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Draft for Public Comment Form 36

Version 7.0
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Head Office
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!'--~ Latest date for receipt of comments: 30 September 2007 Project no.: 2007/01476
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0 Responsible committee: PEU38 Instrument transformers
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~ Interested committees: PEU038
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Title: Draft BS EN 61869-2 IEC 61869-2 Instrument transformers
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...,. Part 2 : Specific requirement for current transformers
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0 1nt roduction
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IEC/TC or SC: Proj ect number
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38
Title of TC/SC:
IEC 61869-2 Ed .1
Date of circu lation
2007-04-27 (2007-04-13)
I Closing date for comments
2007-07-13
c: Instrument transformers
:::> Also of interest to the following comm ittees Supersedes document
!'--~ 1, 10, 17, 17A, 17C, 28, 95 , 99, 112 -
0 Functions concerned:
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C\J ~ Safety ~ EMC D Environmen t ~ Quality assurance
0 Secretary: THIS DOCUMENT IS S TILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO
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RIGHTS OF W HI CH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE
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SUPPORTIN G DOC UMENTATION .
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0 Title:
IEC 61869-2 Ed. 1: Instrument transformers - Part 2: Specific requirement for current transformers

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~ Intro ductory note

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.~ Please note that this A version contains, at the end p.44, the manuscript of the future FDIS for
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0 Copyright © 2007 International Elect rotec hnical Commis sion, IEC. All rights reserved. It is
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permitted to download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD .... ..... ............. ........ ..... .... ......... ............. .......................... .... ..... .... ......... ........ ...... 6
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:::> 1 Scope .......... ......... ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ .......... ........ .... ..... ..... .... .......... . 9
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0 2 Normative references ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .. 9
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C\J 3 Definitions ... ......... ......... ......... ........ ......... ......... ......... ........ ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... ...... . 9
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~ 3.1 genera l defin itions ... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ... 9
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0 3.2 definitions related to accuracy ....... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... ..... ............. .... . 10
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I- 3.3 Definitions related to dielectric ratings .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... 13
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CJ 3.4 Definitions rela ted to current ratings ....... .......... ........ ......... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ . 13
...,. 3.5 Definitions rela ted to other ratings .. ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... ..... .... . 14
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3.6 Definitions related to gas insulation .... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ............. ..... ............. ..... 14
3. 7 index of abbreviations .......... ......... .... ..... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ . 14
4 Normal and special service conditions ..... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... 16
4.1 General ...... ......... .... .... ..... ..... ........ .... ..... ..... .... .................. .... ......... ......... ......... .... . 16
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:::::i 4.2 Normal service cond itions ..... ........ ......... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... . 16
c 4.2.1 Ambient air temperature ...... ........................... ......... ......... ......... ......... ....... 16
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4.2.3
4.2.4
Vibrations or earth tremors .. ......... ......... ..... .... .................. ......... ......... ....... 16
Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers ................... ... 16
.::::: 4.2.5 Other service cond itions for outdoor instrument transformers .................... 16
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:::> 4.3 Specia l service cond itions ..... ........ ..... ......... ........ ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .......... 16
.Y:. 4.3.1 General .............. ......... .................. ............. ......... ............................... ....... 16
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cu 4.3.2 Altitude .. ........ ..... .... ......... .... ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ........ ......... ..... .... ........ 16
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4.3.3 Ambient temperature .................... .................................... ....................... .. 16
4.3.4 Vibra tions or earth tremors ....... .................. ..... ................. ....................... .. 16
4.3.5 Earthquakes ... .... ......... ............. ......... ......... ........ ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ........ 16
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0 4.4 System earthing .. .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ......... .... ......... ..... .... ......... .... ......... ......... .... ...... 16
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c 5 Ratings .... ............. ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... 16
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5.1 General ...... ......... .... .... ..... ..... ........ .... ..... ..... .... ......... ......... ............. ......... ......... ..... 16
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5.2
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Highest voltage for equipment ....... ..... .... ..... ........ ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .......... 16
Rated insulation levels ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... . 16
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c 5.3.1 General ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ..... .... ......... ......... ............. ......... ......... ....... 16
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.::tt. 5.3.2 Rated primary term inal insulat ion level .. ..... .... ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ....... 16
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cu 5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation ...... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ... 16
ca 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ....... 17
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5.3.5 Insu lation requ irements for secondary term inals .. ......... ......... ................. ... 17
5.3.200 Inter-turn insulation requirements ............... ............................................... 17
c 5.4 Rated frequency .. .. .. ..... ......... ........ .... ..... ......... .... ..... ............. ............. ......... ........ .. 17
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c 5.5 Rated output .. ..... .. .. ..... .... ..... .... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... .. 17
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>. 5.6.200Measuring current transformers .................. ............................................ ... 17
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0 5.6.20 1 Protective current transformers .............................................. .................... 19
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'U 5.200 Standard values of rated primary current .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ............. ..... .... . 21
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0 5.201 Standard values of rated secondary currents ... ......... ......... ............. ..... ............. ..... 21
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5.202 Rated continuous thermal current .. .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... ........ ..... .... . 21
~ 5.203 Short-time current ratings ...... ........ .... ..... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... .... . 22
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5.203.1 Rated short-time thermal current Uth) ..... ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ....... 22
5.203.2Rated dynamic current (/dyn) .... ..... .... .... ......... ......... ......... ........ ......... ........ 22
c 6 Design and construction .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... 22
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!'--~ 6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment .... ......... .... ..... ..... .... ......... .... ..... ..... .... 22
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0 6.1.1 General ......... ..... .... ..... .... .... .......... .... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ....... 22
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6.1.2 Liqu id quality ...... .... ..... ........ ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ......... ........ 22
~ 6.1.3 Liqu id level device ....... ............................................................. ..... ..... ....... 22
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0 6.1.4 Liqu id tightness .. .... ..... .... .... .......... .... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ....... 22
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I- 6.2 Requirements for gases used in equ ipment ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... 22
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CJ 6.2.1 General ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ..... .... ......... ......... ............. ......... ......... ....... 22
...,. 6.2.2 Gas quality ..... ........ ..... ........ ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ........ ......... ..... .... ........ 22
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6.2.3 Gas monitoring device ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... ... 22
6.2.4 Gas tightness ......... ..... .... .... ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ........ ......... ..... .... ........ 22
6.2.5 Pressure relief device ...... ......... ........ .......... ............................................ ... 22
6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equ ipment.. ... ..... .... ..... ......... ......... ........ . 22
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c 6.4.1 General .............. ......... ........ ..... ..... ............. ......... ............................... ....... 22
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6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment.. ........ ......... ......... .... ..... ......... ......... ......... 23
6.5.1 General .............. .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... ........ ..... .... ..... ......... .... ... 23
.::::: 6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure .......... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ... 23
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:::> 6.5.3 Electrical continuity ......... .... ..... .................. ............................................... 23
.Y:. 6.6 Requ iremen ts for the external insulation ..... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... 23
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6.6.2 Altitude .. ........ ......... ... ............... ............. ..... ........ ...................... ..... .... ........ 23
Mechanical requirements ............... ......... ..... ....... ............................ ..... ..... ........ .... . 23
6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals ... ..... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 23
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c 6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures .. ..... ..... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... . 23
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6.10.1 General .............. ......... ........ ..... ..... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ....... 23
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6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and
protection of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects .... ....... 23
.::::: 6.10.3 Protection aga inst ingress of water ............. ......... .................. ......... ........... 23
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.::tt. 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers .. ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ .......... ....... 23
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service cond itions ... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... .... 23
6.11 Electromagnetic Compatibil ity (EMC) ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ............. ..... .... . 23
6.11 .1 General .............. ......... ............. ..... ............. ......... ............................... ....... 23
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6.11 .4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages ... .... ..... .... ......... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .. 23
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'U 6.13.200 Terminal markings - General rules .......... .................. ......... ......... 23
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0 6.13 .202 Marking of the rating plate of a measuring current
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transformer ... .... ......... ......... .... ......... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... . 25
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transformer ... .... ......... ......... .... ......... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... . 25
Marking of the rating plate of class PR protective current
transformers ..... ......... ......... .... ..... .... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... . 25
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0 7 .1. 1 Classification of tests .. ..... .... ......... ......... .... ..... .... ......... ........ ..... .... ......... ... 27
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CJ 7. 1. 3 Sequence of tests .... .... ..... ............. ......... ................. ..... .... ..... .... ......... ....... 28
...,. 7.2 Type tests .. ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ............. .... .. 28
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7.2. 1 General .......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ....... 28
7 .2.2 Temperature-rise test .. .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ... 28
7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals ..... ......... .................... 30
c 7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .. 30
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c 7.2.6 Test for accuracy ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .. 30
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7.2.8 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature .............. ..... ..... ......... .... .. 32
7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosure ...... ......... ......... ...................... ............. ..... .. 32
.::::: 7.2.200Short-time current test ...... .... ......... .................. .... ......... ......... ........ ..... ....... 32
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Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections ................. ...... 33
Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals ... ..... .... .. 33
c 7.3.5 Test for accuracy ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ...... ....... ......... ......... .. 33
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7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure ...... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .. 35
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7.3.2001nter-turn overvoltage test.. ... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... ............. ..... .. 35
Special tests ....... .... ......... .................. .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... . 36
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:::> 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals ...... ......... ..... ......... .... .. 36
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ca 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ..... .. 36
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Mechanical tests .......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .. 36
Internal arc fault test. ... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ......... ....... 36
c 7 .4. 7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures ......... ..... .... ..... .... .. 36
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>. 7 .4. 10 Fire hazard test ... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... ......... .... ......... ......... ......... .. 36
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'U 8 Rules for transport, storage, erection , operation and maintenance ... ......... ............. ..... ... 36
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0 10 Influence of products on the natural environment ...... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ 36
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'U Annex A (Normative) Protective current transformers ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .. 37
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Turns correction .. .. ..... ............. ......... ......... .............................. ..... .... ..... .... ........ 37
The error triangle ... ..... ........ ......... ......... ..... .... ........ ......... ......... ..... .... ......... ........ 38
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C\J A.206 Alternative method for the direct measurement of composite error .... .......... ....... 40
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~ A.207 Use of composite error ............ .................. ....................................... ..... ..... ....... 40
0
0 Annex B .. ..... .... .... ..... .... .................. .... ......... ........................................... ..... .... ......... ........... . 42
+
I-
~
CJ TABLES
...,. Table 200. 1 - L imits of current error and phase displacem e nt for m e asuring current
0 transformers (classes from 0.1 to 1) ........ ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ... 18
Table 200.2 - Limits of current error and phase displacement for measuring current
transformers for special appl ication ........ ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... ........ ......... ......... ......... ........ ... 19
Table 200.3 - Limits of current error for measuring current transformers (classes 3 and
c 5) 19
....,:::::i Table 200.4 - Limits of error for protective current transformers .......... ......... ......... ......... ...... 20
c
:::::i Table 200.5 - Limits of error for c lass PR protective curren t transformers ............................ . 20
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Table 200.6 - Markings of terminals ............ ......... ......... ........ .............. .... ......... ................. ... 24
Table 200.7 - List of tests ............... .... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... ......... .... ............................. 27
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

