fLozzDLArroo
-TAIJg FLoTArtaxr
a-Lt>ett.*-
Aer€F
€rs't€f- ?f<€
f rur6
COA?e-€','"
*f:c
m
AI P- TA.'E
LtteN'f
?*aa'-. r F:r za r '.-rr
A IF.-
vc'-< 4'
Fig. Prob. 5-3
70
Chapter 6
PIPING PLANS AND ELEVATIONS
illre piping drafter "wades into deeper water,, you can locate all remaining equipment with
beginning the piping plans and elevations. centerlines.
drawings contain all the information Your next task is to draw in the outlines of the
Essary to construct the system. Flow diagrams, equipment you just located. Any nozzles, platforms,
fdiagrams, structural drawings, and vendor in_ concrete pads, or foundations that will show should
must all be used to obtain the informa- be drawn at this time. lf the equipment is inside a
necessary to create the piping plans and eleva_ building, then the walls and structuralsteel columns
These drawings are the true representatives should be drawn. The first stages of a layout are
piping drafting. Let's examine how they
shown in Fig. 6-1.
drawn. At this point, you will have used tank and eguip-
ment drawings, structural drawings, site plans, and
PIPING PLANS general arrangements for references.
lhe PIPING PLANS are important drawings thar
PIPING LAYOUT
a large investment of time once they are
Ited. The best approach is to ,,be prepared,,
The flow diagram or p & ldiagram comes into play
putting any lines on the drawing paper. To
when you work on the piping layout. you must
the piping plans, you must use flow know the size and type of pipe that runs between
vendor information, structural drawings,
equipment. This information is found on the flow
drawings, equipment schedules, project diagram. An experienced pipe drafter is responsi_
ications, and possibly site plans and general
ble for routing the pipes without assistance, but the
nts. Know where all this information is junior drafter often works from sketches or pre_
before you begin. liminary drawings done by the group leader, an
engineer, or a designer.
NT LAYOUT
Draw the pipe centerlines lightly. lf an area
st, determine the amount of space on the paper
will be congested with pipe, sketch both plans
will be used for the equipment layout drawing.
and elevations first to check for clearances.
Fig. 6-2 shows the addition of pipes to our plan
l your limits. Decide upon a scale, if you view.
't already. Next, locate and draw the lf you encounter difficulty in visualizing the turns
rlines of the principal piece or pieces of equip_
and run of the piping, begin by laying out one or
that will show on the plan. The location of the
more of the sections you plan to draw. This will give
ment on the drawing will be determined by the you another dimension, or viewpoint, to work with
of the mill you're working with and the coor_
when drawing the plan view.
s of the match lines you are using (if any).
TCH LINES are used when anothei drawing PIPE BREAKS
of the area adjacent to the one you,re work-
Match lines may be needed on more than lmportant features of a piping system are often
side depending on the size of the area being
hidden below, or behind, pipes on plan and eleva-
,n. Some plans do not need match lines. Once
tion views. The best way to show the hidden
pieces of equipment have been located,
features is to "break" the pipe. PIPE BREAKS are
71
Irt
irr
h
rT
hl
Lr
i4
Ir
E..l
Fig. 6-2. Single line pipes are added to plan shown in Fig. 6-1.
72
Piping Plans and Elevations
ryhere pipes intersect, the one that Fig. 6-5. Which pipe is farthest from you?
viewer should have the break sym-
ft has been broken to show hidden
Sthich pipe is the farthest from you DIMENSIONING
c{
,_ (o
Y-o
O-\
$nr 0
ll-
!-r
r-lI .;
ctj
Fd B
o
s.
o
c
6, so
,9-,L t\: o
.t,
J.:
lr|
E
o
10
:o
Li
16:
(o
o
'oi (o
J o
rl, o
o
C
E
C
C,
-s o
\- .9
$ o
h o
,E
o
d
9 (o
gI c;
iI
t
u
Par
F-l
<s
il
ci;
F[J
ul
5
o
9
I
(33)) L
,z-,21 u
L
,tO-.8?
74
I
Piping Plans and Elevations
]hc structural columns are often referred to as a "bay," which makes sense.
hes" and "column lines," and they are
with numbers and letters. Bay lines span the VALVES AND INSTRUMENT PLACEMENT
d a building and column lines run the length.
tp6ce between bay lines is referred to as The flow diagram or P & I diagram becomes the
TYPE
23N-GR; NCDUI-AF NI.REs
CRANE T92 2-6 INTEG. SOLID MOLDED I RON IRON EPT 304 SS
Z3N-GR NUUULAT NI . RES
B'FLY CRANE s93 2-70 I NTEG. SOLID MOLDED I RON IRON EPT 304 SS
OJZLUrc KE. I. StPu 5Hvti
DOfiIECT
DEZURIK 666KGL. ?-4 I NTEG. SOLID RI NG STEEL STEEL EPT 316 ss
!lrHU. 632LDK Rtl. 5 tr4l 5tMl
LU6 DEZURIK 666 KEG! 6-20 I NTEG. SOLI D RI NG STEEL STEEL EPT 316 SS
,nEss. ttt-u6t ,IUUUL'{T( I\UUULAI
TATING KEYSTONE -401 2=i4 iNTEG. SOLI D MOLDED I RON I RON EPDI| / 3]6 SS
LLL.UO
150 l.r KEYSTONE -4r7
/r-ro I NTEG. SOLI D MOLDED
I\UUULAI(
I RON
IIUUULAI
I RON EPDP 3'16 SS
YI'LVE MEEHA-
ro. CENTE RL I NF I T-HO 2-4 I NTEG SOLID MOLDED NITE 315 SS FPT 3i5 ss
I'IEEHA-
I-52r CFNTFRI TNF IT-flG 6- ?n sor I t) ?16 ss
I NTFG. MOI DFI) NTTF FPT 315 ss
23N-SS \lODULAR
TY?E
CRANF TA2 ?-6 I NTFG s0r TN MOt nFn T DNN 316 ss FPT 3'15 ss
23N-SSi NODULAR
I'FLY CRANE sq? ? -1n T NTFG snt Tn Mnt nFn I RON 3't5 SS FPT 3't5 ss
DIXEgT 632LDR: RET. SEMI
DEZURI K 663KGr : ?-A INTFG sot I tl PT NN STTFI 315 ss FPT 315 SS
IIIRD. 632LDR: RET. SEMI
ttE DFTI'RI K 66 3KEGI 6-20 INTFG. sot I f) QINN STtrtrI 316 SS FPT ?16 qs
mcss- 722-80 NODULAR
alTrilG KEYSTONE -dn1 2-4 INTEG sot Iu 316
MOI DFN I RON SS FPDM 315 SS
122-801 !ODULAR
tqrl Lt K TYSTON F - c17 6-?O I NTFN qor Tn MOt nFn I DNN 315 ss FPNM ?16 qs
urlE MEEHA- NI.PL.
m- CENTERL I NE AA-HO 2-4 I NTEG SOLI D MOLDFT) NIIF I RON EPT 304 SS
NI . PL.
MEEHA-
]-sn CENTERLI NE AA-CLG 5- 30 INTEG. SOLI D MOLDED NITE I RON EPT 304 SS
2 1F-GRi !ODULAR NI.RES
TY"E
CRANF r92 2-6 INTEG sot Tn MOt nFn T RON I PNN EPT 304 ss
2 1F-GR: 'IODULAR Ni. RES
IIrl Y qa? 2-'to INTFG I ANN qs
CRANE SOLID MOI DFD T PNN FPT ?na
632l^,DR: SEMi
mcI DEZURI K 666KAr l ?-?4 ]NTFG sol Tn
BONDED/
OtrMNV qTFFI
SEI'II
STFFI FPT 316 sq
632l^JRS BCNDED SEMi SEI4I
UNFFR DEZURi K 666KEGI 6-20 I NTEG. SOLID REMOV. STEFL STEEL EPT 316 SS
rc.
:n*G
!ODULAR NODULAI
KEYSTONE 100- 2-4 I NTEG. SOLID MOLDED I RNN IRON EPDM 304 SS
\lODULAR NODULAI
lqII U KEYSTONI 100- 6-20 I NTEG. SOLID MOLDFT) I R,NN T PNN EPDI4 304 SS
'rxEsE vALvEs wtLL BE usED FoR THrs pRoJEcr. ALTERNATE MUsr HAVE AppRovAL oF THE
PROJECT ENGINEER.
Fig. 6-7. Chart lists valve specifications from project standards. (Sandwell lnternational, lnc.)
75
Process PiPe Drafting
principal reference for finding the number and place- is determined by the fluid within the pipe. ffii
ment of valves and instruments. You also need to flange has a pressure sensing device inserted gG
use the project specifications to determine the type a tapped hole. These devices measure the ftorl
of valves used on specific pipes, and the type of difference on either side of the orifice plate wh bca
connections needed for different instruments. Fig. can then be converted to the flow rate of the pipe- A
6-7 is an example of valve specifications. Valves A minimum amount of turbulence within the pi lxrr
should be drawn to scale and located in the best is required for this measurement. Therefore, a cer fr.tsl
possible position for easy access. lnstruments are tain amount of straight pipe is required before tud
shown as a circle with the code and loop number orifice plate. This dimension is noted in tma(
inside. specifications as "X number of pipe diameters." lt
Valves in a straight run of pipe should be krcated appears on the piping plan as shown in Fig. 6-10-
with a dimension. This dimension should be to the m{
face of the mating flange as shown in example A
in Fig. 6-8. Valves that are attached to fittings do
I
not normally have to be dimensioned because it is
a "fitting-to-fitting" assembly. See example B
in Fig. 6-8.
t
,tlb1l{r
G
PE
5r
SFE
(12 x t!?+) &ti
ft
Fig. 6-1O. Portion of piping plan gives proper location and
dimensioning of orifice plate in straight pipe run- kt
ili
Bl $r'
NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS q
Fig. 6-8. Locating valves: A - Valve in pipe run, dimen-
sion required. B
- Fitting-to-fitting assembly, no dimension After dimensions, NOTES are the most revealing
required.
aspect of the piping plan. Notes and callouts explain Yt
and describe things. ABBREVIATIONS are often a h
big part of the notes. General notes, of course, are dil
Seldom do instruments have to be located with shown to one side of the drawing. Local notes iden- #
a dimension. A common exception is the flow meter tify individual items on the drawing. M
or ORIFICE FLANGE, Fig. 6-9. This unit is basically Notes should be added to the drawing after the Lll
two flanges with a plate inserted between them. dimensions have been placed. Remember, dimen- Its
The plate has a small hole in the center, and its size sions are important and should be given preference. tr,
76
Piping Plans and Etevations
ffiL 6-11. Piping plan shows dimensions, notes, Sections may be drawn at the same scale as the
specifications. plan or larger, depending on the required arnount
of detail to be shown. Most sections are the same
scale as the plan. lf you are not confident in choos-
ing the locations of sections, your supervisor wilt
PE SPECIFICATIONS AND SYMBOLS
do it for you. But in any situation, a logical view to
Pipes are idbntified on the piping plans in the
mre manner as on the flow diagram. The plpE
SPECIFICATION SYMBOLS shoutd be ptaced
&ectly in the pipe. lf no space is available, place
,ilre symbol near the pipe and point to it
with a
o
hader- The pipe spec symbols should be one of the leL. zta\G. I
77
Process Pipe Drafting
choose is the one on the plan that shows the best fore, always check the project specifications
view of the equipment, such as A-A in Fig. 6-12. drawing or dimensioning any new pipes.
