Name: Megan Hamberg Date: November 29, 2017

Responding to: FO Ch 10, PKT 173-188

Summary, outline, or diagram of key concepts:

Theories of motivation
1. Need Hierarchy: people are motivated by desire to satisfy specific needs that are
arranged in ascending order
a. Physiological
b. Safety
c. Social
d. Esteem
e. Self-actualization
2. Achievement-power-affiliation: all people have a need to achieve, a need for power,
and a need for affiliation. Level of intensity varies from person to person.
3. Two-factor: outcomes are identified by either job satisfaction(motivators) or job
dissatisfaction (hygiene factors)
4. Expectancy: people are motivated to work if they think their efforts will be rewarded
and if they value the rewards that are being offered
5. Reinforcement: consequences of a past action influence future actions. Reinforced
behavior will be repeated, behavior that is not reinforced is less likely to be repeated
Leadership
● an effective leader influences others
○ formal vs. informal leaders
● leadership development: feedback, networking, coaching, mentoring, job assignments
1. laissez-faire, autocratic, and democratic leadership
2. Leadership Grid: possible leadership styles based on mapping out concern for
production/results and concern for people
3. Leadership continuum: range of possible leadership behaviors related to degree of
authority used by the manager and the amount of freedom available to subordinates
4. Contingency approach: variables determine if a given situation is favorable to a
leader’s success: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
5. Reciprocal approaches: focus on interaction among leaders and their followers than on
characteristics of the leader themselves
Management vs Leadership
● complexities vs. change
● organizes people to achieve goals vs. aligning people toward goals, helping achieve
goals
● controls people vs. motivates people
Personal change: develop habits that will help individuals continually learn
Organizational change: managing change is essential

Perceptions of leadership higher for students who had been exposed to leadership
coursework, lectures, readings.
Leadership is difficult to define. Dietitians need to reflect on their own leadership styles and
explore ways to enhance their leadership abilities. Research is needed to determine the best
strategies for preparing dietitians to have leadership positions.
So. . . .
There are numerous theories of leadership and motivation out there. I think that is due to the
importance of the topic and the nature of the topic. It is important to develop skills that make
you an effective leader. While not everyone will be a formal leader, I do think that everyone
will be put into some kind of informal leadership position. Also, because there are so many
theories out there I think that means that there isn’t really any one right way to be a leader.
That’s where your own personality and judgment of the situation comes in.
I’m still not sure about:
How can effective leadership really be accurately measured? Who is to be the judge of what it
means to be successful in that?