c Part 2: Specific requirement for current transformers

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C\J FOREWORD
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~ 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardiz ation comprising
0 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
0
+ international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the el ectrica l and electronic fields. To
I- this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
~ Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
CJ Publication(s)"). Th eir preparation is entrusted to technical comm ittees; any IEC National Committee interested
...,. in the subject dealt wi th may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
0 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement bet ween the two organizations.
2) The fo rmal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical comm ittee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
c
....,:::::i 3) IEC Publications have the form of recomm endations for international use and are accepted by IEC N ational
Committees in that sense. While all reasonab le efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
c Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in wh ich they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees underta ke to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and reg ional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
.:::::
c 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
:::> equipment declared to be in conform ity with an IEC Publication .
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c 6) All users should ensure that th ey have the latest edition of th is publication.
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ca 7) No liability shall be attached to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or ag ents including individual experts

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and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property
damage or other damage of any nature whatsoeve r, whethe r direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees)
and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
c
0 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the refe renced publications is
'U essential for the correct application of this publicati on.
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0 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
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() This International Standard IEC 61869-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 38: Instrument
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TC 38 decided to res tructure the whole set of stand-alone Standards in the IEC 60044-X
series and transform it into a new set of standards composed of General Requirements
c documents and Specific Requirements documents.
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This Standard is the first issue of this new series and can be regarded as a Product Fami ly
0
0 standard . It contains the General Requirements for Instrument Transformers and shall be read
C\J together with the relevant Specific Requirements Standard for the instrument transformer
0
~ concerned .
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+ An overview of the planned set of Standards is given below:
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CJ PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARDS PRODUCT PRODUCTS OLD
...,. STANDARD STANDARD
0

61869-2 CURRENT 60044-1

TRANSFORMERS

§
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61869-3 INDUCTIVE 60044-2
VOLTAGE
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~ 61869-4 COMBINED 60044-3

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:5 61869-5 CAPAC ITIVE 60044-5
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GEN ERAL
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61869-6 CURRENT
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FOR TRANSIENT
60044-6

c FOR INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE

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ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
TRANSFORMERS

.::::: AND DIG ITAL 61869-8 ELECTRONIC 60044-8

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:::> INTERFACE FOR CURRENT
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61869-10 LOW-POWER
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0 • requ irements for safety and environmental concerns
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...,. The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
0

FDIS Report on voting

38/XX/FDIS 38/XX/RVD

c
....,:::::i Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
c voting indicated in the above table.
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This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The committee has decided that the contents of th is publication will remain unchanged until
.::::: 2011-12. At this date, the publication will be
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
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0 This International Standard is applicable to free-standing current transformers and current
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transformers for gas insulated substations with analogue or dig ital output for use w ith
~ electrical measuring instruments or/and electrical protective devices having rated frequencies
0 from 15 Hz to 100 Hz
0
+
I- NOTE: In many cases, the current transformers are directly integrated in the GIS. In th is case, they can be
~ considered as LV current transformers, without primary winding, and all insulation characteristi cs are the
CJ responsibility of the GIS manufacturer. The specific clauses refer to current transformers supplied in separate
...,. compa rt ments or m o unted on the GIS (i .e. in MV applications) .
0

2 Normative references

§2 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following :

c
....,:::::i The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
c For dated references, on ly the edition c ited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
:::::i of the referenced document (including any amendments) appl ies.
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EC 60044-6: 1992, Instrument transformers - Part 6: Requirements for protective current
transformers for transient performance .
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c 3 Definitions
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genera l definitions

instrument transformer
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an instrument transformer in which the secondary current, in normal conditions of use, is sub-
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a current transformer with limited remanence factor for which, in some cases , a value of the
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...,. 3.1.205 multi-ratio current transformer
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current transformer on which more ratios are obtained by connecting the primary winding
sections in series or parallel or by means of taps on the secondary winding

3.2 definitions related to accuracy

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3.2.3 ratio error (current error) (E)
§ 3.2.3 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following:
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b) the instantaneous values of the actual secondary current multiplied by the rated
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is is the instantaneous value of the secondary current;

c T is the duration of one cycle.