After that, the number and locations of sections
depends on the amount of detail left to show. STRUGTURAL FEATURES
78
L+t1te.eyz
I' Coxozp+eql
t*. l^-
I
{ f,>r1';1;.a"
':q-E
f er-.,s6' -rci
(P:iI:2-)
EL tab'-*L. (F,'.,)
j=..851--?
tair5r
{er- i+e..1'
4't>' fzo.
tEL. lr5-t
1eL t)7'-a'
'-E!.1->-'':
a-wt^- B
r::- E! 12',.zyo:
i" ",:5J
z_y@;tT\
O:;; "e.;;;9;-@
@ _EF',-5'
@
@a A
A
- 1EL.rta.1'
u^._--,-E
-la6-EeL-tq'-oy*
-ovt;
C,o'-_rCF
,ZA
4-e, tt'-r-t
E 4 e?r 2rr'
A
zzWY-Z Le;to'-zrf,
+E 9t-trt. -
b.;ra-;
PIJM7 i EL.9o'- 6,-
--q-
a\fafr,xt:l - *
KRP-uaa, -
t4'.r'o
Fig. 6-13. Section E_E is taken from Fig. 6-6.
{Weyerhaeuser Co.)
79
Process Pipe Drafting
I
I al
u
mE
(
r
xr
m
ffirl[flUl-
Fig. 6-14. Elevation view of a pipe rack illustrates structural features.
,nt
I
E-l
ild
EV
Ulr
AB L
r&Er
SHADING CONCRETE SYMEOL . DASHED LINES
ln your eff ort to create a neat and easily First of all, you should be familiar with your school
understood drawing, there are certain things you or company standards and use that information to
need to keep in mind. These include: adhering to construct your drawings. When you're not sure of
company standards; maintaining good line contrasu a symbol size or equipment shape, consult the stan-
checking and cross-checking your work; and spell- dards. The company standards set a consistency
ing all words correctly. of style for all company process pipe drawings,
80
Piping Plans and Elevations
SPELLING
?E-zfj:2"
NTRAST
REVIEW QUESTIONS
t leave the checking to the checker. Have 1. Briefly describe the steps involved
in the in_
One day you may be a checker. Check your itial layout of equipment and pipe on piping
a
you go. Periodically review what you plan.
have
reck your work for drawing or inac_
measurements. Cross_check "rrori
your line
)ns on the piping drawings with the flow
Make sure they correspond. Check for
rences. There always will be in_
Process PiPe Drafting
PROBLEMS
How does a drafter check for clearances in a
congested area?
PROB. 6-1. Redraw the engineering sketches in
Figs. Prob. 6-1A and Prob. 6-1B as a
single line plan and elevation. Choose
What features are equipment dimensioned to? your scale and use B size vellum.
a.
What type of information must the drafter refer Fig. Prob. 6-1A
to in order to properly locate nozzles on the
elevation views?
a.
b.
How does the presentation of background in-
formation differ f rom the actual piping?
a2
Piping Plans and Elevations
TAN }<
O'P x a'-a'n.
Fig. Prob. 6-2A
!ir
Prob. 6-28
83
l
h
Chapter 7 CU
NOTES are an essential part of piping drawings. drawings. However, revisions are a vital part of the
A world of information is contained within them, design process, though sometimes carried to the
so it is important that they are written correctly. extreme by over-zealousness and carelessness.
Notes are often "peppered" with ABBREVIA- ln this chapter, we will look at notes, abbrevia-
TIONS which, if used properly, can save drafting tions, the purpose of revisions, and the manner in
time and space on the drawing. which they are handled on drawings. We will see
REVISIONS (changes, deletions, corrections) on why notes are necessary; who decides what goes
the other hand, are looked upon with scorn by many in the general notes; how local notes differ from
drafters because it means erasing portions of their general notes; and why revisions occur.
NOTE3:
4'4 b.d.10 4'O a?va l. ALL ?t?tttc, Zrz" Lr D De.Lcv t5 tl.iav\t
u,b. ,IAAEAMMATICALLY ONLY. XA'T LOCATIC)N
I, 1O 9E I7ETERMINED IN.THE = FIELD BY
THE l2IFIN6 C.j>t\ITRA6TCR..
+,.FIFE !:,IME\!9IOLJ' TO CAUIPMENT gE
'AP\ FreLD .}{ea<eD by Pt?txt6 <tNTe.A,aTcE
'F.LL:
beFO<e FdIBRTCATION CF PlPtu4r_
z'o r'LET ,/
4 PLAL€5 / ?I?E 9U?7CRT3 ARE TA 9E FUR.NI'HED A'NP
IIJSlALLEP O'{ ?tPt$a, aONJT<aaTCR.
,e.E LINE PE'I6X,IATION TAAL= FC<. MATER!.\L
4 a|Lae9+
,-TOP oF TLrJK MATeRTAL Ct\t, ,eE 2Pa(iFtc.\It iN-
ilF.w:' aeNcTet
FteLD U/ELP. !2,' '<tta
ALLCVANae To ga LoOe? r.) D|MENS|ON
,HO\VN OlJ l4OMeTRl(.'_
DETAIL 3
NO 2LALE
Fig. 7-1 . This piping drawing presents a good example of proper layout for general notes.
Notes, AbbreviationS, and Revisions
When placing the note on the drawing, keep it as Fig. 7-3. Single line pipe drawing contains many different
close as possible to the part it refers to. Fig. 7-2 valves, each properly labeled for identification.
shows acceptable placement of local notes.
MISCELLANEOUS LABELS
85
)
Process Pipe Drafting
process, and it is in your best interest to become the cloud is erased on the next revision. local n
aware of that fact as soon as possible. lt is difficult The revision block itself is shown in Fig. 7-S. lt
to change something that is not yet on paper and is composed of the revision letter or number, a
can't be seen. But once a system becomes visible
to all in a drawing, it is subject to criticism and
changes.
KEV|SEIz 4"-az-e,a?DeD euev. e
vALVet, ApeED VALve cLLLauTb.
BEVIS|ON |DENTIF|CAT|ON
, REVzeP z',-WY-?, Aooeo ?"-wrt+
oNbal@N, c-c ANA E-E,
-
A preliminary drawing (one not yet approved by Loq@'to? \yoexl, -to 1\t- n Z? n _ q?o4 3. Howar
the chief engineer) can be changed and attered f Xq ry -fior,h@L?.81.E \ a-v-u,o'
.
without recording the changes. Buttnce it has been RELEA9EP be-LT. <.-c
approved for release to a ctient, all revisions must
be noted on the drawing and logged in a speciat
REVISIONS BLOCK. 4. Where
The area that is revised is often circled with a specifi
"cloud." See Fig. 7-4. This cloud usualty is drawn Fig. 7-5. Revision block identifies and describes revision;
on the back of the drawing to facitiiate easy also gives date made, who made reyision, and who
approved it.
86
Notes, Abbreviations, and Revisions
description of the revision, the name or initials of ldentify the following abbreviations:
Sre person making the revision, the date made. and
lhe initials of the person who approved the revision. 5. CPLG
Companies may vary stightly on the information re- ECC
qrired in the revision block. OAL
The final aspect of the revision is found in the title FOB
block, often in the lower right corner. This little 6. NPT
Uock, Fig. 7-6, contains the current revision
RF
mmber, which is handy when searching through
files of old blueprints to find a specific revision. NOM
One last warning: Always send the client a copy TE
of the latest revision. lt won't do anyone any good 7. SPEC
i[you make the revision and file it away. They may GSKT
lnave dug the trench in the wrong area and ruptured
FW
a natural gas line. And you may be standing in the
uremployment line. TOE
8. BE
TL
SR
APPROVED ron
CONSTRUCTION PS
9. STM
TOG
ffiffi
MS
CFM
10. DIA
API
7-6. Title block contains current revision number in tso
lower right c-grner. (sandwell lnternational, lnc.) SO FLG
ta 11. CO
NIP
ed
I REVIEW OUESTIONS BC
tc
n- IE
lrt I- What is the diffeience between general and 12. F-F
local notes?
WOG
h FDN
a
NTS
87
Process Pipe Drafting
17. What kind of information is found on the revi- c. A 12" slip-on flange with a bolt
sion block? cle of 17".
A
Y=-
f2'r
;i
88
L=,
Notes, Abbreviations, and Revisions
8".
8"
of
l" ?oo*
ta
)".
bn 'rz" QNrp. TaE.
9-
to
ri-
hd
ld
he
he -l?o*'.v,N. F'-e. L7^o Nte \iio.o. FLq.
q b.FLq. (ra5' *,
,T1b-u.l To Ecc. F\1E;D.{B.L.)
