i.e. Bank will assume the role of
management (ownership).
Need For BASEL-3 Worldwide: Banks mainly deals with three kind of risks. These are
1. Credit risk
2. Market risk
3. Operational risk
In India, Basel III regulations has been implemented from April 1, 2013 in phases and it will be fully implemented as
on March 31, 2019.
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Tier 1 Tier 2
It consists of common shares Debts (bond)
Preferential Shares Optionally fully convertible debentures
These are highly liquid instruments i.e. Less liquid
can be sold easily to gather cash
Out of the 9% (of RWA) capital adequacy requirement, 7 % (of RWA) has to be met by Tier 1 capital while the remaining
2%(of RWA) by Tier 2 capital.
Risk weighted assets – Every bank assigns its assets some weight-age based on the risk involved. Thus apply a weight
percentage to each of its assets.
For example – Lets say a bank lends Rs 100 to a person for home loan and Rs 100 to a person to start a new company.
Bank’s total asset = Rs 100 + Rs 100 = Rs 200
Let’s imagine home loan has high probability of being repaid than the loan to person to start a company.
i.e. Risk Weight of Home Loan = 50% and Risk Weight of loan for company = 90%
Risk Weighted Assets of Bank = 50% of 100 + 90% of 100 = 50 + 90 = Rs 140.So out of total assets worth Rs 200, Rs 140
are risk weighted assets.
Bank need 9% of RWA as Capital. Bank need 9% of 140 = Rs 12.6 as Capital.
Means, out of Rs 200 that a bank lends, Rs 12.6 must be funded with Capital. Rest, Rs 187.4 can be from the money that
bank borrowed.
Secondly it also introduces the concept of leverage ratio, it measures the ratio of banks total assets to bank’s capital.
Under the new set of guidelines, RBI has set the leverage ratio at 4.5% (3% under Basel III).
Leverage Ratio = Capital/Total Asset
Concept of leverage –
for e.g. - If you have Rs 100 and you invest them and earns a profit of 10% i.e. you have profit of Rs 10 on Rs 100.This is
called non leverage profit.
Now again you have Rs 100 and you borrow Rs 400 and invest Rs 500, earns a profit of 10% i.e. you earn Rs 50 on your
Rs 100. This is called leverage profit.
With Higher leverage, Bank’s Profit/Loss = Higher = Higher Risk also!
So now leverage ratio of 4.5% means for every Rs bank funds itself with, it can lend up to 22.22 Rs.
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2. Liquidity - During the global crisis 2008, the apparently strong banks of the world ran into difficulties when the
interbank wholesale funding market witnessed a seizure. Thus in Indian context, it would mean an additional burden
of maintaining liquidity along with the SLR requirement.
3. Technology - BCBS is in the process of making significant changes in standard approach for computing RWAs for all
three risk areas. Banks may need to upgrade their systems and processes to be able to compute capital requirements
based on revised standard approach.
4. Skill development - Implementation of the new capital accord requires higher specialized skills in banks.
5. Governance - One can have the capital, the liquid assets and the infrastructure. But corporate governance will be
the deciding factor in the ability of a bank to meet the challenges. Strong capital gives financial strength, it cannot
assure good performance unless backed by good corporate governance.
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 – Negotiable instruments are written orders or unconditional promises to pay a fixed
sum of money on demand or at a certain time. Negotiable instruments may be transferred from one person to another,
who is known as a holder in due course. Upon transfer, also called negotiation of the instrument, the holder obtains full
legal title to the instrument. Negotiable instruments may be transferred by delivery or by endorsement and delivery.
For e.g. promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, drafts, certificates of deposit are all examples of negotiable
instruments.
• Cheque - Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, sign by the
person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only to
or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of instrument."
• Bearer Cheque - The bearer cheque is payable to the person specified therein or to any other else who presents it
to the bank for payment. However, such cheques are risky, this is because if such cheques are lost, the finder of the
cheque can collect payment from the bank.
• Order Cheque - It is the one which is payable to a particular person. In such a cheque the word ‘bearer’ may be cut
out or cancelled and the word ‘order’ may be written. The payee can transfer an order cheque to someone else by
signing his or her name on the back of it.
• Crossed cheque - When a cheque is crossed, the holder cannot encash it at the counter of the bank. The payment
of such cheque is only credited to the bank account of the payee. Crossed cheque is done by drawing two parallel
lines across top left corner of the cheque, with or without writing ‘Account payee’ in the space between the lines.
• A self cheque - It is written by the account holder as pay self to receive money in physical form from the branch
where he holds his account. This can be alternated by using an ATM card.
Post-dated cheque (PDC) - A PDC is a form of a crossed or account payee bearer cheque but post-dated to meet the
said financial payment at a future date. The cheque is valid from the date of issue to three months.
• A Banker’s cheque - A banker’s cheque is issued by a bank drawing money from its own funds rather than that from
an account holder’s. Banker’s cheque is issued after the bank verifies the account status of the requestor and the
amount is immediately deducted from the customer’s account. A banker’s cheque cannot be dishonored as in the
case of a normal cheque, when an account holder has insufficient funds in his/her account. Though different from a
normal cheque it requires clearing too.