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3.2.203 rated instrument limit primary current (IPL)
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rated burden
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NOTE 1 Attention should be paid to the fact that the actual instrument security factor is affected by the burden.
NOTE 2 In the event of system fault currents flowing through the primary winding of a current transformer, the
safety of the apparatus supplied by the tra nsformer is greatest when the value of the rated instrument security
c factor (FS) is small.
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NOTE 1 The method by which the secondary limiting e.m.f. is calculated will give a higher value than the rea l one .
.:::::
c It was chosen in order to apply the same test method as in 7.3.5.201 and 7.2.6.201 for protective current
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3.2.209 saturation flux ('I's)
c that peak value of the f lux which would exist in a core in the transition from the non-saturated
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3.2.212 rated secondary loop time constant (Ts)

value of the time constant of the secondary loop of the current transformer obtained from the
sum of the magnetizing and the leakage inductance (Ls} and the secondary loop resistance
c
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3.2.213 excitation characteristic
a graph ical or tabular presentation of the relationship between the r.m.s. value of the exciting
.::::: current and a sinusoidal r.m.s. e.m.f. applied to the secondary terminals of a current
c transformer, the primary and other windings being open-circuited, over a range of values
:::> sufficient to define the characteristics from low levels of excitation up to the rated knee point
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3.2.214 rated k nee point e.m.f. (Ek)
that minimu m sinusoidal e.m.f. (r.m.s.) at rated power frequency when applied to the
secondary terminals of the transformer, all other terminals being open-circuited , which when
c
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3.2.215 rated turns ratio
the required ratio of the number of primary turns to the number of secondary turns
.:::::
c EXAMPLE 1 1/600 (one primary turn w ith six hundred secondary turns)
:::>
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c
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the difference between the rated and actual turns ratios, expressed as a percentage

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3.3.3
highest voltage for equipment (Um)

rated insulation level

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3.3.10 exposed installation

3.3.11 non-exposed installation

c 3.4 Definitions related to current ratings
....,:::::i
c 3.4.200 rated primary current
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3.4.202 rated short-t ime t hermal cu rrent Vth)
c the r.m.s. value of the primary current wh ich a transformer will withstand for one second
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the peak value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand , without being
damaged electrically or mechan ically by the resu lting electromagnetic forces, the secondary
.::::: wind ing being short-circuited
c
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c
cu the value of the current which can be permitted to flow continuously in the primary winding,
ca the secondary winding being connected to the rated burden, without the temperature rise
-
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exceeding the values specified

c 3.4.205 ex citing current

0
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c
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any other w indings being open-circuited
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'U the r.m.s. value of the primary current wh ich a transformer will withstand for one second
Q)
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'U the peak value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand , without being
~ damaged electrically or mechan ically by the resu lting electromagnetic forces , the secondary
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wind ing being short-circuited

c 3.4.208 rated continuous thermal current (/cth)

:::> the value of the current which can be permitted to flow continuously in the primary winding,
!'--~
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0
0 exceeding the values specifi ed
C\J
0
~ 3.4.209 exciting current
0
0 the r.m.s. value of the cu rren t taken by the secondary wind ing of a current transformer, when
+
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~ any other windings being open-circuited
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...,.
0 3.5 Definitions related to other ratings

3.5.1 rated frequency {fR)

3.5.2 mechanical load (F)

c
....,:::::i 3.5.3 internal arc fault protection instrument transformer
c
:::::i 3.6 Definitions related to gas ins ulation
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3.6.1

3.6.2
pres sure relief device

gas-insulated metal-enclosed instrument transformer

.:::::
c 3.6.3 closed pres sure system
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c 3.6.4 rated filling pressure
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3.6. 5

3.6.6
m inim u m functional pressure

design p r essu re of t he enc losu re

c
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3.6.9 relative leakage rate {FreJ

3.7 index of abbreviations

.:::::
c
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c
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ca CT Current Transformer

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CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer

c VT Voltage Transformer
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c Us highest voltage for system

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0 voltage Ek ~ 2 kV shall be capable of withstanding a rated power frequency withstand voltage
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...,.
0 The rated withstand voltage for inter-turn insulation shall be 4,5 kV peak.

For class PX transformers having a rated knee point e.m.f. of 450 V or less, the rated
withstand voltage for inter-turn insulation shall be in accordance with 7.3.200. For those with
a rated knee point e.m.f. of greater than 450 V, the rated withstand voltage for the inter-turn
c insulation shall be a peak voltage of 10 times the r.m.s. value of the specified knee point
....,:::::i e.m.f., or 10 kV peak, whichever is the lower.
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c Values above 30 VA may be selected to suit the application.

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that when the burden is less than 5 VA, a power-factor of 1,0 shall be used. In no case shall
c the test burden be less than 1 VA.
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c agreed.
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NOTE 3 At the moment, there is not sufficient experience about the possibility to perform the accuracy
measurements at lower current values (test equipment and uncertainty of the obtained results) .

.::::: NOTE 4 In general the prescribed limits of current error and phase displacement are va lid for any given position
c of an external conductor spaced at a distance in air not less than that required for insulation in air at the highest
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c
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For multi-ratio transformers with tapping s on the secondary winding, the accuracy require-
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5
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I- Table 200.3 - Limits of current error for measuring
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.::::: Cu rrent transformers of accuracy classes 0.1 to 1 may be marked as having an extended
c current rating provided they comply with the following two requ irements :
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0 5.6.201 Protective current transformers
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c accuracy class concerned , followed by the letter "P" (meaning prot ection).
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- c
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~
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0 Table 200.4 - Limits of error for protective current transformers
+
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CJ primary current rated primary current accuracy limit primary
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Current error at
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Phase displacement at
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current primary current
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C\J 5.6.201.3 Class PX protective current transformers
0
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0 The performance of c lass PX current transformers shall be specified in terms of the following :
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+ a) rated primary current Upn);
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d) rated knee point e.m.f. (Ek);
e) maximum exciting current Ue) at the rated knee point e.m.f. and/or at a stated percentage
thereof;
c f) maximum resistance of the secondary winding at a temperature of 75 °C (Rc1) ;
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c
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The standard values of rated primary currents are:

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15 - -
20 - 25 - -30 - 40 - -50 - 60 - _
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0 5.203.2 Rated dynamic current (/dyn)
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~ The value of the rated dynamic current (/dyn) shall normally be 2.5 times the rated short-time
0 thermal current Uth) and it shall be indicated on the rating plate when it is different from this
0
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6 Design and construction

6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment

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c 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment
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c
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table 5 of IEC 61869-1
c
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0 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment
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6.6.1 Pollution

6.6.2 Altitude
c 6.7 Mechanical requirements
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6.9 Internal arc fault protection requirements

6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures

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c 6.10.1 General
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c 6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection of the
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6.10.3 Protection ag ainst ingress of water

6.10.4 Indoor instrument transformers

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conditions

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

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c 6.11.2 Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV)
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6.11.3 Requirements for immunity