I
2
3
89
Chapter I
PIPING ISOMETRICS
An ISOMETRIC DRAWING is one in which three Remember the isometric axis? You wiil use it to
sides of an object can be seen in one view. lt is a lay out all of your isometric drawings. Take a look
type of pictorial drawing. Unlike perspective draw- at the simple isometric in Fig. 8-2, and note that
ings, the isometric can be measured and drawn with all directions of the pipe match the three isometric
relative ease. axis lines. Later, we will see that some lines may
This ease of measurement and layout, and deviate from one of the axis lines.
realistic appeaiance, make the piping isometric a
popular drawing within the industry. Some com_
panies use it in lieu of piping plans and elevations;
others use it to supplement the plans. lsometrics
can also be used as fabrication and shop drawings
from which the pipe assemblies can be constructed.
And, most importantly, piping isometrics can be us_
ed to calculate angular offsets in the pipe run.
ISOMETRIC LAYOUT
90
Piping lsometrics
line symbols or other structural reference on the plans and elevations except that they are
that provide location are also shown in Fig. shown at an isometric angle. See Figs. 8-4 and 8-5.
Dimensions must always be given to these Remember that elbows can be drawn a couple of
of reference, but only once in each plane. Mill ways, so check your company or school standards
ates may also be shown on the isometric before you draw. Example A in Fig. 8-6 shows
elbows represented as curved. This is a bit more
realistic than example B, which depicts them with
RIC PLANES
sguare corners. The square corner method is used
planes exist in isometric drawings. more often because it is quicker to draw. Note the
correct isometric ellipse orientation indicated in
ore, valves and fittings can be shown in a
example A in Fig. 8-6.
of ways. lt is up to you to choose the cor-
orientation. Fig. 8-4 illustrates the three planes
possible positions of fittings and valves. CONNECTED PIPING
G SYMBOLS AND ORIENTATION Most companies show only one run of pipe per
isometric drawing. However, many pipes have bran-
8-5 shows both good and bad metho.ds of ches andior "tributaries." These generally are
ing fittings. A general rule to use is to'draw shown with a dashed line for a short distance past
fittings so that they are parallel to the last direc- the main run. See Fig. 8-7 . A note is used to indicate
change or branch in the pipe. lt tends to give the name or specification of the branch pipe.
inuity between the planes. Existing piping is often shown by using the dou-
ings are drawn the same shape as they appeal ble line method, as in Fig. 8-7. This technique is
\
t
,ot
8-3. Single line isometric piping drawing illustrates the need for various pipe lengths to be drawn in proportion.
'91
Process PiPe Drafting
HOBTZONTAI- OFFSETS
it distinguishes new from existing VERTICAL OFFSETS can appear particularly con-
useful in that
fusing if you neglect to follow some of the sugges-
piping.
tions given here. Refer to examples C through F in
Fig. 8-8. A vertical pipe with an offset to the south
DRAWING ISOMETBIC OFFSETS
and up, if drawn technically correct, would appear
An "offset" is just that. The pipe is moved from as an east-west horizontal run. The angle should be
92
Piping lsometrics
F
:
I
@
'r'
Fig. 8-7. lsometric drawing shows connected piping. New piping is single line; existing piping is double line.
ta (Fitzgerald, Hagan & Hackathorn, lnc.)
ry
tic
raised approximately 22 1l2o to give the best
ng
appearance. See example C.
Similarly, a vertical pipe having a 45 o offset to
the west would appear as a north-south horizontal
run if drawn technically correct. ln this case, rotate
the line up 22 112o. Example D in Fig. 8-8 depicts
)tTl
this offset.
Dr-
td Examples E and F in Fig.. 8-8 show two cases in
m which the fudge factor does not have to be used.
Example E shows a vertical pipe run offset up 45 o
n-
an
to the east. When drawn technically correct, it is
te also isometrically correct. No change is needed.
The same situation is true with a verticalprpe t'rat
ds
1g
is offset 45 o down to the south. This particular
vertical offset is technically correct as drawn in
example F in Fig. 8-8. lt is also isometrically cor-
rect. No artistic alterations are needed.
You should constantly be aware of some of the
confusing qualities inherent in isometric piping
)I} VERTICAL OFFSETS
drawings, and always take measures to insrre ttrat
xt- these drawings are easily understood. Ore of tfiese
in measures is to draw in allsquaring lines (cenerhesl
n*t 8-8. Proper representation of isometric offsets is il- that represent the pipe run if only 9O o els were
ET lustrated. See explanatory text references. used in the run.
ti
93
)
Process Pipe Drafting
CAUCULATING ISOMETRIC OFFSETS sguares of the two sides. The hypotenuse is always
the side opposite the goo angle. Fig. 8-1O il-
When drawing offsets, you can often get by with lustrates the sides of a triangle and gives the three
an educated guess. But when determining pipe combinations of the "Pythagorean Theorem."
lengths and angles of the offset, precise calculations
enter the picture. lt is important that any beginning
pipe drafter develop a working knowledge of right
angle trigonometry. HYPOTENUSE
94
Piping lsometrics
a = y'gT= Sr
a b = jc2.- ;2-
g=.ia2+b2
REOUIRED
KNOWN
A I a b c Area
95
I
Process Pipe Drafting
146 979 2B't2 3646 4479 531 2 .6146 6979 7 812 8646 9479 3t8" 3750 alevatit
3t8" 031 2 | 1
7t16" 0365 r 198 2031 2865 3698 453 1 5365 .61 98 703 1 786 5 8698 953 1 7116" 4375 OT SCh,
1t2" 0417 t25A 2083 29't7 37 50 4583 541 7 .6250 7083 7917 87 50 9 583 1t2" 5000
6"
9t't 0469 r 302 21 35 2 969 3802 4635 5469 6.302 71 35 7969 8802 963 s 9t16" 562 5
5t8" o521 I 354 21 88 302 1 3854 4688 5521 6.3 54 71 88 802 1 8854 9688 5t8" 6250 in the
1 1/16 .o573 r 406 2240 3073 3906 47 40 5 573 .6406 7240 8073 8906 9740 1'l/16 687 5 point
3t4" .o625 r 458 2292 31 25 39 58 4792 5625 .6458 7292 81 25 89 58 9792 3t4" 7500
13/16 .0677 r 510 2344 317 7 401 0 4844 5677 .6510 7344 8't77 90'l o 9844 13/16 8125
7 t8" .o729 t562 2396 3229 4062 4896 57 29 .6 562 7 396 8229 9062 9896 7 t8" 8750
15/16 .o781 r61 5 2444 328 1 41'l 5 4948 578 1 .661 5 7 448 8281 9t15 9948 15i16 937 5
final
One of
Fig. 8-14, Table converts feet and inches to decimals. strould
Wtren c
r(wsh(
Enes. E
7',-6 3t4"
TAN A _a
b b
TANA=3'-21l2"
7' - 6 3t4"
N
TAN A = 3.2083 becorr
a
N
7.5625
o
TAN A = -4242
A = 22o 59'
97
Process Pipe Drafting
TRAVEL:
2. Sketch the three isometric axes and label the
angle from horizontal of each.
'l '1. Sketch a one inch isometric cube
below, and
letter the words "top,', ',fronl,,, and ,,side,,
on the appropriate planes in isometric letter_
ing. Dimension the cube.
L
3. Why do you think that piping isometrics are
seldom drawn to scale?
5. What is an offset?
PROBLEMS
6. What are squaring-in lines and why are they PROB. B-1. Draw the pipe assemblies in Fig. prob.
used? 3-3 in isometric form.
PBOB. 8-2. ln the spaces provided, draw piping
isometrics of each arrangement shown
7. Who was C.K. Smoley and what is he known in examples A through D in Fig. prob.
f or? B-2. These can be freehand or done
with a straightedge.
PROB. 8-3. Draw an isometric of the four pipe
assemblies in Fig. prob. g_2 on C size
vellum. Show all dimensions, eleva_
8- When do trigonometric formulas have to be tions, and callouts. Use standard
used in pipe drafting? dimensions for gate valves.
PROB. 8-4. Redray th" piping assembties
prob. 8-2 from two other
in Fig.
viewpointl.
9. your drawings must be isometric.
What is a rolling offset?
PROB. 8-5. Solve the problems in examples
A
through E in Fig. prob. g-5 ior the
unknown value indicated. Write your
answers in the spaces provided.
98
L
'iping lsometrics
*!.275'-2"
W,
]'-rl
*t
Sketch of Fig. Prob. 8-28
99
Process Pipe Drafting
-Z
bTu
74e"
t\ EL.1f3^'
2l+"
-\ 7-4
(r +
-6 I
I Y b 8e?.
lI.- D-
-O
^..l
-{ir
l
!
lsometric Sketch of Prob' 8-2C A-A
--Z :I
YI
c..
sl
I
W.
/il
lza'- ?"1
100
Piping lsometrics
-;L,?4b:7'/2"
eL.?>5'41'
f 47euu
ANSWER
ANSWER
ANSWER
101
Chapter g
PIPING SPOOLS
A SPOOL to a drafter or pipefitter is an assembly tion skills for the drafter as well as for the pipefit-
of pipe and fittings that can be welded in the shop ter who reads them. The centertine becomes the
in less time (and for less pay) than it would take to pipe, and it is drawn as a heavy line. Centerline
weld in the field (at the construction site). Hence, extensions are shown at elbows and flanges. Again,
a spool drawing is the last in a series of drawings use only the number of views required to ?ully
before the final torch is lit. lt basically is a describe the assembly. Fig. g-2 is a single line ver_
subassembly drawing that will be crumpled, iolded, sion of the spool shown in Fig. g-1.
and soiled by the working hands of welders and
pipefitters. lt becomes their shop drawing; their
instructions.
- Creation of spool drawings is often done by the
contractor. On occasion, they may be done by the
engineering firm, job shoppers, or free-lancers.
"Spools" are simple drawings, but imponant ones. LES A
Let's take a look at how they,re made.