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• Stale Cheque - If a cheque is presented for payment after three months from the date of the cheque it is called stale
cheque. A stale cheque is not honoured by the bank.
Demand Drafts
A DD is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange. It is used for effecting transfer of money. A bank issues a
DD to a client (Drawer), directing another bank (Drawee) or one its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified
party (Payee) directly without involving the drawing bank after presenting.
What is NEFT?
National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer. Under
this Scheme, individuals can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any individual having an account with
any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.
RTGS Vs NEFT :
Thus, we can say that both RTGS and NEFT are schemes started by RBI for the benefit of the customers which allow
accounts holders in the banks to electronically transfer the funds intra-bank. In the case of RTGS, settlement in on 'Real
Time' basis whereas in case of NEFT the settlement in on batch basis and net basis. There are some other rules,
regulations and differences, which we will be discussing below :
What are the minimum and maximum amount of remittance under RTGS and NEFT :
RTGS
Minimum Amount : Rs 2 lakhs Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling
NEFT
Minimum Amount : No minimum limit Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling
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Advantage of CTS –
• Since there is no physical movement of cheques, there is no fear of loss of cheque in transit.
• Usage of CTS cheques also means quicker clearance, shorter clearing cycle and speedier credit of the amount to your
account.
• Depending on whether the cheque is local or outstation, the cheque can get cleared on the same day or within 24
hours.
• The biggest advantage is that CTS-compliant cheques are more secure than old cheques and, hence, less prone to
frauds. Also, as the system matures, it is proposed to integrate multiple locations and reduce geographical
restrictions in cheque clearing.
Small Banks
The purpose of the small banks will be to provide a whole suite of basic banking products such as deposits and supply
of credit, but in a limited area of operation. The aim of small banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country. The
small bank shall be registered as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013.
Committee on Small Banks - The applications will be analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee (EAC).
The EAC for small banks will be chaired by Usha Thorat, former deputy governor, RBI.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to the 10 applicants to set up Small Finance Banks. The central bank had received 72
applications for setting up small finance bank licences.
The “in-principle” approval granted will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements
under the Guidelines and fulfil other conditions as may be stipulated by the RBI.
Key points -
Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for small banks is Rs. 100 crore.
As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
Small banks will offer both deposits as well as loan products.
They cannot set up subsidiaries to undertake non-banking financial services activities.
The maximum loan size and investment limit exposure to single/group borrowers/issuers would be restricted to 15
per cent of total capital funds.
Loans and advances of up to Rs 25 lakhs, primarily to micro enterprises, should constitute at least 50 per cent of the
loan portfolio.
For the first three years, 25 per cent of branches should be in unbanked rural areas.
The foreign shareholding in the bank would be as per the extant FDI policy.
For the initial three years, prior approval will be required for branch expansion.
Payment Banks
The main objective of payment banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country via a primary focus on domestic
payments services by providing small savings accounts. Payments banks will be used only for transaction and deposits
purposes. Unlike small banks, payments banks cannot lend money.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to 11 Payment Banks applicants- Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 19 August 2015
granted in-principle approval to 11 payment banks applicants under the Guidelines for Licensing of Payments Banks.
Committee on Payment Banks - These applications are analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee
(EAC). The EAC Committee for Payment Banks is chaired by Dr. Nachiket Mor, Director, Central Board of the Reserve
Bank of India.
Key Points:
Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for payments banks is Rs. 100 crore.
The Reserve Bank grants a license for commencement of banking business under Section 22(1) of the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.
RBI's “in-principle” nod will be valid for a period of 18 months, during which time the applicants have to comply with
the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfill the other conditions as may be stipulated by the Reserve bank.
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As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
The payments bank will need to invest 75 percent of its funds in government securities.
Payments banks can open small savings accounts and accept deposits of up to Rs.1 lakh per individual customer and
provide remittance services. Hence, the balance at the close of business on any day should not exceed Rs.1 lakh per
customer.
Payments banks can issue debit cards but they are not eligible to provide credit card facilities.
Payments Banks are allowed to set up their own ATMs (automated teller machines).
Payments banks will have to invest in government securities with a maturity of up to 1 year.
What is Inflation?
Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the Indian economy. An increase in
inflation figures occurs when there is an increase in the average level of prices in Goods and services.
Inflation happens when there are fewer Goods and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, since
there is more demand and less supply of the goods.
What is Deflation?
Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes
negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period.
GDP
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an estimated value of the total worth of a country’s production and services, within
its boundary, by its nationals and foreigners, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GDP = Consumption +
Investment + Government Spending + Exports – Imports.
GNP
The Gross National Product (GNP) is an estimated value of the total worth of production and services, by citizens of a
country, on its land or on foreign land, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GNP = GDP + NR (Net income
inflow from assets abroad or Net income Receipts) - NP (Net Payment outflow to foreign assets)
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What is BSBDA?