6.11.4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages

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The term inal markings shall ident ify
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~
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- c
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0
0
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0 6.13.200.2 Markings to be used
~
0 The markings of current transformer terminals shall be as indicated in the following table
0
+ 200.6.
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CJ Table 200.6 - Markings of terminals
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0
P1 P2 P1 P2
Primary terminals

c
....,:::J Secondary terminals
c S1 S2 S1 S2 S3
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Figure 1 - Single ratio transformer. Figure 2 - Transformer with an inter-
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c Secondary terminals
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·en..... parallel. secondary terminals.)
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c
cu All the terminals marked P1, S1 and C1 shall have the same polarity at the same instant.
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6.13.201 Rating plate markings

c In addition to previous paragraphs , all current transformers shall carry at least the following
0 markings :
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0 NOTE Where appropriate, the category of secondary winding should be marked (e.g. 18, 1S VA, class O.S;
() 28, 30 VA, class 1).
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~ In addition, the following information shall be marked whenever space is available:
0....
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c) the rated short-time thermal current (/1h) and the rated dynamic current if it differs from 2,5
times the rated short-time thermal current (e.g. 13 kA or 13/40 kA);
c d) on transformers with two or more secondary windings, the use of each winding and its
:::> corresponding terminals.
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f) the rated continuous thermal current (for example /cth =150 %).
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~ 6.13.202 Marking of the rating plate of a measuring current transformer
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0 The accuracy class and instrument security factor shall be indicated following the indication of
+
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~
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...,. Current transformers having an extended current rating (see 5.6.200.4) shall have this rating
0 indicated immediately following the class designation (e.g. 15 VA class 0.5 ext. 150 %) .

For current transformers having a rated burden not exceeding 15 VA and an extended burden
down to 1 VA, this rating shall be indicated immediately before the burden indication (for
example, 1 VA to 10 VA class 0,2).
c
....,:::J NOTE The rating plate may conta in information concerning several combinations of ratios, output and accuracy
c class that the transformer can satisfy (for example, 1S VA class O,S - 30 VA class 1) and in this case non-standard
:::J values of output may be used (for example, 1 S VA class 1 - 7 VA class 0,S in accordance with note to S.S).
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6.13.203 Marking of the rating plate of a class P protective current transformer

.::::: The rating plate shall carry the appropriate information in accordance with 6. 13.201 . The
c rated accuracy limit factor shall be indicated following the corresponding output and accuracy
:::> class (e.g. 30 VA class 5P 10) .
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c
cu NOTE A current transformer satisfying the requirements of several combinations of output and accuracy class and
ca
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accuracy limit factor may be marked according to all of them .
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0 (1S VA class O.S) or (1S VA class O.S)
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6.13.204.1 Principal marking
.::::: See 6.13.201 and 6.13.203. Replace accuracy classes "5P" and "1 OP" with "5 PR" and "10 PR"
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a) secondary loop time constant (Ts);
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c The following may also be required by the purchaser:

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0 7 Tests
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7 .1.1 Classification of tests

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0 T e s t s Subc lau se
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Wet test for outdoor type transformers 7.2.4
Electromagnetic Compatibility tests 7.2.5
Test for accuracy 7.2.6
Verificati on of the degree of protection by enclosures 7.2.7
c
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c Pressure test for the enclosure 7.2.9
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Routi ne test s
Power-frequency voltage withsta nd tests on primary term inals
Partial discharge measurement
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
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c Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections 7.3.3
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c Test fo r accuracy 7.3.5
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Enclosure tightn ess test at ambient tempe rature
Pressure test for th e enclosure --
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Multiple chopped impulse test on primary term inals
Measurement of capacita nce and dielectric dissipation factor
Transmitted overvoltage test
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
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c Mechanical tests 7.4.5
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c Enclosure tightness test at low and high tempe ratures 7.4.7
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Corrosion test
Fire hazard test
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0 For testing of gas-insulated instrument transformers, the type and pressure of the gas shall be
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Test Gas t yp e Pressure

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0 Same fluid as in service Minimum functiona l pressure
0 Accuracy
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0 Gas dew point
Transmitted overvoltages n/a Reduced pressure
For gas-insulated instrument transformers installed on GIS, the wet test and RIV test are not applicable.

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c 7 .2 Type tests
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7 .2.1.1
General

Information for identification of specimen

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c 7 .2.1.2 Information to be included in type-test reports
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c 7.2.2 Temperature-rise test
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7.2.2.200 General

This test shall be made to prove compliance with the requirements of clause 6.4.
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The current transformer shall be mounted in a manner representative of the mounting in
service and the secondary windings shall be loaded with the designated burdens. However,
because the position of the current transformer in each switchgear can be different, it is left to
.::::: the manufacturer's choice how to arrange the test set up.
c
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c 7.2.2.201 Cooling-air temperature
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The sensors to measure the ambient temperature shall be distributed around the current
transformer, at an appropriate distance according to the current transformer ratings and at
about half-height of the transformer, protected from direct heat radiation .
c
0
'U To minim ise the effects of variation of cooling-air temperature, particularly during the last test
c period, appropriate means should be used for the temperature sensors such as heat sinks of
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0 7.2.2.202 Duration of the test
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the test duration is at least equal to three times the current transformer thermal time
constant as per the agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser
c
:::>
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the rate of temperature rise of the windings and of the top-oil immersed current
0 transformer does not exceed 1 K per hour, during three consecutive temperature rise
0 readings.
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0
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0 The manufacturer shall estimate the thermal time constant by one of the following
0 methods:
+
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~ before the test, based on the results of previous tests on a similar design and shall be
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...,. confirmed during the temperature rise test
0
during the test, from the temperature rise curve(s) or temperature decrease curve(s)
recorded during the course of the test and calculated according to Annex B
during the test, as the point of intersection between the tangent to the temperature
c rise curve originating at 0 and the maximum estimated temperature rise
....,:::J during the test, as the time elapsed until 63 % of maximum estimated temperature
c
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7.2.2.203 Temperatures and temperature rises

.::::: The purpose of the test is to determine the average temperature rise of the windings and, for
c oil-immersed transformers the temperature rise of the top oil, in steady state conditions when
:::> the specified losses are injected in the current transformer .
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ca The average temperature of the windings shall, when practicable, be determined by the

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resistance variation method, but for windings of very low resistance thermometers,
thermocouple or other appropriate temperature sensors may be employed .

c Thermometers or thermocouples shall measure the temperature rise of parts other than
0
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c windings. The top oil temperature shall be measured by sensors applied to the top of metallic
0 head directly in contact with the oil.
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The temperature rises shall be determined by the difference in respect to the ambient
temperature measured as indicated in 7.2.2.201
.:::::
c
:::> 7.2.2.204 Test modalities for oil-immersed current transformers having Um;;:: 525 kV
.::tt.
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cu The test shall be performed applying simultaneously to the current transformer:
ca
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• - the rated continuous thermal current to the primary winding with the secondary
winding(s) closed on the rated burden ;

c • - the highest voltage of the equipment divided by .../3 between the primary winding and
0 earth at which also a terminal of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected.
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c Note - The test current can be also applied to one or more secondary windings with the primary and the non-
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The test voltage shall be applied between the terminals of the primary winding (connected
together) and earth. The frame, case (if any), and core (if intended to be earthed} and all
c terminals of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected to earth.
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0
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0 § 7.2.3.1 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following:
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0 For three-phase current transformers for gas insu lated substation, each phase shall be tested ,
+ one by one. During the test on each phase, t he other phases will be earthed.
I-
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...,. For the acceptance criteria of gas-insu lated metal enclosed transformers, refer to IEC 6227 1-
0 203 clause 6.2.4.