How mu
LAYOUT AND CONSTRUCTION ino? T
Two basic methods are used to illustrate pipe drafte
spools: the single line and double line methods. Both normally
are used in industry, and each has its advantages. eyanc
actor'
DOUBLE LINE SPOOLS shop tc
Fig. 9-1. Orthographic layout of a double line pipe
l so big. I
L
\
Piping Spools
s wishing to keep drafting time to a spools at a certain scale, depending on the size of
while maintaining an easily interpreted the spool and the pipe diameter. The no-scale
resort to the "single-double" (hybrid or method is quick, and it is often used by contrac-
eed) method. You guessed it. The pipe is tors concerned with cutting costs. ln both cases,
n in single line, and the fittings are drawn written dimensions are the "sacred cows" of these
le line. An example is shown in Fig. 9-3. drawings. These must be accurate. Check dimen-
sions two or three times.
DIMENSIONING SPOOLS
AND SIZE
103
insidt
pointi
J
s
5S*
o lr I
I
3il
O1l s,
the bi
descr
E,
lrl
F
: +, I
q'*i;
2t
el alt of ite
MATI
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o er [- ut
HHI one c
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Ict
UT
o
oA
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st il c.
o
tity"
the n
GL c,
-)a
used
;.rtJ
o, o
ow2 (D estim
UF-
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02
(.& oA
c
(E
o,
(o
A con
numb
:E fitting
oe si the la
zfr C,
o) comp
o o,
zd N Alu
ai
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-t
tL and tt
o this in
+R -c curatt
T?- k 3
(, mater
=Y Y
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6o
- o-
o
oU
z at,
The
f,
(9 1C been
<a .c techn
€>- ?6
-O
O-
cC,
C
made
r< o tems.
<r
t3
!
l
books
uJ9 oi Yot
Hs (, prima
'=
l-f o laid o
i.t (E
drafte
notes,
= be yor
in
that t
o Pipr
o)
o-
t
sibiliti
(o arran(
x
tJ.l locatir
,.r; duties
o, plete\
c; the jot
iI
glarinl
site sr
Pror
there'l
piping
Piping Spools
II fhu
',MMARY
purpose of PROCESS PIPE DRAFTING has
I Ueen to introduce you to the basic concepts and 4. What is the most comrnon scale used on spool
I technlques inherent in piping drafting. This text has drawinos?
J made no attempts to teach design of piping sys-
I tems. That subject is covered thoroughly in other
I books. 5. Why is extra pipe often included on spool
J Yor, the drafter, should keep in mind that your drawings? l
1.5
Process Pipe Drafting
(1} SINGLE
105
Piping Spools
,r.r**tA
Irefitters use spool drawings to construct piping runs such as this insulated steam piping systern at a cal=: mill.
(Weyerhaeuser Co-)
107
APPENDIX A FLr
FLE
ABBREVIATIONS
FL(
FOI
This appendix presents common abbreviations used within the FO'
process piping industry and related fields. Refer to it often. Become
FRI
familiar with as many abbreviations as you can. Learn what they FS
stand for; you will see a lot of them on piping drawings' FT
FT(
\ CPLG / Coupling FT
CRS / Cold rolled steel F\^
\B / Anchor bolt
\lsl / American lron and Steel lnstitute CS / Carbon steel or cold sPring G
ANSI / American National Standards lnstitute CU FT / Cubic foot GA
API / American Petroleum lnstitute CU lN / Cubic inch GA
APP'D / APProved CU YD / Cubic yard GA
ARRG'T / Arrangement CYL / Cylinder GE
ASME / American SocietY of D GE
Mechanical Engineers DBL / Double GP
hssY / AssemblY DEPT / Department GP
ASTM / American Society for Testing DET / Detail GF
and Materials DIA (d) / Diameter GF
AUX / AuxiliarY DIM / Dimension GS
AVG / Average DISCH / Discharge G\
AWS / American Welding SocietY DP / Drip proof H
B DSGN / Design HT
DWG / Drawing
[ / Bay line or between centers . HI
BC / Bolt circle E
HE
BE / Beveled end H(
EA / Each
BEV / Bevel HI
ECC I Eccentric
BF {B'FLG} / Blind Flange H(
E-E / End to end
BF / Bronze fitted HT
EL / Elevation
BL / Bottom level HS
ELEC / Electric
BLDG / Building H'l
ELE'/ / Elevation
BOC i Bottom of conduit H\
El-L / Elbow
BOM (BiM) / Bill of Material
EMER / Emergency I
BOP / Bottom of PiPe
ENGR / Engineer ID
BOT / Bottom
EOUIP / Equipment IE
BRKT / Bracket
ERW / Electric resistance weld IN
BRS / Brass
EST / Estimate IN
BW / Buttweld
EVAP / Evaporator IN
c EXH / Exhaust IN
C / Channel steel EXIST i Existing IN
C to F / Center to face EXP JT / Expansion Joint IN
CFM / Cubic feet Per minute EXT / Extension IP
CHG / Change IP
F
Cl / Cast lron tS
CO i Chain operator or clean out FAB / Fabricate
FD / Floor Drain J
CON / Concentric
CONC / Concrete FDN / Foundation J(
FEM / Female JI
COND / Condensate
F / Fahrenheit
CONN / Connection K
F-F I Face to face
CONST JT / Construction ioint K
FH / Fixed hanger
CONT / Continue KI
FIG / Figure
CONTR / Contractor Kt
CONVR / ConveYor FIN / Finish
108
Abbreviations
FL / Floor L
FLEX I Flexible L / Angle steel
FLG / Flange LAB / Laboratory
FOB / Flat on bottom LBR / Lumber
FOI I Flat on top LG / Long
FBP / Fiberglass reinforced pipe LGTH / Length
FS / Forged steel LH / Left hand
FT / Foot (feet) LIN / Lineal
FTG / Fitting, footing LIQ / Liquor
FT LB / Foot pounds LP / Low pressure or Low point
FW / Field weld LR / Long radius
LTD / Limited
G
LUB / Lubricate
GA / Gage
GALV / Galvanize M
GALV STL / Galvanized steel MACH / Machine
GEN / General MAT'L / Material
GEN ARRG'T / General arrangement MAX / Maximum
GPH / Gallons per hour MCC / Motor control center
GPM / Gallons per minute MECH / Mechanical
GRD / Grade MED / Medium
GRND / Ground MFG / Manufacturing
GSKT / Gasket MH / Manhole
GV / Gate valve Ml / Malleable iron
H MS / Mild steel
HD / Head MTG / Mounting
HDR / Header MTB / Motor
HEX / Hexagon N
HGT / Height NC / Normally closed
Hl PRESS / High pressure NIP / Nipple
HORIZ / Horizontal NO / Normally open
HP i Horsepower NOM / Nominal
HS / High speed NOZ / Nozzle
HTR / Heater NPS / Nominal pipe size
HVY / Heavy NPT / National pipe thread
I NTS / Not to scale
lD / lnside diameter o
lE/ lnvert elevation OAL / Overall length
IND / lndicate OD / Outside diameter
INS / lnsulate OLT / Outlet
INSP / lnspect O-O / Out to out
INST / lnstrument OPNG / Opening
INSTL i lnstall OPP lOpposite
INV / lnvert OR,F / Orifice
lP / lron pipe OSHA / Occupational Safety & Health
IPS / lron pipe size
Administration
ISO i lsometric
P
J PE/ Plain end
JCT / Junction
PED I Pedestal
JT / Joint PEHM / Permanent
K PERP / Perpendicular
K / Kip (1Ooo lb) PL / Plate
KD / Kiln dried PNEU / Pneumatic
KW / Kilowatt PNL / Panel
109
Process Pipe Drafting
TURB / Turbine
REV / Revision
RF / Raised face
TYP lTypical
RPM / Bevolutions per minute V
S VAC / Vacuum
SCH / Schedule VAR / Variable
SCRD / Screwed VEL / Velocity
SCRN / Screen VERT / Vertical
SHT / Sheet VISC / Viscosity
S'LET / Sockolet VLE / Valve
SOC / Socket VOL / Volume
SO FLG / Slip on flange W
SPEC / Specification W / Wide flange steel shape
SR / Short radius w/ / with
SS / Stainless steel / Wrought iron
\A/l
STA / Station WN FLG / Weld neck flange
STD / Standard W'LET / Weldolet
STM / Steam WOG /Water oil and gas
STL / Steel WP / Working point
SUCT / Suction
SUP / Support X
SW / Socket weld XFMR / Transformer
SYM / Symmetrical XH / Extra heavy
SYS / System XMTR / Transmitter
XS / Extra strong
T XXS / Double extra strong
TBE / Thread both ends
110
APPENDIX B
WELDED FTTTING AND FLANGE DATA
This appendix provides two comprehensive Example B: Seamless Welded Fittings Chart
s of welded fitting and flange specifications. Find the inside diameter (1.D.) of an 8 in. diameter
he information contained in these charts is useful pipe with a wall thickness rating of "Sch. 80."
drawing fittings and flanges to scale, and 1. Locate "8" in Nom. Pipe Size column on left
calculating pipe and fitting assemblies. side of table.
The first chart gives specifications for Seamless 2. Find "Sch 8O" column under WALL
elded Fittings. The second chart covers ANSI NESS heading.
orged Steel Flanges. All specifications are coded 3. Find intersection of these two numbers. Wall
o nominal pipe size (NPS). thickness should be .5OO in-
To use the Seamless Welded Fittings chart, first 4. Multiply this number by two: .5OO x 2 :
the nominal pipe size of the fitting required, then 1.OOO.
for the letter that represents the dimension you 5. Under "Pipe O.D." column, find size fol an 8
d. Your answer will be at the intersection of in. N.P.S. pipe. lt should be 8-625.
ese two columns. 6. Subtract total wall thicknesses (1.OO) from
NOTE: When working with reducers and reduc- 8.625. l.D. of 8 in. diameter schedule 8O pipe
tees, always use the large end of the fitting as should be 7 .625. This is a good example of why
pipe size. 8 in. diameter designation is a "nominal pipe
The ANSI Forged Steel Flanges chart gives size" (commercial designation).
arious key dimensions for 1 5O-25OO lb. flanges
welding neck flange bores. When working with Example C: ANSI Forged Steet Ftanges Chart
is chart, use the same method of locating a need- Find the "Y" dimension for a 12 in. diameter
dimension as you employed with the fittings welding neck flange with a rating of 3OO lbs.
art. First find the NPS of the flange required, then 1 . Locate " 12" in Nom. Pipe Size column on chart.
for the letter or chart heading that represents 2. Find "Weld Neck" column under 3OO LB.
dimension you need. Again, your answer will FLANGES heading at top of chart-
at the intersection of these two columns. 3. Find intersection of these two variables. Your
Following are examples of how to use the charts answer should be 5 1/8".
find the dimension you need.