Under the guidelines issued on August 10, 2012 by RBI: “Any individual, including poor or those from weaker section of
the society, can open zero balance account in any bank.
• BSBDA 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' guidelines are applicable to "all scheduled commercial banks in India,
including foreign banks having branches in India".
• All the accounts opened earlier as 'no-frills' account should be renamed as BSBDA. Banks are required to convert the
existing 'no-frills' accounts’ into 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts'.
• The BSBDA should be considered as a normal banking service available to all customers, through branches.
• The aim of introducing 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' is very much part of the efforts of RBI for furthering
Financial Inclusion objectives.
Certificate of Deposits
Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance
Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.
Minimum Size of Issue and Denominations - Minimum amount of a CD should be Rs.1 lakh, i.e., the minimum deposit
that could be accepted from a single subscriber should not be less than Rs.1 lakh, and in multiples of Rs. 1 lakh thereafter.
Maturity - The maturity period of CDs issued by banks should not be less than, from the date of issue.
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market 7 days and not more than one year instrument issued in the form
of a promissory note. It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial
Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP.
Minimum & maximum period of maturity prescribed for CP - CP can be issued for maturities between a minimum of 7
days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue. However, the maturity date of the CP should not go
beyond the date up to which the credit rating of the issuer is valid.
Denominations - CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof.
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• If one is aggrieved by the decision, one may, within 30 days of the date of receipt of the award, appeal against the
award before the appellate authority.
Tenor
The tenor of medium term would be between 5-7 years while long term would for 12-15 years tenure.
• Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme – Few things to know about the scheme
• Instead of buying gold in physical form investors can park their money in bonds which are backed by gold. The bonds
will be available both in demat and paper form.
• Sovereign Gold Bond has more or equal advantage against the physical gold. The bond will be issued by RBI on behalf
of the Government of India.
• Maximum Limit - The bond would be restricted for sale to resident Indian entities and the maximum allowable limit
is 500 grams per person per year.
• Rate per gram - The RBI has fixed the public issue price of sovereign gold bonds at Rs 2,684 per gram.
• Denominations - These bonds will be issued in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 grams of gold or other
denominations.
• Know-your-customer (KYC) norms will be the same as that for purchase of physical gold. KYC documents such as
Voter ID, Aadhaar Card/PAN or TAN /Passport will be required.
• Gold coins and Bullion Scheme - The coins will be available in denominations of 5 and 10 grams. A 20 gram bar or
bullion will also be available. About 15,000 coins of 5 gm, 20,000 coins of 10 gm and 3,750 gold bullions will be made
available through MMTC outlets.
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SA can be opened by individuals, small Current Accounts are for big businesses, companies and
businesses and students, etc. institutions, etc.
Nomination facility is available for SA Nomination facility is normally not available for CA deposits.
deposits.
Note: Now CA & SA together are known as demand deposit, since they are payable on demand. Suppose you need
Rs.5000 today you withdraw Rs.5000 today.
• CASA RATIO – The Ratio of the deposits in the form of Current Account & Saving Account to the total deposits is
known as CASA Ratio (normally expressed in %). More CASA ratio banks are in the safe zone. ICCI, AXIS, HDFC & SBI
have CASA Ratio more than 40%.
• Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit - these deposits are TIME deposits (as for specified agreed period b/w you and
the bank). In these deposits interest paid by the bank is slightly higher than CA & SA. It’s like “sabar ka fal mitha hota
hai”.
Note: If you are depositing the money for 1 year you will get the money after 1 year. But if you withdraw before the
agreed period i.e before 1 year, you have to pay penalty. Cheque book facility is not available for time deposits.
Salient Features of FD –
• FIXED DEPOSIT can be operated for a tenure ranging from 7 days to 10 years in Indian banking system.
• Not payable on demand and do not enjoy cheque facility.
• Interest rates will be slightly higher for senior citizens (60 + years of age)
• Premature withdrawal of the deposits is possible, but it attracts penalty at the rates varying from 0.5% to 1.5%
• If the deposits are Rs. 1 Crore or more, they come under bulk deposits and interest rates may vary further.
• Loan facility is available on principal as well as on interest.
But in FD you have to pay income tax . If your interest income exceeds Rs. 10000 banks will deduct TDS (Tax diretionate
source) i.e banks itself will deduct income tax.
• Recurring Deposit – Recurring Deposit is a special kind of Term Deposit offered by banks in India which help people
with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest
at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits.
• The main objective of recurring deposit account is to develop regular savings habit among the public.
Salient Features of RD –
• In India, minimum amount that can be deposited is Rs.10 at regular intervals.
• The period of deposit is minimum six months and maximum ten years. (Minimum tenure varies banks to banks. Some
banks allow minimum tenure in RD for 3 months.)
• Minimum balance can be deposited under RD is Rs. 500 per month and thereafter in multiples of Rs 100/-
• The rate of interest is higher.
Banking Abbreviations
ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in KCC Kisan Credit Card.
Africa.
ACF Auto Correlation Function. KMB Kotak Mahindra Bank.