7.2.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals

7.2.3.2.1 Instrument transformers having Um < 300 kV

c
....,:::J 7.2.3.2.2 Instrument transformers having Um~ 300 kV
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7.2.3.3.1 General

7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers

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7.2.6.200
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T ype tests to prove compliance with 5.6 .200 .3 shall, in the case of transformers of classes 0.1
to 1, be made at each value of current given in table 200.1 at 25 % and at 100 % of ra ted
.::::: burden (subj ect to 1 VA minimum).
c
:::>
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c Transformers having extended current ratings greater than 120 % shall be tested at the rated
cu extended primary current instead of at 120 % of rated current.
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Transformers of class 3 and c lass 5 shall be tested for compliance w ith the two values of
current given in table 3 at 50 % and at 100 % of rated burden (subj ect to 1 VA minimum) .
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- c
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primary current is passed through the primary winding with the secondary winding
connected to a burden of magnitude equal to the rated burden but having, at the discretion
c of the manufacturer, a power-factor between 0,8 inductive and unity (see annex A).
:::> The test may be carried out on a transformer similar to the one being supplied, except that
!'--~
0 reduced insulation may be used, provided that the same geometrical arrangement is
0 retained.
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0 NOTE Where very high primary currents and single bar-primary winding current transformers are concerned,
~ the distance between the return primary conductor and the current tra nsformer should be taken into account
0 from the point of view of reproducing service conditions.
0
+ b) For current transformers having substantially continuous ring cores, uniformly distributed
I-
~ secondary winding(s) or uniformly distributed portions of tapped winding(s) and having
CJ either a centrally located primary conductor(s) or a uniformly distributed primary winding,
...,. the direct test may be replaced by the following Indirect test, provided that the effect of the
0
return primary conductor(s) is negligible.
With the primary winding open-circuited, the secondary winding is energized at rated
frequency by a substantially sinusoidal voltage having an r.m.s. value equal to the
secondary limiting e.m.f.
c The resulting exciting current, expressed as a percentage of the rated secondary current
....,:::J multiplied by the accuracy limit factor, shall not exceed the limit of composite error given
c in table 200.4.
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be equal to the secondary winding resistance measured at room temperature and corrected to 75 •c.

NOTE 2 In determining the composite error by the indirect method, a possible difference between turns ratio
and rated transformation ratio need not be taken into account.
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Class PX current transformers shall, in addition to the requirements of clause 7.2, be tested
as prescribed below.

In order to establish proof of low leakage reactance design , it shall be shown by a drawing
c
0 that the current transformer has a substantially continuous ring core, with air gaps uniformly
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c distributed, if any, uniformly distributed secondary winding, a primary conductor symmetrical
0 with respect to rotation and the influences of conductors of the adjacent phase outside of the
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'Ci) the requirements of low leakage reactance design cannot be established to the mutual
..... satisfaction of the manufacturer and purchaser by reference to drawings, then the composite
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.::::: error shall be determined for the complete secondary winding using either of the direct
c methods of test given in A-200.5 or A-200.6 of annex A-200 at a secondary current of Kx · lsn
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c to have been established if the value of composite error from the direct method of test is less
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NOTE The value of primary current required to perform direct composite error tests on
certain transformer types may be beyond the capability of facilities normally provided by
c manufacturers. Tests at lower levels of primary current may be agreed between the
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7.2.8
Mechanical impact test

Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature

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0
0 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosure
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0
~ 7.2.200 Short-time current test
0
0 This test shall be made with the secondary winding(s) short-circu ited, and at a current I for a
+ 2 2
I- time t, so that (/ t) is not less than (/ th) and provided t has a value between 0,5 s and 5 s.
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...,. The dynamic test shall be made with the secondary winding(s) short-circu ited, and with a
0 primary current the peak value of which is not less than the rated dynamic current (/dyn) for at
least one peak.

The dynamic test may be combined with the thermal test above, provided the first major peak
current of that test is not less than the ra ted dynamic current (/dyn).
c
....,:::J
c The transformer shall be deemed to have passed these tests if, after cooling to ambient
:::J temperature (between 10 °C and 40 °C), it satisfies the following requirements:
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a) it is not vis ibly damaged;
b) its errors after demagnetization do not differ from those recorded before the tests by more
.::::: than half the lim its of error appropriate to its accuracy class;
c
:::> c) it withstands the dielectric tests specified in 7.3.1 , 7.3 .2, 7.3.3 and 7.3.4, but with the test
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c
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-
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significant deterioration (e.g. carbonization) .

The ex am ination d) is not required if the current dens ity in the primary winding, corresponding
c to the ra ted short-time thermal current (/1h), does not exceed:
0
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c 180 A/ mm where the winding is of copper of conductivity not less than 97 % of the va lue
0 given in IEC 60028 .
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"Ci) value given in IEC 60121.
.....
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NOTE Experience has shown that in service the requ irements for thermal rating are generally fulfilled in the case
.::::: of class A insulation, provi ded that th e curre nt density in the primary winding, corresponding to the rated short-time
c
:::> thermal current, does not exceed the above-mentioned values.
.::tt. Consequently, compliance with th is requirement may take the place of the insulation examination, if agreed
c between manufacturer and purchaser.
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7.3 Routine tests

7.3.1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals

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The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding and earth . The
>. short-circu ited secondary winding(s), the frame, case (if any) and core (if there is a special
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7.3.3
Partial discharge test procedure

Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections

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0
0 Test shall be performed to demonstrate compliance with 5.3.5
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~ 7.3.5 Test for accuracy
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+ 7.3.5.200 Tests for accuracy of measuring current transformers
I-
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CJ The routine test for accuracy is in principle the same as the type test in 7 .2.6.200, but routine
...,. tests at a reduced number of currents and/or burdens are permissible provided it has been
0 shown by type tests on a similar transformer that such a reduced number of tests is sufficient
to prove compliance with 5.6.200.3

7.3.5.201 Instrument security factor

c
....,:::J A type test may be performed using the following indirect test:
c
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frequency by a substantially sinusoidal voltage having an r.m.s. value equal to the
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secondary limiting e.m.f.

The resulting excitation current Uexc), expressed as a percentage of the rated secondary
.::::: current Usn) multiplied by the instrument security factor FS shall be equal to or exceed the
c
:::> rated value of the composite error of 10 %:
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ca FS
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fsn

If this result of measurement should be called into question, a controlling measurement shall
c be performed with the direct test (see annex A-200), the result of which is then mandatory.
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c NOTE The great advantage of the indirect test is that high currents are not necessary (for
0 instance 30 000 A at a primary rated current 3000 A and an instrument security factor 10) and
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also no burdens which must be constructed for 50 A. The effect of the return primary
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conductors is not physically effective at the indirect test. Under service conditions the effect
can only enlarge the composite error, which is desirable for the safety of the apparatus
.:::::
c
supplied by the measuring transformer.
:::>
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c
cu current transformers
ca
-
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Tests shall be made at rated primary current to prove compliance with 5.6.201.1.4 in respect
of current error and phase displacement.

c
0 7.3.5.203 Test for composite error
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c
0
.....J For all transformers qualifying under item b) of 7.2.6.202, the routine test is the same as the
>. type test.
Q.
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For other transformers, the indirect test of measuring the exciting current may be used, but a
Q) correction factor shall be applied to the results, the factor being obtained from a comparison
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loading being the same.
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0.... In such cases, certificates of test should be held available by the manufacturer.
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NOTE 1 The correction factor is equal to the ratio of the composite error obtained by the direct method and the
exciting current expressed as a percentage of the rated secondary current multiplied by the accuracy limit factor,
c as determined by the indirect method specified in item a) of 7.2.6.201
:::>
!'--~ NOTE 2 The expression "transformer of the same type " implies that the ampere turns are the same irrespective of
0 ratio, and that the geometrical arrangements, magnetic materials and the secondary windings are identical.
0
C\J
0
7.3.5.204 Test for current error and phase displacement of class PR
~ protective current transformers
0
0 Class PR current transformers shall, in addition to the requirements of clause 7 .3.5.202 and
+
I- 7.3.5.203, be subjected to the routine tests prescribed below.
~
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...,. 7.3.5.204.1 Determination of remanence factor (Kr)
0
The remanence factor (Kr) shall be determined to prove compliance with the limit of 10 %.
Refer to IEC 60044-6 annex B for the determination method.