Example D: ANSI Forged Steel Flanges Chart
xample A: Seamless Welded Fittings Chart Find the "O" dimension of an 1 I in. N.P.S- 600
Find the "A" dimension for a 6 in. diameter, 90" lb. S.O. flange.
radius elbow. 1. Locate "O" column under 600 LB. FLANGES
Locate "6" in Nom. Pipe Size column on right heading in middle of chart.
side of table. 2. Find " 1 8" in Nom. Pipe Size column on left side
Find large letter " A" along top of chart. of chart.
Find intersection of these two. Dimension 3. Find intersection of these two numbers- Your
should be 9 in. answer should be 29 114 in.
111
Process Pipe Drafting
s- LoNO RAO.
W.ldELL
90. FEOUCINO €'LOXG
L8. WcldELL
s RAO.
W.ldELL
. wAfL THTCKNFSS
r80. LOilG R D|US
!ry.ldELL
4
c,. SXOm MD.
W.ldELL
1&'8HOR7
W.ldELl.
EAD.
rTT
o
c^p
F ,4il
&
L06.
PlD.
!tlr.
Plpt
o.o.
o
Llgil Sch Sch o Sch Sch o Sch Sch Sch Sch Sch xI- A B K D v E
lsl
G 3h.
"1,
Wrll 20 3o srd ao 60 f-Sl9 t0 100 120 'ta0 It0 slt 9ss
1
ta r.050
1.315
.083
.109 ,33
I r3
r33
r54
r79
t9l
15,1
179
.219
.250
.?50
_308
.358
382
1%
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lr/t r .660 r09 r40 140 191 1
1n r.900 10s r45 r45 200 200 .241 ,400 2% lV. 3ta lth ?%t 1V. 12 2r l* 7
2 375 IU5 .1 54 .r54 2t .2tg .344 .436 3 rx 4lit 2 'lt 62% J'I Z 7
2rt ?.875 120 .203 203 .276 _375 .55? 3t/. 1ra 5Xr 2tl tYl IY, 6 ztA 1N 2\t t
3 3.500 r?o 216 .216 30r .300 hoe 600 1y, 2 6\ 3 v. ? 6 ?tA 5 t r
7r, 4.000
.120
.226 .?26 31 3r8 .636 5t/. 2y 7Y 3tA l( 2t/z 63 5ta t* I t0
a 4.500 120 .237 .237 .337 .337 38 .53r 674 6 2rt 8v. 4 6v. ?th 63 6Xr a C It
5 5.563 134 .258 .258 .375 .375 .500 .625 .750 ltA 3Yt lOlAe 5 7y. 3 83 7%t I a r3
3 6.625. r34 .280 .280 .432 .432 .562 .719 .864 9 3Yt tZ)1t 6 91At 3% 63y2 8* c lo IC
r!
t 8.525 148 250 27'l 32? 322 40t 500 .500 .59d .719 8r2 so6 .875 t2 5 1 611c 8 lZYrc A 84 r0x t 72
0.750 .165 .250 .307 .365 .365 500 .500 .59,t .719 .844 r.oo0 1.125 000 r5 6t'!, 20N 't0 15x 5 t0 5 t2v. 10 a
I
12.750 .r80 .250 .330 .375 .406 552 .500 .688 .844 r.000 1.125 r .312 ,.::o r8 7U2 24N 't2 18X 6 lo t5 12 a
12
ta 14.000 .250 .312 .375 .375 .438 594 .500 .750 .938 r.094 r .250 r .406 21 8v. 28 l4 21 6t/t 1? : t6ll 1a 4
1t r 6.000 250 .3r2 .375 .375 .500 656 .500 844 1 031 r 2r9 1 438 r 594 21 r0 32 r6 24 7 t2 1gta rt a
t.156 .375 .562 78 I t ry. 36 l8 1? 2'l 1t &
,8.000 .z5u .Jt z .438 .375 562 750 .500 .938 1 r E
2A 20.000 .250 .375 .500 .375 59,1 812 .500 r.031 1.281 r 500 I .750 1.969 30 t2k 40 20 30 9 12 23 20
2a 24.000 .250 .375 .562 .375 .500 r.2r9 r.53,l 1.8r2 2 062 2.344 36 r5 48 ?4 36 1OY2 12 27l 2a
30 30.000 .3t2 .500 .625 .375 ::: ::: .500 45 t8\l 60 30 45 lOt/z t0
350 36 000 31? 500 625 375 I .500 54 z2t/i 36 54 | 0t/t 3t@
420 42.000 1: 500 63 26 42 t2 a20
aro .8 000 ii: I 500 29t/. 4A 7ar/- {!o
-T
STRAIGHT R€OUCING COt{CENfnlC v ,,,
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at 33 @ Src
LorE3: (Dught w.ti rhrcr^.r6... r&.lr.r !o tr.6rc.r rr*t s.Mdst. lo5 r^ ....t
lhro 12", .nO ro *h&1. tO In 9:6 la.'.6d t.rF.
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gra th.q I r,, O Sl6r.d ,n ca.ba .r.d ,.c . v..€ry ol oti.. ftt.rt ..o aIoyl 30 35 30 2A dE
O Erl.. skons-1!:;
sl ' rhc66s .r. r&^tior ro- it.r6r6i ltEr *Edur. !o5
(D k Ansl 616.9 .rg lcntthr rn.6 t.rl tittsEi..c t..rd
,n ur rnr" rhr. r.il9. 'il
Fig. g-t. Chart of Seamless Welding Fittings (Taylor-Bonney Div., Gulf + Western Mfg. Co.)
112
Welded Fitting and Flange Data
wELDrilG NECI( FTAXOEO SUF{II FIAXGE THREADED FIINGE LAP JOITT FLAXGE
'iI
8.75(
12 t2-750 r2.390 r2.250 .l2.090 12.0(m t t.934 1 r.626 r r.750 rr.374 rr 062 ro_750 r0.500 r0. r26
IIOTES: ta t4.000 r3.500 13.375 t3.250 t3.250 13.121 l2.Et2 r3.0@
,t !6.000 15.500 t5-376 rs.250 r5-250 r5.000 I 4_684 r 5.000
t2.500 12-124 I t.8l,a 1r.500 r 1.r8ll
t1.3lz r3.938 l3-56a r3-r?4 lz-at2
O Alrays specily bor€ when ordering. 'tl r0-000 r.500 r7-376
r t7-121 r 7.250 16.876 t6_500 r7.000
O lnclud6 t/16- raiscd lace in tso tb. and 3q) lb. stand. N l9_250 r9.mo r9.250 r8.8r2 r8.376 r9.0(x)
ts.688 ,5.25{t ,a.876 ta-,438
r6. r2,a
ads. Oocs iol irclqde l./.1- rarsrd ,ace an zlOO lb. end 2a
20.000
2il.0OO
r9.500 r7.938 t7.43A r7-fi)o ,F.soo r6.062
hcavier slanda.ds. ?3.500 23.250 22.676 21-2SO 22.621 22.62 43.000 !r.562 20.938 20.375 r9.876 r9.3r 2
(,l Insrda p.9a Clamel.6 .rc also p@idcd by thas table. 30
@ Othcr tp6. 5;26 and ,aciogs on aDgti€tid.
@ Sl6fld i6 Bbon stecl tnd I E.icty ot oris 6"tals ild
ta
4t
30.000
36.(m
.r2.o(xl
a9-376
15.375
29.O0('
35.000 *:li
28.750 29-250
15.25r'
tr.250
3,r.500
t9.0(x,
15.000
lt-axto
al aa o00 17.250 11000
@ tighl W.ll
W.tl diamclrr3 rrr id€ntic.l lo sleinlGs slc.l
Schedula IOS in si:Gt thru tf. .nd !o Sch€dula lO in
tir.s 14- aod lrigrr.
Fig. B-2. Chart of ANSI Forged Steel Flanges. (Taylor-Bonney Div., Gulf + Western Mfg. Co.l
113
APPENDIX C
VENDORS'VALVE DATA
This.appendix presents a sampling of pages taken from vendor
catalogs. The information they contiin is used in severat
problems and exercises. Famili'arize yourself with the kinds
of valves found here and the types of dimensions used. b{
NAMES OF PARTS
Whal Ea
Whccl nu,
l{hel
Wheel nsl
Whcel
Whecl Pocling a-
Potking nul
Stm Glond
Pocking nut Glond
Pockiog
Pocking Poc&in9
Body
Grt3, il-R stGm Gato, Rirlng Stem
Sct*ld Eonnel Unlon Bonnet Gale, Bising Slem
Wcdgc Dl3c Unlon Bonne!
Solld Wedge DIsc Solld Wedge Dlsc
Expanded Seal Rlngs
ThEadcd
t.o. a5a!6
globe S.onze TriEc
Wheel aut
Globc clobe
SclcrCd Bonnet Globe, Union Bonnel
Unlotr BoBoel
lrct.l Dirc Composilioo or TFE Disc
Plug Typc Disc
Reoerable Selt Ringg os&YVd
tll ustratol
Crane
114
L
Vendors' Valve Data
Body and bonnet are Ferrosteel (ASTM A126, Class B) in sizes 16" and smaller and
Outside Screw & Yoke Higli Tensile Cast lron (ASTM 4126, Class C) in sizes 18" and larger.