ACS Automated Clearing Systm. KVB Karur Vysya Bank.
AD Authorized Dealer. KYC Know Your Customer.
ADB Asian Development Bank. LAB Local Area Bank.
ADR American Depository Receipt. LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility.
AEPS Aadhaar Enabled Payments Switch. LDB Land Development Bank.
AFS Annual Financial Statement. LIBOR London Inter Bank Offered Rate.
AGM Annual General Meeting. MIBOR Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate.
AIC Agricultural Insurance Company. NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and
Rural Development.
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STATIC GK TORNADO
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana : is a rural development programme broadly focusing upon the development in the
villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on
social mobilization of the village community.
Narendra Modi has adopted Nagepur village his constituency Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
Y. S. Chowdary has adopted Ponnavaram village in Krishna district (Andhra Pradesh).
Sonia Gandhi adopted Udwa village in her constituency Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh).
Rahul Gandhi adopted Deeh village in his constituency Amethi (Uttar Pradesh).
V. K. Singh adopted Mirpur Hindu in his constituency Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh).
Ahmed Patel adopted Vandari village in Rajpipada(Gujarat).
Sachin Tendulkar adopted Puttamraju vari Kandriga(P.R.Kandriga) a village near Gudur in Nellore (Andhra
Pradesh).
Harish Dwivedi adopted Amodha Khas village in Basti(Uttar Pradesh).
Smt. Sushma Swaraj has adopted Aajnas village in Dewas (Madhya Pradesh)
Indian railways:
Indian Railways owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. Indian Railways is
divided into 17 zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions.
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Assam
Kaziranga National Park Amchang WLS
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Chakrashila WLS
Manas National Park Dihing Patkai WLS
Nameri National Park East Karbi Anglong WLS
Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park North Karbi Anglong WLS
Nambor WLS
Bihar
Valmiki National Park Pant (Rajgir) WLS
Gautam Budha WLS Valmiki WLS
Kaimur WLS
Chhatisgarh
Indravati National Park Bhairamgarh WLS
Kanger Valley National Park Bhoramdev WLS
Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS
Badalkhol WLS
Goa
Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National Park Netravali WLS
Bondla WLS Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS
Madei WLS
Gujarat
Gir National Park & Sasan Gir Sanctuary Kutch Desert WLS
Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar Mitiyala WLS
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch Porbandar Lake WLS
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Haryana
Kalesar National Park N Khaparwas WLS
Sultanpur National Park Kalesar WLS
Bhindawas WLS
Himachal Pradesh
Pin Valley National Park Daranghati WLS
Great Himalayan National Park Dhauladhar WLS
Inderkilla National Park Nargu WLS
Khirganga National Park Pong Dam Lake WLS
Simbalbara National Park Shilli WLS
Bandli WLS Talra WLS
Daranghati WLS
Jharkhand
Betla National Park Palkot WLS
Lawalong WLS Parasnath WLS
Karnataka
Dandeli National Park Bhadra WLS
Nagarhole National Park Bhimgad WLS
Bandipur National Park Brahmagiri WLS
Bannerghatta National Park Cauvery WLS
Kudremukh National Park Nugu WLS
Anshi national park Pushpagiri WLS
Arabithittu WLS Ranganathittu Bird WLS
Attiveri WLS Sharavathi Valley WLS
Someshwara WLS
Kerala
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Pampadum Shola National Park
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Aralam WLS
Eravikulam National Park Chimmony WLS
Mathikettan Shola National Park Idukki WLS
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Madhya Pradesh
Bandhavgarh National Park Bori WLS
Pench National Park Gandhi Sagar WLS
Kanha National Park Ghatigaon WLS
Panna National Park Ken Gharial WLS
Madhav National Park Narsighgarh WLS
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park National Chambal WLS
Pench National Park Orcha WLS
Sanjay National Park Kuno WLS
Satpura National Park Sardarpur WLS
Van Vihar national park Son Gharial WLS
Maharastra
Sanjay Gandhi National Park Tipeshwar WLS
Chandoli National Park Jaikwadi WLS
Navegaon National Park Koyana WLS
Tadoba National Park Nagzira WLS
Gugamal national park Painganga WLS
Aner Dam WLS Radhanagari WLS
Bhamragarh WLS Sagareshwar WLS
Bhimashankar WLS Tungareshwar WLS
Great Indian Bustard WLS
Manipur
Keibul Lamjao National Park Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS
Meghalaya
Balphakram National Park
Mizoram
Murlen National Park Pualreng WLS
Phawngpui Blue National Park Tokalo WLS
Mountain National Park Nokrek National Park
Dampa WLS (TR) Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS
Ngengpui WLS Nongkhyllem WLS
Nagaland
Intanki National Park Puliebadze WLS
Fakim WLS Rangapahar WLS
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Odisha
Similipal National Park Chilika (Nalaban) WLS
Bhitarkanika National Park Hadgarh WLS
Badrama WLS Khalasuni WLS
Baisipalli WLS Satkosia Gorge WLS
Punjab
Abohar WLS Jhajjar Bacholi WLS
Harike Lake WLS
Rajasthan
Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary/ Bharatpur National Park Jawahar Sagar WLS
Sariska National Park Kailadevi WLS
Ranthambore National Park Mount Abu WLS
Darrah National Park Ramsagar WLS
Desert National Park Sawai Man Singh WLS
Bundh Baratha WLS Shergarh WLS
Darrah WLS Sitamata WLS
Sikkim
Khangchendzonga National Park Maenam WLS
Fambong Lho WLS Pangolakha WLS
Kitam WLS (Bird)
Tamil Nadu
Mudumalai National Park Karaivetti WLS
Mukurthi National Park Karikili WLS
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park Mudumalai WLS
Guindy National Park Pulicat Lake WLS
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Vaduvoor WLS
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS Vedanthangal WLS
Kalakad WLS Vettangudi WLS
Tripura
Bison(Rajbari) National Park Rowa WLS