7 .3.5.204.2 Determination of secondary loop time constant (T5 )

c
....,:::::i The secondary loop time constant (Ts) shall be determined. It shall not differ from the
c specified value by more than ±30 %. If required, refer to IEC 60044-6, annex B.
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7.3.5.204.3 Determination of secondary winding resistance (Rct)

The secondary winding resistance shall be measured and an appropriate correction appl ied if
.::::: the measurement is made at a temperature which differs from 75 °C or such other
c
:::> temperature as may have been specified. The value so adjusted is the rated value for Rct·
.Y:.
c
cu NOTE For determination of secondary loop resistance (Rs = Rct + Rb). Rb is the rated resistive burden which, in
ca
-
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the case of class PR current transformers, is taken as being equal to the resistive part of the burden used in
accordance with 5.6.201.1.4 for the determination of current error and phase displacement.

7.3.5.205 Tests for class PX protective current transformers

c
0
'U Class PX current transformers shall , in addition to the requirements of clauses 7 .3.1,
c
0 7.3.2 ,7.3.3,7.3.4,7.3.6 and 7.3.200, be tested as prescribed below.
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7.3.5.205.1 Rated knee point e.m.f. (Ek) and maximum exciting current (/8 )

.::::: A sinusoidal e.m.f. of rated frequency equal to the rated knee-point e.m.f. shall be applied to
c the complete secondary winding, all other wind ings being open-circuited and the exciting
:::> current measured .
.::tt.
c
cu
ca The e.m.f. shall then be increased by 10 % and the exciting current shall not increase by more

-
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than 50 %. All measurements shall be performed using r.m.s. measuring instruments. Due to
the non-sinusoidal nature of the measured quantities, the measurements shall be performed
using r.m.s. measuring instruments having a crest factor ~3.
c
0
'U The excitation characteristic shall be plotted at least up to the rated knee point e.m.f. The
c
0
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exciting current (/'e) at the rated knee-point e.m.f. and at any stated percentage , shall not
exceed the rated value. The number of measurement points shall be agreed between the
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0 7.3.5.205.2 Secondary winding resistance (Rct)
()
'U The resistance of the complete secondary winding shall be measured . The value obtained
~
0.... when corrected to 75 °C shall not exceed the specified value.
- c
0
u 7.3.5.205.3 Turns ratio error (Et)
c
:::> The turns ratio shall be determined in accordance with IEC 60044-6, annex E. The turns ratio
!'--~
error shall not exceed the value given 5.6.20 1.6 c)
0
0
C\J NOTE A simplified test involving measurement of the ratio error with zero connected burden may be substituted
0 by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
~
0
0 7.3.6 Verification of markings
+
I-
~ 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature
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0

7.3.7.2 Liquid systems

7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure

c 7 .3.200 Inter-turn overvoltage test

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c Tests shall be performed to demonstrate compliance with 5.3 .200 .
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The inter-turn overvoltage test shall be performed in accordance with one of the following procedures.

If not otherwise agreed , the choice of the procedure is left to the manufacturer .
.:::::
c
:::> Procedure A: with the secondary windings open-circuited (or connected to a high impedance
.Y:.
c device wh ich reads peak voltage), a substantia lly sinusoidal current at a frequency between
cu 40 Hz and 60 Hz (in accordance with IEC 60060-1) and of r.m.s. value equal to the rated
ca
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primary current (or rated extended primary current (see 5.6.200.4) when applicable) shall be
applied for 60 s to the primary winding.

c The applied current shall be limited if the test voltage of 4 ,5 kV peak is obtained before
0
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c
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su itable frequency) shall be applied for 60 s to the terminals of each secondary winding ,
providing that the r.m .s. value of the secondary current does not exceed the rated secondary
.::::: current (or ra ted extended current) .
c
:::>
.::tt. The value of the test frequency shall be not greater than 400 Hz .
c
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ca At t his freq uency, if the voltage va lue ach ieved at the rated secondary current (or rated
-
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extended current) is lower than 4,5 kV peak, the obtained voltage is to be regarded as the test
voltage.
c
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-
twice the rated frequency 60
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()
current transformer to operate with the secondary wind ing open-circu ited. Current
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0..... the potentially dangerous overvoltages and overheating wh ich can occur.
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!'--~
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0 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals
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0 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor
~
0
0 § 7.4.3 of IEC 61869- 1 is applicable with the following:
+
I-
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The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding terminals and
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0 casing shall be connected to the measuring bridge . If the current transformer has a special
device (terminal) suitable for this measurement, the other low-voltage terminals shall be
short-circuited and connected together with the metal casing to the earth or the screen of the
measuring bridge.
NOTE In some cases, it is necessary to connect the earth to other points of the bridge.
c
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7.4.6 Internal arc fault test

.::::: § 7.4.6 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following:

c
:::> NOTE : For top co re oil-immersed current transformers, the area in which fai lure in service incept in many cases is
.Y:. located in the upper part of the main insulation. For hair pin oil-immersed current transformers th is area is
c
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7.4.7

7.4.8
En closu re tightness tests at low and h igh t em p eratures

Gas Dew point t est

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7.4.9.2 Criteria to pass the test

.::::: 7.4.10 Fire hazard test

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ca 8 Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance
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c 10 Influence of products on the natural environment
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Annex A (Normative)
'U Protective current transformers
~
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A.201 Vector diagram
c If consideration is given to a current transformer which is assumed to contain only linear
:::>
!'--~ electric and magnetic components in itself and in its burden, then, under the further
0 assumption of sinusoidal primary current, all the currents , voltages and fluxes will be
0 s inusoidal, and the performance can be illustrated by a vector diagram such as figure A-
C\J
0 200 .1.
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Figure A200.1

.::::: In figure A-200.1, Is represents the secondary current. It fl ows through the impedance of the
c secondary wind ing and the burden which determines the magn itude and direction of the
:::> necessary induced voltage E5 and of the flux <I> wh ich is perpendicular to the voltage vector.
.Y:.
c This f lux is maintained by the exciting current le. having a magnetizing component Im parallel
cu to the flux <I>, and a loss (or active) component /8 parallel to the voltage . The vector sum of the
ca
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secondary current Is and the exciting current le is the vector / "p representing the primary
current divided by the t urns ratio (number of secondary turns to number of primary turns).

c Thus, for a current transformer with turns ratio equal to the rated transformation ratio , the
0
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c
0
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error according to the defin ition of 3.2.3, and the angular difference o
is the phase
displacement accord ing to 3 .2.4 .
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.:::::
c
:::> When the turns ra tio is different from (usually less than) the rated transformation ratio, the
.::tt.
c current transformer is said to have turns correction . Thus, in evaluating the performance, it is
cu
ca necessary to distinguish between / "p, the primary current divided by the turns ratio, and / 'p,