Sizes f-inch and smaller have injection type stulling box. Permits adding packing
with twist of a wrench at any time . . . even when valve under full raled line pressure.
Turning the packing inlector screw torces packing from iniector reservoir into stuffing
box. The packing (TFE impregnated asbestos) forms a tight seal aiound the stem, is
self-lubricating, stays sott and pliable. When reservoir supply is depleted, inserl a
fresh packing stick.
ln addition, non-rising stem valves feature a patented thrust collar design. The collar
is above the stulfing box, completely isolated from damaging effecls of line lluid.
Design assures easier operation and reduced maintenance.
Sizes 10" and larger have conventional type stuffing box lilled with high grade
asbestos packing and equipped with a gland (bronze or nickel-plated steel, depend-
ing on trim) and malleable iron gland flange. Valves can be backseated.
Bronze Trimmed
For sleam, water, air and non-corrosive oil or gas lines.
Body seat rings, screwed into the body, are bronze. Stem is bronze (except No. 465
Thrsaded stem is steel, nickel-plaied all over). Sizes 3" and smaller have a solid bronze disc;
Flang6d
[n largersizes, bronze disc laces are rolled into the disc. Non-rising stem valves 12"
No.4541,
Ironze Trimmed No- {65 and smaller have bronze bushings above and below the stem collar.
Bronze Seats, Steel Stem
No. 465rzl AII-lron
Bronze Sgats, Bronze Stem
For oil or gas, or for fluids that corrode bronze but not iron. Seats are cast integral
No. 4751t
Sizes 10" and All-lron wilh body and disc. Stem is steel, nickel-plated all over. Non-rising stem valves have
larger have steel bushinEs above and below the stem collar.
conventional
stulling box Compliance with Standards
All valves conform to MSS Standard SP-70. Flanged valves have ANSI 816.10, Class 125 iron wedge gate
lace-to-face dimensions. End flanges coniorm to ANSI 816-1, Class 125.
All bronze trimmed valves 12" and smaller (except No.465) meel Federal Spec. WW-V-58b, Type I, Class 1
material and design requirements.
Slze 2- z\r' 3- l1a 1' 5" 5" a- 10' 12' t! 15- t8" 20" 30" 36' 42' ar
!Veiqhlt
No. 460 26 3t 4a 76
No. /t6l 3l 5: 95 130 160 275 490 700 850 1 180 1440 1740 2774
-on reolE!-
No- 473 33 ,t! 5l 95 160 275
No- 464V 2e /n 80
No.465 3(l 48 6( 100 170 290 530 720
No. 455, $ 4{ 5( 67 100 138 170 29{' 530 720 908 1372 rs40 950 4980 t480 ,25{' 5.r [!iE
No- 475 4! 6{ 1m 134 'r70 290 530 720 908 1372 t540 r950 1980 i4lB0 ,250 5@ n-
Dlmensroil
End lo end 5t, 6V I
Face lo tace 7U E'A I 10 10Y, IV 14 t 16 17 18 20 24 ?lt3 I
t7% t9 t?.t ,6, 48 49 ,3tz t6
Ctr- to toD- N-RS
Ctr- to toD. OS A Y
10
t3
71.1
15!l
t2%
li 17
t
as% 30 38
33
t/. 58
3e%
68 75V t3v IV 109 138
!t2
r60 -
a I
Wheel dia- N-RS 10 t0 12 1/t 20 20 2t 22 24 24 30 35 42t A c
OS & Y valvo Wheel dil OS & Y 8 10 10 I 14 20 m ?(, 22 21 24 30 35 tE2 | l5I. iE
lllustrated
Cr.nc
115
Process PiPe Drafting
R
Tsmp. Psl. Non-Shock
Slze3 Slzag Slzes
F 2-17 lt 16' 1A-24'
150 150
-20 io 1500 ?o0
200 't90 1.15 135
2123 180 'tlo 130
250 175 140 1E
215 170 135 120
130 't 10
300 165
325 155 130 1G5
350 150 125' 100
375 1,+5
400 1.10 Recol
125 130 Valver 8- end Smsllo, and u
(panlal s€ctlon)
450 't2s No- 2
Stralghtthru body design and wlde hinge sup-
'Maxlmum ls 125 psi saturaled steam (353 F). port provld6 turbulenca-trea llow and accu- Boilet
ral€ soating, lntorior is contoured ror smooth 'Unfire
flow without uoduo pressure drop- Oesign also
Sturdy, welt constructed valves. Bodies, oval or globular in.shape, provide. amp-le flow tacllilatss conversion to oulside lever and preve
iiea iiounO disc when valve is wide open. Disc cannot stick in open position, .Tappe! wslght operation...can bs done ln ,ield i, No- 2
anO pluggeO opening in each of two bosses on body provide eaqy access to either end nacassary.
press
ot nihgil. . si;nplify field-changeover to lever and weight operation- back
screr
Bodies 8" and smaller have straight-thru inlet port and long sweeping contour in outlet for tl
port. Oesign assures unusually efficient flow characteristics-
Bodv and cap are Crane Ferrosteel (ASTM A]26, Class B) in sizes 16't and smaller and
Higti Tensile'Cast lron (ASTM A126, Class C) in sizes 18" and larger-
Bronze Trimmed
Forsteam, water, non-corrosive oil and gas, and other fluids that do not corrode bronze.
Elody seat rinq is bronze. Hinge pin, also bronze, rides in two bronze bushings, one at
eacli side of valve body- Disc is bronze in sizes 6" and smaller and iron faced with
bronze in larger sizes. Threadod
No.372, Bronzs Trimmod
No.372Yr, All-lron
AIN-tron
For gas, oil, and tluids that corrode bronze but not iron-
Seatinq surfaces are cast integral with the body and disc. Exelloy hinge pin is sup-
portedUy an iron bushing at each end of valve body'
Lerer and Weight Valve
Iilo- 383 except for its lever and weight mechanism is identical to the No. 373. Generally
used where quick action is necessary to avoid sudden reversal of flow, to assist disc
in closing, or to balance disc so that valves open with minimum pressure. They are not
intended to be used as back pressure valves, unloading valves, etc.
Positioning and setting of lever and weight are easily accomplished in field. Lever can
be rotatedthrough 360" and is adiuslable in 15" increments.
t!
Rang€d
klstallalion Ho.373, Bronzo Trimmed
No.373Yz, AII-lron
Crane swing check valves may be used in a horizontal position . . . or in a vertical No. 38:1, gronza Trimmed
po6ition for upward flow. With Lever E Weight
(not illusttated)
Standards
Face-to-face dimensions of flanged valves, in sizes applicable, conlorm to those listed
in ANSI 816.'10 for Class 125 cast iron swing check valves.
lllustration lypical
Dimensions and drilling of end llanges conform to ANSI 816.1, Class 125 requirements.
Flanges are plain faced, with a smooth linish- of sizes 10t' and larger
116
Vendors'Valve Data
ffi
g
No.250'l No.260,
$,
gg
No.2550
Top Discharge
No.255t
Sld6 Outlet
Ea.2etl
$eOrlla
Sld6 Outlet Sido Outlet
of hot vater from top of valve- Wire seal Y. .+.0 1?a 47. l7t l'/t t'
prevents tampering willr factory pressure 7U2 5.0 2Y. 5% s% 1111 1%
setting- 2 8.0 2%t 6Y. 10rl 1lya 2
ztL 7% l6 ,v-
Compties with ASME Unfired Pressure 13.0 2% 12%.
n lri
I 3-0 'tsz 7ra qu- I
For liquid service on pipe lines, cylinders,
presses, pumps, etc- Relief valves are in- ilo- 2601. 2611, 2651
iended to relieve excessive pressures; 1l 1.0 1% aih J7a
however they should not be used in an Y2 1.2 1% 3% 5rl tA
attempt to relieve shock pressures in hy-
ffi
th 2.O 1% 3% 6
draulic lines. 1 3.6 131 3rl 6rz t
Valves are pressure-tight on oullet side l{o.2606
g
and can discharge against low head pres- 7Yt 5 ,^ tt
sures. Stufling box around main spring ra 1J)
.N Y.
adiusting screw is filled with asbestos % 1.7 1r/a 314 6Yz
t 2.8 Itt 1tl Tta tte 't
packing to seal body area.
: Comolies with ASME Unfired Pressure
Vlll. Crarp
No.2611, Stda Outl6t Vess'et Code, Section
117
Process Pipe Drafting
VALVE.SIZE
Face to Face
4 6 810 12 14 24
Centerline to Top
11th 14 27th 3 34 38'A 51
7 8Y. 12'h 141h 14tA t6%
Centerline to Shaft
3'A 5% 5% 7'h 8'h gu, gL
VALVE SIZE 36 42
Face lo Face 50 60 66
Cenlerline to Top 394l 50
Centerline to Shaft 19 22'h 27
4@ 3600 4700 6300
DIMENSIONS SHOWN FOR 50 LB. C.W.P. OVER 24'SIZE
Easily cleaned while in line . adjustabte counten^reight to control slamming
Swing
. 150 tb. c.w.P.
Check
Valve weq
Valvt
VALVE SIZE
Face to Face
s l o a ro rere
9% 11th 14 1g 21'i,. rsu,m
Bolt Circle
Flange Diameter
Number of Holes
t,t g .t.t tzu rc *iffi
,tt - ^..
agg
Hole Size
VALVE SIZE
Face to Face
2 810 12 14 16 18 24
Flange Diameler
Boli Circte
13'/, 15 ?1 23'h 25 27'b 32
Number ot Bolts
1rt. 7'h 11Y. 14'h 17 18% 21Yt 22't, 25 29'h
Bolt Size Tap NC
Center to Top, Open 1% lrh 1'L
17'h 20,h 221tr 28'L 37 49% 50h 57 6{ ?o'h 82'1,
Handwheel Diameler I 10 10 12 18
59 105 145 205 235 320
Solid. one'piece cast
body.. o-ring 99atjn9 avaitable . Neoprene and asbestos
packing for maximum seiring . ,iairauie i, riffil,ii . iio'ru. c.w.p.