Clouded Leopard National Park Sepahijala WLS
Gumti WLS Trishna WLS
Uttarakhand
Rajaji National Park Binsar WLS
Jim Corbett National Park Govind Pashu Vihar WLS
Gangotri National Park Kedarnath WLS
Valley of Flowers National Park Sonanadi WLS
Askot Musk Deer WLS
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Uttar Pradesh
Dudhwa National Park Sur Sarovar WLS
Hastinapur WLS Chandraprabha WLS
Ranipur WLS National Chambal WLS
Sohagibarwa WLS
West Bengal
Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary
Buxa National Park Haliday Island WLS
Neora Valley NationalPark Lothian Island WLS
Singalila National Park Mahananda WLS
Ballavpur WLS
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Durand Line is the line demarcating the boundaries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was drawn up in
1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line
in 1917 during World War I.
Mason-dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United States.
Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification built by France along its border with Germany
before World War II, to protect its boundary from German attack.
Mannerheim Line is the line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General
Mannerheim.
Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir. Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China.
China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
Order-neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Beisse
rivers, adopted at the poland Conference (August 1945) after
Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boundary between India and
Pakistan.
Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before the two were
united.
24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This,
however, is not recognized by India.
26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which croses through Africa, Australia and South America.
30th PARALLEL north is a line of latitude that Stands one-third of the way between the equator and
the North Pole.
33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southeren United States, parts of
North Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia
and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia the State of Alabama,
and the State of Mississippi.
36030’ Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tennessee and Commonwealth of Kentucky
between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missiouri and
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Arkansas west of the White River, and the northernmost boundary between the Texas and the
Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of
Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the Earth’s equatorial
plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41th Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and
Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South
Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 440 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth’s
equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often called the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The
45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. 45th parallel of south
latitude is the east-west line that marks the theoretical halfway point between the equator and the
South Pole.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
India
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground Delhi Himachal Pradesh Cricket Dharamshala
Association Stadium
Brabourne Stadium Mumbai M Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore
Green Park Stadium Kanpur M.A. Chidambaram Stadium Chennai
Wankhede Stadium Mumbai Sawai Mansingh Stadium Jaipur
Barabati Stadium Cuttack Punjab Cricket Association Mohali
Stadium
Eden Gardens Kolkata Green Park Stadium Kanpur
Australia
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Marrara Cricket Ground Darwin
Bundaberg Rum Cairns Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne
Telstra Dome Melbourne Sydney Cricket Ground Sydney
Manuka Oval Canberra W.A.C.A. Ground Perth
Bangladesh
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
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England
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Edgbaston Birmingham St Lawrence Ground Canterbury
Headingley Leeds The Brit Oval London
Lord's London Trent Bridge Nottingham
Old Trafford Manchester Sophia Gardens Cardiff
New Zealand
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Basin Reserve Wellington John Davies Oval Queenstown
Pakistan
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Arbab Niaz Stadium Peshawar Gaddafi Stadium Lahore
Ayub National Stadium Quetta
South Africa
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Kingsmead Durban St George's Park Port Elizabeth
New Wanderers Johannesburg Centurion Super Sport Pretoria
Stadium Park
Newlands Cape Town
Sri Lanka
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Colombo Cricket Club Colombo R.Premadasa Stadium Colombo
Ground
Galle International Galle Sinhalese Sports Club Colombo
Stadium Ground
P.Saravanamuttu Colombo
Stadium
West Indies
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Sabina Park Kingston Jamaica Kensington Oval Barbados
Bridgetown
Antigua Recreation Antigua Mindoo Phillip Park St Lucia
Ground St John's Castries
Guyana Cricket Stadium Guyana Albion Sports Complex Guyana
Georgetown Berbice
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Zimbabwe
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Bulawayo Athletic Club Bulawayo Kwekwe Sports Club Kwekwe
Harare Sports Club Harare Queens Sports Club Bulawayo
1. Bharat Ratna: It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for outstanding
achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria
to include "any field of human endeavor". The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of
three in a particular year.
2. Nobel Prize : The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of
literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.