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the primary current divided by the rated transformation ratio. Absence of turns correction
means l'p = / "p If turns correction is present, l'p is differen t from l'J,. and since /"p is used in
the vector diagram and l'p is used for the determination of the current error, it will be seen
c t hat turns correction has an influence on the current error (and may be used deliberately for
0
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c
t hat purpose). However, the vectors /'p and l'phave the same direction , so turns correction
0 has no influence on phase displacement.
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0 influence on current error.
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0 A.203 The error triangle
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0.....
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further assumption that the phase displacement is so small that for practical purposes the two
vectors Is and l 'J, can be considered to be parallel. Assuming again that there is no turns
correction, it will be seen by projecting le to Ip that with a good approximation the in-phase
c
:::> component (t:.I) of le can be used instead of the arithmetic difference between l "p and Is to
!'--~ obtain the current error and, similarly, the quadrature component (!:. lq) of le can be used to
0 express the phase displacement.
0
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c Figure A-200.2
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Thus, for a current transformer without turns correction and under conditions where a vector
representation is justifiable, the current error, phase displacement and composite error form a
.::::: righ t-angled triangle.
c
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c In this triangle, the hypotenuse representing the composite error is dependent on the
cu magnitude of the total burden impedance consisting of burden and secondary winding, while
ca
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the division between current error and phase displacement depends on the power factors of
the total burden impedance and of the exciting current. Zero phase displacement will result
when these two power factors are equal, i.e. when Is and le are in phase.
c
0
'U A.204 Composite error
c
0
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The most important application, however, of the concept of composite error is under
conditions where a vector representation cannot be j ustified because non-l inear conditions
introduce higher harmonics in the exciting current and in the secondary current (see figure A-
.::::: 200 .3) .
c
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Thus, in the general case, the composite error also represents the deviations from the ideal
current transformer that are caused by the presence in the secondary winding of higher
harmonics which do not exist in the primary. (The primary current is always considered
c s inusoidal for the purposes of this standard.)
:::>
!'--~
0
0 A.205 Direct test for composite error
C\J
0
~ Figure A-200.4 shows a current transformer having a turns ratio of 1/1. It is connected to a
0
0 source of primary (sinusoidal) current, a secondary burden z 8 with linear characteristics and
+ to an ammeter in such a manner that both the primary and secondary currents pass through
I-
~ the ammeter but in opposite directions . In this manner, the resultant current through the
CJ ammeter will be equal to the exciting current under the prevailing conditions of sinusoidal
...,. primary current, and the r.m.s. value of that current related to the r.m.s . value of the primary
0
current is the composite error accord ing to 3.2.202, the relation being expressed as a
percentage.

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c
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Figure A-200.4 therefore represents the basic circuit for the direct meas urement of com posite
error.

c Figure A-200 .5 represents the basic circuit for the direct measurement of composite error for
0 current transformers having rated transformation ratios differing from un ity. It shows two
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c current transformers of the same rated transformation ratio . The current transformer marked N
0
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burden) , while the current transformer under test and marked X is connected to its rated
burden .

.:::::
c p N p p x p
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() connected to measure the difference between the two secondary currents . Under these
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0 With this method, it is necessary that the composite error of transformer N is truly negligible
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under the conditions of use. It is not sufficient that transformer N has a known composite error
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~ since, because of the highly complicated nature of composite error (distorted waveform), any
0..... composite error of the reference transformer N cannot be used to correct the test results.
-c
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c A.206 Alternative method for the direct measurement of composite error
:::>
!'--~
Alternative means may be used for the measurement of composite error and one method is
0
0 shown in figure A-200.6.
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same rated transformation ratio as the transformer X and having negligible composite error at
the accuracy limit primary current, the method shown in figure A-200.6, enables standard
.::::: reference current transformers N and N' to be used at or about their rated primary currents. It
c is still essential , however, for these reference transformers to have negligible composite
:::> errors but the requirement is easier to satisfy .
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c
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ca In figure A-200 .6 X is the transformer under test, N is a standard reference transformer with a

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rated primary current of the same order of magnitude as the rated accuracy limit primary
current of transformer X (the current at which the test is to be made}, and N' is a standard
reference transformer having a rated primary current of the order of magnitude of the
c secondary current corresponding to the rated accuracy limit primary current of transformer X.
0
'U It should be noted that the transformer N' constitutes a part of the burden Zs of transformer X
c and must therefore be taken into account in determining the value of the burden r 8 . A 1 and
0
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secondary currents of transformers N and N'.

.::::: If the rated transformation ratio of transformer N is Kn, of transformer X is Knx and of
c transformer N' is K'n , the ratio Kn must equal the product of K'n and Knx:
:::>
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c
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Under these conditions, the r.m.s. value of the current in ammeter A 2 , related to the current in
ammeter A 2. is the composite error of transformer X, the relation being expressed as a
percentage.
c
0
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c impedance instrument for A2 since the voltage across this ammeter (divided by the ratio of transfo rmer N' in the
0 case of figure A-200.6) constitutes part of the burden voltage of transformer X and tends to reduce the burden on
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() A.207 Use of composite error
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or phase displacement.
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displacement in the operation of phase sensitive relays (e .g. directional relays).

c In the case of differential relays , it is the combination of the composite errors of the current
:::> transformers involved wh ich must be considered .
!'--~
0
0 An add itional advantage of a limitation of composite error is the resulting limitation of the
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0
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Annex B
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~ Technique used in temperature rise test of oil-immersed transformers to determine the
0..... thermal constant by an experimental estimation (informative)
-c
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u List of symbols:
c
:::>
!'--~ 0 Temperature in °C
0
0 0(t) Oil temperature, varying with time (this may be top oil , or average oil)
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0 External cooling medium temperature (ambient air or water) assumed to be
~ constant
0
0
+ ~0 Oil temperature rise above 88
I-
~ 0u, ~0u Ultimate values in steady state
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...,. f.(t) Remaining deviation from steady-state value Bu
0
To Time constant for exponential variation of bulk oil temperature rise
h Time interval between readings
01, 02, 03 Three successive temperature readings with time interval h between them.

c In principle, the test should continue until the steady-state temperature rise (of the oil) is
....,:::::i ascertained .
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0(t) = 08 + ~0u (1 - e·t/To)

The remaining deviation from steady state is then:

(2)

.:::::
c
:::> e(t) = Bu - 0(t) =Ll0u x e·l/To (3)
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c It is considered that :
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the ambient temperature is kept as constant as possible