Cast
Knife Gate Bon
Valve Knil
Fabri-Valve Valt
118
Vendors' Valve Data
6 8 10 '12 14 16 18 20 24
VALVE SIZE !.
Face to Face 7 10 lOVz 11U2 't3 't4 15 16 n 18 20
10 12 12 16 18 24
Handwheel Diameter
Centerline to ToP, OPen 161h 191/2 23 27 3146Yt 55Ve 55Vt 67 731h TIYI 92Vt
We 36 55 70 80 100 175 230 330 400 s50 650 750 120{l
VALVE SIZE 30 36 42 48 54 60 72 84
Face to Face 24 28 33 36 39 42 48
HandwhLel Diameler 30 36 MANUAL OR ELECTRIC GEAR qlE84Iqlq
Centerline to Top, Open 128 150 '174 198 DIMENSIONS AVAILABLE
DIMENSIoNSANDWEIGHTSVARYWITHPBESSURERATINGovER24"SIZE
Wedge gate assures positive shutoff . fabricated from any_weldable alloy
. sizes through 96" .'standard working pressure is 150 lb. C-W-P. ' other
working pressure designs available.
Wedge Gate
Valve
-l
3iilEil:i8il:3I3#-'',"#:JIJ""H?;XEi":7'",*,',GovEB,!',3@
Knife gate assures positive, non-clogging shutotl on susPended solids
. bonnet design eliminates teakage through the packing gland' O'ring
sealing available for drip-tight shutolf sizes lo 96"' 150 lb. C.W.P.
slandard . Other working pressure designs ayailable.
Bonnet-type
Knife Gate
Valve ffinrffi
119
lx"
ACTUATORS
Chain
Wheel Lever
U
Handwheels are standard on Fabri-Valves. However, our factory will equip
your valves with any type of actualor you specify. We can supply a wide
variety of acluators, depending on valve size and service.
INSTRUMENTATION
Solenoids
Fabri-Valve
120
Vendors' Valve Data
GATES
Dimensions
Size, rn. r/t 3/s
Yz
3/+ I lr/a U/z 2 2r/z 3 4 6 8
3 3 3k 3ta 1 1* lrh 7 7 I lo 12 t1
Diometer ol Wheel--------
Fios. 132{ or2324:
- -Ceot"r lJlr l5
to SPindle ToP---OPEN 6Yt 7%: 9 fll I
Zr-- 6k oAt 7fi $Yt 97At l2Y.
Center lo Wheel ToP-- 5tr/tt
l7tt
End to End-.-- rl, 2Y. 21, 3rilr 3h 3rh 1$t
Fios. 1325 ot 2325:
- -Center eh to I lllr 15 t6x r8k 2ty 2efi 37
6lt 7t7\t
to SPiodIe ToP--OPEN 9rAt 17Y. l3ta 11|i 1v/t 23 28Yt
ToP.....---- 5tllr 67tt 7Y, 816
Ceater to Wheel 1* 5 5k 6h 7 7th I 9 tota ltl|t
Face to F<rce---- 1Yt
1ta 1* 5 6 7 7h I il t3Y,
Flooge Disoeter 3k 3ra
Florge Thicloess Yt
rltz 74, v, lt, Ys
t\e lt tfft I rr
Jenkins
121
Process Pipe Drafting
GLOBES
AI
Br
B.
!
t B
I
i
Figures 1316-A crnd'1317-A mode ol Type 316 olloy body-bonnet joint ossures tightness ond permits
ore recommended lor controlling corrosive goses eosy dismontling Ior cleoning or removol oI ports.
or llui& where condiiions ore severe, where the A hole in the spindle, with corresponding grooves
close regulotion leoture ol o globe volve is essen- in the disc locknut through which o pin is inserted,
iiol ond where spindle threods must be out ol the enqbles the spindle-disc ossembly to be used lor
Iine oI flow. regrinding when necessory.
Outside screw ond yoke desigm permils spindle Pocking box is deep, holding o liberol guontity oI
threa& to be eosily cleqned crnd iubriccrted. Bis- Teflon ring pocking.
ing spindle ond wheel serve c:s indicqtor ol disc
position. Eoch volve is tested {or tightness qnd subiected
to o 300 psi hydrostotic shell test ond o 200 psi
Multiple bolted bonnet with mole crnd lemcrle seqt test.
Dimensions
Size, in. Yz 3/e I l1/z 2 2t/z 3 4 6
Ceuter lo Wheel Top----------------.OPEN 634 6y, 7* 8,{ e% 1?yt 13Y. | Sra 191/s
Dicrmeter of Wheel-- 3 3 3rYtt 5 7 8 8 t0 12
Fis. I3l6-A:
End to End-.-- 2lt 3 3k
Fis. 13U-A:
Foce lo Foce-.---------- {Y. 1X 5 6h 8 8k ek 1lk 16
Flonge Dicrmeter -.---.-----------.----.- 3h 3h 41/t 5 6 7 7ta I ll
Flonge Thickness Yt
rr{'! ,At 1At Ys
tl/tt Y. rltt I
Jenkins
122
DICTIONARY OF TERMS
operated flap that allows flow in one direction ECCENTRIC REDUCER: A pipe fting toithdffierent
only. Flap "checks" backflow. diameter openings at each end, ad lnu-rg one
CLARIFIER: A large open tank, usually concrete, into side that is flat. Used to reduce lip lllt sfu in
which wastewater and effluent is piped' Heavy situations where one side of ;i-nnlrdrcmdn
material settles to bottom and is pumped away, level.
and clear or "clarified" tiquid flows over top and ELBOLET: A pipe fitting that b rrrd b GrCtE a
branch on an existing etbou -- I
-
is piped elsewhere for treatment'
123
ELBow: A pipe fitting that creates a bend
in pipe
' run' usually go o or 45 o' is turned manuaily to open and crose varve.
ELEVATION: A vertical measurement HANDWHEEL ExiENSroN: A mechanism
from a datum attached
to valve stem to extend handwheel up above
Xl,T,l;Y}";lr!lrT;I?]rins
drawinss to iilic;i; warkways, pratforms, and obstructions.
EVAPORATOR: A piece of separation
equipment in
which water is removed oi ,,arrporated,, INSTRUMENT: A pr""i"Jty catibrated
from mechanism
a liquid chemical compound through ,,"u, that can sense, transmit, indicate, record,
heating. and
control various process variables.
EXPANDER FLANGE: A flange with
an ,,expanded,, ISOMETR|C: See ptptNc |SOMETRIC.
neck that is used in place of reducers
or reduc-
ing flanges to create a change in pipe
run size. KNIFE GATE: A type ot gI" valve having a thin pro-
F file. Used in areas oilimited
FILTER: Any piece of equipment that removes liquid "pr"".
or solids from a solution.
FITTING-TO-FITTING: Several fittings LAP JOTNT FLANGE: e tt"ng" composed
attached with parts, "stub end,, and flange. Used
of two
no pipe in between. on expensive
FLANGE: A circutar piece of plate pipe such as stainless
steel with a LATERAL: A pipe fitting that"t"Ll.has a branch of
machined face, bolt holes in perimeter, run
and a large size or smaller entering run pipe at an angle
hole in center to match .ir" oi , piece such
of pip"e. as 45 o.
Used to attach valves and instruments
to a pipe LATROLET: A pipe fitting that is wetded
run. to a run
FLOW DIAGRAM: A non_scale schematic pipe to create a branch at an angle
type to run.
drairuing that illustrates flow of materials LOOP: An interconnected group of instruments,
through or
a system using symbors and various a "circuit" in which one or more instrur"n,"
thicknessEs
of lines. connected. "i"
FLOW LINE: Thick and thin lines (prim
secondary flow) used on flow diagrams
ary and M
dicate flow of substance" through a
to in_ MANHOLE: An access way into tanks
and vessels.
system. MATCH LINE: A thick line used to align
FLUSH-BOTTOM TANK VALVi:;; or ,,match,,
angted, gtobe two drawings together to create a complete ptan
type valve used at low point of tanks
to facilitate or systern.
easy discharge of fluids.
MILL COORDINATES: Numbers or measurements
used to locate a specific point in a ptant
G site from
GASKET: A thin piece of rubber or a mill datum.
asbestos that
is placed between two flangei MILL DATIJM: Origin, or reference point,
proof seal.
tl proriae a leak_
dustrial site for mill coordin"t.
at an in_
All linear
GATE VALVE: A vatve designed
for on and off measurements and elevations are "y"t"m.
taken from this
vice. lt is actuated by turnlng a franawneel ser_ point.
which
raises and lowers a flat pie"ce oi
gate.
_"rrf called a
125
i
I
t
f
I
and gases in steam lines and discharges them w
without releasing steam. Also used in air lines to WELDED SADDLE: A fitting that'is placed around
trap water. a stub-in to give additional strength to connec-
TRAVEL: True length of pipe through an offset. tion point.
V WELDING NECK FLANGE: A flange with a long nect
VENDOR: A company that manufactures and sells that is attached to fittings and pipe with a
equipment, pipe, and fittings. buttweld.
VESSEL: A piece of equipment of various shapes WELDOLET: A pipe fitting that produces a brandr
and sizes containing internalworkings and com- in run pipe to accept welded pipe and fittings th*
ponents that generate some sort of chemical or are smaller in diameter than run pipe. This fitting
physical activity. makes a 9O o branch on run pipe.
DEDICATION
126
INDEX
A screwed syrrbols. 27 Flush-bottom tank valve, 39
Abbreviations, 84-86, 108-1 1O spools, lO2 Forged steel flanges, 1 1 3
Abbreviations, piping plans, 7 6, 77, Downcomer, defrftion. 20 Formulas, right angled triangles, 95
t 108-1 10 Drafting resporrfrtties, 6. 7 45o elbow, fitting,2l
Agitator, 54 Drain syrr6ob" 63 Fractionation column, 54
t Drawing, Function of flow diagram, 59
Agitator, symbol, 61
i Appendices, 108, 11 1, 114 clarity, 12. l3 G
quatrty. 12
B Gasket symbols, 49
sequence, 7-l I Gate valve, 36
Bill of materials, 52 tips, 80
Bill of materials, piping spools. Gear operated valve, 36, 37
Drum fifter, syr6ol, 61 General arrangement drawing, 1O, 48
103,105 Dryer, 55
Blind flanges, 25 General notes, 85
Blower, symbol, 61 E
H
Boiler, 54 Eccentric rcdrcer, firu{q, 22
Heat exchanger, symbol, 61
Breaks, pipe, 71 , 73 Elbole€ , fting, 24 Hidden line, 1?