3. Saraswati Samman (Literature): The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an
annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
4. Jnanpith award (Literature): The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya
Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of India. It
is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
5. Vyas Samman (Literature): Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition
of the Hindi literary work published in past 10 years.
6. Bihari Puraskar (Literature): Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The
award is named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in
Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer.
7. Moorti Devi Award (Literature): The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by
the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture.
8. Booker Prize (Literature): It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language,
and published in the UK literary award
9. Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Cinema/Films): The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in
cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals,
an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
10. Arjuna Award: Outstanding performance from the sportspersons in sports and games.The Government
has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the revised schematic guidelines a
sportsperson must have very good consistent performances for the previous 3 years at the international
level to be considered as eligible for the Award.
11. Dronacharya Award: Eminent coaches of any particular sport.The award is named after the very famous
archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related
with the sportspersons who are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches
of any particular sport.
12. Dhyan Chand Award: The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of India for their lifetime
achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time
Achievement in Sports and Games.
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13. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award: The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a
sportsperson for his/her achievements in India.
14. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (Science & Technology): The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science
and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry,
environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics.
15. Kalinga Prize (Science): The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO
for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people.
16. Pulitzer Prize (Journalism): The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper and online
journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States.
17. Abel Prize (Mathematics): The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government
of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians.
18. Grammy Award (Music): A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of
Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music
industry.
19. Stirling Prize (Architecture): The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for
excellence in architecture.
20. Aga Khan Award (Architecture): The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize
established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully
address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing,
community development and improvement.
21. Pritzker Prize (Architecture): The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living
architect.
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Ashes Cup, Asia Cup, C.K. Naidu Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy,
Gavaskar Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, ICC World Cup,
Irani Trophy, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy,
Cricket
Rohinton Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup,
Sharjah Cup, Singer Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant
Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy.
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, Aga khan Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup,
Hockey Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold
Cup, Wellington Cup etc, Stanley Cup
Rovers Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, Merdeka Cup, Confederation cup,
DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B. C. Raj Trophy (National
Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup,
Football
Santosh Trophy, IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Cup, Sir Ashutosh
Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy,
UEFA Champions League
Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup,
Badminton Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara
Cup, Malaysian Open, Thomas Cup (men) Uber Cup (women)
Table Tennis Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men), Bama Belleck Cup
Davis Cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open, Heineken
Lawn Tennis
Cup
Golf Augusta Masters, British Open, US Maters
Horse Racing Derby
Rowing Wellington trophy
Sports Terminology
Badminton Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault.
Baseball Pitcher, Strike, Diamond, Bunting, Home, Put Out.
Billiards Jigger, Break, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, In Off.
Boxing Jab, Hook, Punch, Knock-out, Upper cut, Kidney Punch.
Bridge Revoke, Ruff, Dummy, Little Slam, Grand Slam, Trump, Diamonds, Tricks.
Chess Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check.
Cricket LBW, Maiden over, Rubber, Stumped, Ashes, Hat-trick, Leg Bye, Follow on, Googly,
Gulley, Silly Point, Duck, Run, Drive, No ball, Cover point, Leg Spinner, Wicket Keeper,
Pitch, Crease, Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit – Wicket, Bouncer, Stone-Walling.
Football Dribble, Off-Side, Penalty, Throw-in, Hat-Tick, Foul, Touch, Down, Drop Kick, Stopper
Golf Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green.
Hockey Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Stroke, Striking Circle, Penalty corner, Under cutting,
Scoop, Centre forward, Carry, Dribble, Goal, Carried.
Horse Racing Punter, Jockey, Place, Win, Protest.
Lawn Tennis Volley, Smash, Service, Back-hand-drive.
Rifle Shooting Bull's eyes.
Swimming Stroke.
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Asia
Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister
Kabul Afghan afghani Ashraf Ghani
Afghanistan
Ahmadzai
Manama Bahraini dinar Khalifa bin Salman
Bahrain
Al Khalifa
Dhaka Bangladeshi taka Abdul Hamid Sheikh Hasina
Bangladesh
Wazed
Thimphu Bhutanese Tshering Tobgay
Bhutan ngultrum, Indian
rupee
Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel Hun Sen
China Beijing Renminbi Tsai Ing-wen Li Keqiang
Cyprus [Europe] Nicosia Euro Nicos Anastasiades
Georgia [Europe]
Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian rupiah Joko Widodo
Iran Tehran Iranian rial Hassan Rouhani
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi dinar Fuad Masum Haider al-Abadi
Jerusalem Israeli new shekel Reuven Rivlin Benjamin
Israel
Netanyahu
Japan Tokyo Japanese yen Shinzo Abe
Astana Kazakhstani tenge Nursultan Bakytzhan
Kazakhstan Nazarbayev Abdirovich
Sagintayev
Bishkek Kyrgyzstani som Almazbek Sooronbay
Kyrgyzstan
Atambayev Jeenbekov
Vientiane Lao kip Bounnhang Thongloun
Laos
Vorachith Sisoulith
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Michel Aoun Tammam Salam
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian ringgit Najib Razak
Maldives Male Maldivian rufiyaa Abdulla Yameen
Ulaanbaatar Mongolian togrog Tsakhiagiin Chimed
Mongolia
Elbegdorj Saikhanbileg
Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Burmese kyat Htin Kyaw
Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Bidhya Devi Pushpa Kamal
Nepal
Bhandari Dahal
North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won Pak Pong-ju
Muscat Omani rial Qaboos bin Said Al
Oman
Said
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee Mamnoon Hussain Nawaz Sharif
Philippines Manila Philippine peso Rodrigo Duterte
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European Countries
Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister
Albania Tirana Albanian lek Bujar Faik Nishani Edi Rama
Vienna Euro Heinz Fischer -
Austria
GColIH
Minsk Belarusian ruble Aleksandr Andrei
Belarus Grigoryevich Vladimirovich
Lukashenko Kobyakov
City of Brussels Euro Charles Y.J.Gh.
Belgium
Michel
Sofia Bulgarian lev Rosen Asenov Boyko Metodiev
Bulgaria
Plevneliev Borisov
Zagreb Croatian kuna Kolinda Grabar- Andrej Plenkovic
Croatia
Kitarovic
Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna Milos Zeman Bohuslav Sobotka
Copenhagen Danish krone Lars Løkke
Denmark
Rasmussen
Finland Helsinki Euro Sauli Niinisto Juha Petri Sipila
Paris Euro, CFP franc François Gérard Manuel Carlos Valls
France Georges Nicolas Galfetti
Hollande
Berlin Euro Joachim Gauck Angela Dorothea
Germany Merkel
(Chancellor)
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African Countries
Algeria Algiers Dinar Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelmalek Sellal
Luanda Angolan kwanza Jose Eduardo dos
Angola
Santos
Yaounde Central African Paul Biya Philemon Yang
Cameroon
CFA franc
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
Addis Ababa Ethiopian birr Mulatu Teshome Hailemariam
Ethiopia
Desalegn
Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi Yahya Jammeh
Accra Ghanaian cedi John Dramani
Ghana
Mahama
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Uhuru Kenyatta
Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar Fayez al-Sarraj
Antananarivo Malagasy ariary Hery Olivier Mahafaly
Madagascar
Rajaonarimampianina Solonandrasana
Bamako West African CFA Ibrahim Boubacar Modibo Keita
Mali
franc Keïta
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January
9th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas ( NRI Day)
10th World Hindi Day/ World Laughter Day
12th National Youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)
15th Army Day
18th National Immunization Day (Polio Day)
23rd National Day of Patriotism
24th National Girl Child Day
25th National Voters Day
26th India’s Republic Day/ International Customs day
27th International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
28th Birth Anniversary Lala Lajpat Rai
30th Death Anniversary Mahatma Gandhi (Martyrs’ / Sarvodaya Day)
30th World Leprosy Eradication Day
February
1st Feb Indian Coast Guard Day
2nd Feb World Wetland Day
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March
1st Zero Discrimination Day
3rd World Wildlife Day, National Defence Day
National Security Day (Rashtriya Suraksha Diwas),World Day of Fight Against Sexual
4th
Exploitation.
8th International Women’s Day
10th Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Raising Day
12th World Kidney Day
13th World Rotaract Day
14th Pi Day
15th World Consumer Rights Day
18th Ordnance Factories’ Day
20th World Sparrow Day, International Day of Happiness
21st International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
21st World Poetry Day, International Day of Nowruz
21st International Day of Forests, World Down Syndrome Day
22nd World Water Day
23rd World Meteorological Day
24th World Tuberculosis Day
International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave
25th
Trade
27th World Theatre Day
28th Earth Hou
April
4th April International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
6th April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
7th April World Health Day
11th April National Safe Motherhood Day 2015
12th April International Day of Human Space Flight
17th April World Hemophilia Day
18th April World Heritage Day
21st April National Civil Services Day
22nd April World Earth Day
23rd April World Book and Copyright Day, English Language Day
24th April National Panchayati Day
25th April World Malaria Day
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May
1st May International Labour Day
3rd May World Press Freedom Day, International Sun Day ,International Energy Day
May 04 Coal Miners Day(Intl.), International Firefighters’ Day
1st (Tue) 1st (Tue)World Asthma Day takes place each year on the first Tuesday in May.