Butterfly valve, 38 Elevation layout 77. 78
Elevations. 71,77 Horizontal offsets, isometric
Buttwelded branch fittings, 23, 24 drawings, 92, 93
Buttwelded fittings, 21 -23 dimensimirg, TS
Buttwelded pipe fitting symbols, 26 standards,8(),8l I
Buttweld, joining pige, 17, 18 stnrurrd features, 78 lndicate, instrument function, 39
Engineering o.xnpany structure, 6 lndustrial pipe drafting, 5
c EquipmenL flow diagram, 60-62 lnstrument,
( Calculating isometric offsets, 94-96 Equiprnent labeling, flow functions. 39
Cap, fitting, 23 diagrams. 60, 62 identification table, 41
Centerline, 1 2 Equiprnent layout, 71, 72 mounting symbols. 43
#- Chainwheel valve, 36 elevatiros, 78 piping plans, 75, 76
Checking drawings, 81
t Check valve, 38
Clarifier, 54
flow dagram, 66
Equipment numbers, flow
Jiag'am,6(),62
placement. 75,76
representation, 42-44
signal leads, 43, 44
Clarffier, symbol, 61 Equiprnem shapes, flow lnstrumentation, 35, 39, 41
Clarity, drawing, 12, 13 tliagnam, 60, 61 lnstrumentation symbols, 42, 43
Cleaner, symbol, 61 Equipnent standards, 53 lnstrument symbols, flow
Column, 54 Evaporator, 55 diagrams, 64
Column, symbol, 6'l Expander flange, 24,25 lnstrument types, flow diagrams, 64
Compound angles, solving, 95, 96 Extension line, 12 lsometric applications, 97
Compressor, 55
F lsometric,
Concentric reducer, titting, 22
Condenser, 54 Fan, symbol, 61 connected piping, 91-93
Connected piping, isometric, 91 -93 Fiher, 55 dimensioning, 96, 97
Finished drawing, flow labeling, 96, 97
Construction, piping spools,
102,103 diagram, 66 layout, 9O-92
Frttings, 20-25 lettering, 97
Consulting engineering firm, 6
buttwelded, 21-24 piping, 90
Control, instrument function. 39
symbols, 26, 27 planes, 91, 92
Control valve, 38
Fittings and pipe, 17 pump symbol, 49, 50
Conversion table, feet and inches
to decimals, 96 Fitting-to-fitting, definition, 2O symbols and orientation,9l, 92
Flanged. joining pipe, 18 lsometric drawing. 1O, 1 1
Cross, fitting, 22, 23
Flanges, 24,25 horizontal offsets, 92, 93
Cutting plane lines, 12
Flanges, symbols, 26 vertical offsets, 92, 93
Cyclone, 55
Cyclone, symbol, 61 Flow diagram, 9, 1O, 59 lsometric offsets,
equipment symbols, 61 calculating, 94-96
D finished drawing, 66 drawing, 92,93
Design process, 1O, 11 flow lines, 60, 62, 66 Item numbers, spools, 103, 105
Dimensioning, function, 59 J
elevations, 78 instrument symbols, 42, 43, 64
isometric, 96, 97 layout, 66
Joining pipe, '17, tg
piping plans, 73.75 piping drawing reference, 6O L
spools, 1O3 system identification, 59 Labeling, isometric. 96, 97
Dimension line, 12 tank symbols, 5O, 52 Labels, miscellaneous, 85
Direction, isometric, 90, 91 valv€ symbols, 4O, 63, 64 Lap joint flange, 24, 25
Double line, Flow indicator, symbol, 42 Lateral, fitting, 22
buttwelded symbols, 26 Flow line direction, 62, 63 Latrolep , fitting, 24
pipe break symbols, 19 Flow, lines, 12 Layout, piping spools, f (}a 103
piplng, 18-20' Flow lines, diagrams, 60, 62, 66 Lettering, isometric, 97
127
Level indicating controller, Primary flow lines, 12 scales and size, 103
symbol, 42 Process, definition, 5 single line, 1O2
Line connections, flow Process variabies, 39 Standards, elevations, pO. g1
diagrams, 60, 62 Pump flow diagram symbols, 49 Straight tee, fitting, 22
Line contrast, 8 1 Pump, 48-50 Structural features, elevations, 7g
Line crossings, flow piping drawing symbols, 4g Stub-in, 23
diagrams, 60, 62 Pythagorean Theorem, 94 Symbols,
Lines, drafting, 11, 12 break, 2O
Local notes, 85 o double line, buttwel ded. 26
Location. isometric, 90, 91 Quality, drawing, 12
double line pipe breaks, I9
Long break line, 12 R double line, screwed, 27
M Reactor,'symbol. 61 fittings, 26, 27
Manholes, tank drawings. 52-54 Record, instrument function, 39 flanges. 26
Match lines, 12 Reducer, titting, 22 flow diagram equipment, 6 i
Match lines, piping plans, 71 Beducing elbow, fitting, 21 flow diagrams, tanks. 50, 52
Material description. spools. 1O5 Reducing flange. 24, 25 gasket, 49
Methods of joioing pipe. 17, 18 Reducing lateral, fittiog, 22 instrumentation, 42, 43
Miscellaneous equipment, 48, 54-56 Reducing tee, tittrng, 22 instruments. flow diagrams,,64
Refiner, 55, 56 isometric, 91 . 92
N isometric pump. 49, 50
Refiner, symbol, 61
9Oo elbow, fitting, 2'l piping drawings, tanks, 50, 52
Regulating valve, 37
Nominal pipe size, 17 pump, 49
Relief valve. 37
Notes, 84. 85 Representation of pipe, 18-2O single line, buttwelded, 26
Notes, piping plans, 76,77 single line, screwed, 27
Revision identification, 86
Nozzle schedule. 54
Revisions, 84, 86, 87 tank, 50, 52
Nozzles, tank drawings, 52-54
block, 86 valves. 40
o drawings, 'l O, 1 1 valves, flow diagrams, 63, 64
Object line, 12 Riser, definition. 2O System identification, flow
O'let. fitting, 23 Rotary kiln. symbol, 61 diagram, 59
1 80 o return, fitting, 21 T
Orientation, isometric, 91, 92 s . Tank drawings. 52-54
Orifice flange, 76
Overview of pipe drafting, 5
r
!
Safety valve, 37, 38
Scale, isometric. 90, g1
Scales, piping spools, 1O3
Tank
Tank
nozzle projection chart, 53
shapes and sizes. 50
t
Phantom line, 12
P Screen, symbol, 61
Screw conveyor, symbol. 61
Tank symbols. 50, 52
Tanks, 48, 50, 52,54
Temperature controiler, symbol, 42
I
Pipe and fittings, 'l 7 Screwed fittings, 25
Pipe breaks, 71, 73 Screwed, joining pipe, 18 Tempe;ature indicator, symbol, 43
Pipe drafting overview, 5 Screwed pipe fitting symbols, 27 Throttling valve, 37
Pipe fiuings, 20-25 Seamless welding fittings. 1 12 Transmit, instrument function, 39
Pipe joints, Secondary flow lines, 'l 2 Trap, valve. 39
buttwelded, 1 7 Section identification, elevations, 77 Trigonometric formulas, 94, 95
flanged, 1 B Section line, 12 U
screwed, 1B Section notations, piping plans, 77 Unknown angles, finding, 95
socketwelded. 18 Section views, piping drawings, 1O Unknown sides. finding, 94
Pipe representation, 1 8-2O Sense, instrument function. 3g
Pipe specifications, 62, 63,77 Short break line, 12
V
Piping and instrumentation V6lve data, vendor samples,
Short radius 9O o ell. fitting, 22
diagram. 59, 64 1't 4-122
Signal leads, instrument, 43, 44 Valve flow diagram symbols, 4O
Piping and processes, 5 Signal leads, symbols, 43
Piping drawings, 1O Valve piping drawing symbols. 4O
Single line, Valve specifications, .75, 76
instrument symbols, 42, 43 buttwelded symbols, 26
reference, 6O Valve symbols. 4O
pipe breaks, 2O
tank symbols. 5O, 52 Valve symbols, flow diagrams.
piping, 2O
valve symbols, 4O 63, 64
screwed symbols. 27 Valves, 35-4O
Piping elevations. 71 , 77 spools, 102, 103
Piping isometrics, 9O basic symbol, 36
Site plan, 7, 8 piping plans. 75, 7O
applications.9T Size, piping spools, 1O3
drawing, 10, Vendor pump data, 49, 50
1 1 Sizing of pipe, 'l 7
Piping layout, 71 , 72, 78 Vendor's valve data, 114-1 22
Slip-on tlange, 24
Piping plans, 71 Vent symbols, 63
Smoley's Tables, 94
dimensioning, 73, 75 Socketweld, joining pipe, 18 Vertical offsets, isometric
Piping plans and elevations, 71, 77 Specifications of pipe, 17
.
drawings, 92, 93
Piping size, 17 Vessel, 56
Spelling, 81
Piping specifications. 17 Spool drawing, 1O, 1 1 W
Piping spool drawing, 1O, 11 Spools, Welded fitting and flange
Piping spools,102, 103, 105 dimensioning, 1O3 data,111-113
Plan views,- piping-drawings, I O double line. 1O2, 1O3 Welded saddle, fitting, 23
Pressure indicator, symbol, 42 layout, 102, 103 Welding neck flange, 24
Pressure recorder, symbol, 43 piping, 1A?,'tO3, 105 Weldolet@ , fitting. 23
124