1st (Sun) 1st (Sun) World Laughter Day
May 05 World Athletics Day, World Midwives Day
May 06 World No Diet Day
May 08 World Red Cross Day, Remembrance and Reconciliation for Lost Lives of Second World War
May 09 World Thalassaemia Day
May 10 International Migratory Bird Day
May 11 National technology day
May 12 International Nurses Day
May 13 International Criminal Court Day
May 15 International Day of the Families
May 17 World Tele-communication and Information Society Day,Wold AIDS Vaccination day, World
Hypertension Day, International day against Homophobia and Transphobia
May 18 World Museum Day
May 20 World Meteorology Day
May 21 National Anti Terrorism Day, National Day for Cultural Development
May 22 International Day for Biological Diversity
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 25 World Missing Childrens day
May 29 International Day of Peacekeepers
May 31 World Anti Tobacco Day
June
June 1 World Milk Day
June 4 World Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 8 World Brain Tumor Day, World Oceans Day
June 12 World Day Against Child Labor
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 15 World elder abuse awareness day
3rd (Sun) World Father’s Day
June 16 International Integration Day
June 18 International Picnic Day
June 20 World Refugee Day
June 21 World Music Day
June 23 International Olympic Day, United Nations Public Service Day, International Widows Day
June 26 International Day against Drug abuse and Illicit Trafficking, International Day in support of
Victims of torture
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July
July 1 International Joke Day, World Doctor’s Day
July 2 World Sports Journalists Day, World UFO day
1st International Day of Cooperatives
July 06 World Zoonoses Day
July 07 World Chocolate Day
July 11 World Population Day
July 12 International Malala Day
July 18 International Nelson Mandela Day
July 26 Kargil Vijay Diwas or Kargil Memorial Day or Kargil Victory Day
July 28 World Nature Conservation Day, World Hepatitis Day
July 29 International Tiger Day
August
First International Friendship Day
(Sun)
6-Aug Hiroshima Day, Anti Nuclear Day
8-Aug World Senior Citizen Day
9-Aug Nagasaki Day, International Day of the World’s Indigenous People, Quit India Day
12-Aug International Youth Day
13-Aug International Left Handers Day
14-Aug Pakistan’s Independence Day
15-Aug India’s Independence Day, International Mourning Day
19-Aug World Humanitarian Day, World Photography Day
National Sadbhavna Divas or Birthday of Rajiv gandhi, World Mosquito Day, Indain Akshay
20-Aug Urja Diwas
National Senior Citizen Day , International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its
21-Aug Abolition
23-Aug National Sports Day or Dhyanchand's Birthday
29-Aug International day of the victims of enforced Disappearances
30-Aug International Friendship Day
September
2-Sep World Coconut Day
5-Sep National Teacher’s Day or Dr. Radhakrishanan's Birth Day, Sanskrit Day
7-Sep World Forgiveness Day
8-Sep World Literacy Day
10-Sep World Anti-Suicide Day
14-Sep Hindi Diwas or Hindi Day, World First Aid Day
15-Sep International Day of Democracy, International Engineer’s Day
16-Sep World Ozone Day
20-Sep RPF Foundation day
World Peace Day or International day for Peace and Non-violence (UN), World Alzheimer’s
21-Sep Day
22-Sep World Cancer Free Day or Rose Day
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October
1st(Mon) World Habitat Day
1-Oct World Vegetarian Day, International Day of the older/Elderly
2-Oct Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence
3-Oct World Nature Day
4-Oct World Animal Day
5-Oct World Teacher’s Day
6-Oct World Wildlife Day
8-Oct Indian Air Force Day
9-Oct World Postal or Post-office Day
10-Oct World Mental Health Day, National Post-office Day
11-Oct International Day of the Girl Child
2nd(Thu) World Sight Day
12-Oct World Arthritis Day
13-Oct International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
14-Oct World Standards Day
15-Oct Global Hand Washing Day, International Day of Rural Women, World White Cane Safety Day
16-Oct World Food Day
17-Oct International Poverty Day for it's Eradication
20-Oct World Osteoporosis Day, World Statistics Day, National Solidarity day
24-Oct UN Day, World Development Information Day, World Polio Day
27-Oct World day for Audio Visual Heritage
28-Oct International Animation Day
31-Oct World Savings Day or World Thrift day, Halloween Day
November
1-Nov World Vegan Day
International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed
6-Nov Conflict
7-Nov Infant Protection Day, World Cancer Awareness Day
8-Nov World Radiology Day
9-Nov World Legal Service Day
10-Nov World Science day for Peace and Development, Public Transport Day
11-Nov National Education Day
12-Nov World Pneumonia Day, Public Service Broadcasting Day
13-Nov World Kindness Day
14-Nov Children’s Day(India), World Diabetes Day
16-Nov International Day for Endurance or Tolerance
17-Nov International Students Day, Gurunanak Dev's Birth Anniversary, National eplilepsy day
19-Nov World Toilet Day, International Men’s Day, National Integration Day
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December
1-Dec World AIDS Day
2-Dec World Computer Literacy Day, International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
3-Dec International Day of People with Disability or World Disability Day
4-Dec Indian Navy Day
5-Dec International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
7-Dec International Civil Aviation Day, Indian Armed Force Flag Day
9-Dec The International Anti-Corruption Day
10-Dec World Human Rights Day, International Children's Day of Broadcasting
11-Dec International Mountain Day, UNICEF Day
14-Dec National Energy Conservation Day(India)
16-Dec Vijay Diwas
18-Dec International Migrants Day, National Minority Rights Day
19-Dec Goa’s Libration Day
20-Dec International Human Solidarity Day
23-Dec National Farmer’s Day or Kisan Diwas
25-Dec Good Governance day
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