the oil temperature 0 (t) wi ll approach an ultimate value au along an

exponential function w ith a time constant of To.
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c
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Given three successive read ings ~0 1 , ~02 and ~0 3 , if the exponential relation of equation (2) ,
is a good approximation of the temperature curve, then the increments will have the following
.::::: rela tion:
c
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c =eh/T o
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T =-----
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0 Successive estimates are to be made and they should converge. In order to avoid large
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random numerical errors the time interval h should be approximately T 0 and t:.83 /t:. 8u should
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A more accurate value of steady-rate temperature rise is obtained by a least square method
of extrapolation of all measured points above approximately 60 % of t:. Bu (t:. Bu estimated by the
c three point method).
:::>
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0 A different numerica l formula tion is:
0
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0
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FOREWORD ..... ......... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ......... ........ ..... .... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ..... 6
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0 1 Scope .......... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .............. . 9
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0 2 Normative references .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... .. 9
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+ 3 Definitions .... ............. ......... .... ............. ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... 10
I-
~ 3.1 General definitions ....... .... ..... ......... .... .... ..... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... 11
CJ 3.2 definitions related to accuracy ........ ......... ................. ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... 11
...,.
0 3.3 Definitions rela ted to dielectric ratings ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... 12
3.4 Definitions related to current ratings .... .... .... ..... ......... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... 14
3.5 Definitions related to other ratings .. ......... .... ..... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... ..... 14
3.6 Definitions related to gas insulation .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... 14
c 3. 7 index of abbreviations .. .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... 15
....,:::::i 4 Normal and special service conditions ...... ......... ........ ..... ............. ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... ... 15
c
:::::i 4.1 General ...... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... ............. ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... 15
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4.2 Normal service conditions ..... ......... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... 16
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4.2.1 Ambient air temperature ....... ......... ........ .......... ................. ..... .... ......... ..... .. 16
4.2.2 Altitude .. ............. ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... ................. ..... .... .... ..... ... 16
.:::::
c 4.2.3 Vibrations or earth tremors ... ......... ............. ..... ............. ......... ......... ......... .. 16
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~ 4.2.4 Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers .. .... ..... .... ..... .. 16
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cu 4.2.5 Other service cond itions for outdoor instrument transformers ......... ..... ...... 16
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4.3 Special service conditions ........... ....... ......... ............. ..... .... ......... ......... ................. . 17
4.3. 1 General .......... .... ..... ......... ............. ......... ......... ......... ........ .............. .... ....... 17
4.3.2 Altitude .. ............. ......... ......... .... ..... ........ ..... .... ..... ................. ..... .... .... ..... ... 17
c 4.3.3 Ambient temperature ... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ......... ..... .... ......... ..... .. 17
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4.4 System earthing .. ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ......... . 18
Ratings .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... ............. ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... 18
.::::: 5.1 General .. .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... 18
c
:::> 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment .... .... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... . 18
.::tt.
c 5.3 Rated insulation levels .......... ......... ........ ..... ............. ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... 20
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5.3.2 Rated primary terminal insulation level .. ..... ..... ......... ........ ..... ..... ......... ...... 20
5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation .. .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .. 20
c 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ...... 21
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'U 5.3.5 Insu lation requ irements for secondary term inals .. ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .. 21
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() 6 Design and construction .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... 21
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~ 6.1.4 Liquid tightness .. ..... .... ..... ........ ..... ............. ......... ...................................... 21
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6.2.1 General .......... .... ..... .... ..... ... .......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ....... 21
c 6.2.2 Gas quality ..... ..... .... .... ..... ... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ... 22
:::>
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0 6.2.4 Gas tightness ..... ..... .... ..... ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ... ..... ..... .... ......... ... 22
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C\J 6.2.5 Pressure relief device .. .................. .................. .......................................... 23
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~ 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equ ipment.. ...................... .................. .... 23
0
0 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components ..... ...... ........ .............. 23
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I- 6.4. 1 General .......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ....... 23
~
6.4.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise ..... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .. 24
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...,. 6.5 R equirements for earthi ng of equipment .. .... ... .. .... ... .. ... .. .. .. .... ... .. .... ... .. ... .. .. .. .... .... 25
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6.5.1 General ..... .. ... .... ......... ..... ........ ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... ... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ... 25
6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure .. ...................... .................. ...................... ......... .. 25
6.5.3 Electrical continuity ......... ......... ............. ..... ......... .... ......... ......... ..... .... ..... .. 25
6.6 Requirements for the external insulation ...... ......... ......... ......... ......... .................. .... 25
c 6.6.1 Pollution .... .. ... .... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ... 25
....,:::::i
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6.8
6.9
Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals .... .................. .... ..... ............. ..... .... 28
Internal arc fault protection requiremen ts ............................... ...................... ......... 28
.::::: 6.1 0 Degrees of protection by enclosures ............ ......... ........ .......... ......... ......... ......... ... . 29
c 6.10.1 General ......... ..... .... .......... .................. ............. ......... ............. ......... .... ....... 29
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6.10.3 Protection aga inst ingress of water ......... ......... .... ..... ......... ......... .... ......... .. 29
6.1 0.4 Indoor instrument transform ers ...... .......................... ....................... ........... 30
6.1 0.5 Outdoor instrument transform ers .. .... ..... .... .......... ............................... ..... .. 30
c 6.10.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal
0
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6.11 .1 General ......... ......... .......... ...................... ......... ......... ............. ......... ........... 30
6.11. 2 Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) .... ......... ........ .......... ...... 30
.::::: 6.11. 3 Requirements for immunity .. ....................... .... .......... ......... ......... ......... ... ... 31
c 6.11.4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ..... . 31
:::>
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6.14 Fire hazard .......... ..... ... .......... ........ ......... ..... ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ........ .. 33
Tests .. ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .. ... 33
7. 1 General .. .... ......... ..... .... .... ..... ..... ... .... ..... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... .... . 33
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() 7 .2.1 General ..... .. .. ..... .... ..... ..... ........ ..... ............. ......... ........................... .... .... ... 35
'U 7.2.2 Temperature-rise test .. ......... ......... ............. ..... ......................... ..... .... ..... ... 36
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~ 7.2.6 Test for accuracy ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... .. 40
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7.2.8
Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures ... .... ..... ..... .... ..... .... .. 40
Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature ...... ........ .......... ......... ...... 41
c 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosu re ...... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .. 41
:::>
!'--~ 7.3 Routine tests ... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ......... ........ .. 41
0 7 .3. 1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals , .. .... ..... .... .. 41
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7.3.6 Verification of markings ... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... .. 44
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...,. 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature ...... .................. ......... ...... 45
0
7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosu re ...... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .. 45
7.4 Special tests ....... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... . 45
7.4. 1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals ... ..... .... ..... .. 45
7.4.2 Mult iple chopped impulse test on primary terminals .......... .......... ......... ...... 46
c
....,:::::i 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor ......... ..... ..... .47
c 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test ......... ......... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ..... .. 4 7
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7.4.6
7.4.7
Internal arc fau lt test. ... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... ......... ............. ......... ............. ....... 50
Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures .... .......... ......... ...... 51
.::::: 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test .. .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... .... ..... ......... ........ ..... .... ... 52
c 7.4.9 Corrosion test ..... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ............. ......... .... ..... .... ......... .... ......... ... 52
:::>
~ 7.4. 10 Firehazardtest ... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ......... .. 52
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Ru les for tran sport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance ....... ..... ......... .... ........ 52
Safety .. ......... .... ......... ............. ............. ............. ..... .... ............. ..... ........ ..... .... .... ......... ..... 53
c 10 Influence of products on the natural environment .. .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... ... 53
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Annex B (informative) Rules for transport, storage , erection , operation and
maintenance .... .... ..... .... .... .............. .... ..... .... ............. ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ...... . 55
.::::: Annex C (informative) Fire hazard ...... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ......... ...... 60
c
:::> Annex D (informative) Sam pl e test. ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ......... ...... 61
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c Figure 2 - Altitude correction factor ..... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ......... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .. 27
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~ configuration {CT) ..... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... ...... . 48
0....
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:::> Table 2 - Rated primary terminal insulation levels for instrument transformers ...... ..... .... ..... . 19
!'--~
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Table 3 - Partial discharge test voltages and permissible levels .. ......... .... ..... .... ..... ......... .... . 20
0
C\J Table 4 - Perm issible temporary leakage rates for gas systems ..... ..... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... . 22
0
~ Table 5 - Limits of temperature rise for various parts, materials and dielectrics of
0 instrument transformers ..... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... .. 24
0
+ Table 6 - Creepage distances .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... .... ..... ...... 26
I-
~ Table 7 - Static withstand test loads ........ .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... ..... .... .. 28
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...,. Table 8 - Arc fault duration and performance criteria ..... .. ... .... ..... .... .... .. ... ..... .... .... ..... .... .. ... . 29
0
Table 9 -Transmitted over voltage limits ..... ..... ......... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ......... . 31
Table 10 - List of tests ...... ......... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... .... ..... ..... . 34
Table 11 - Gas type and pressure during type, routine and special tests .. ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... . 35
c Table 12 - Modalities of application of the test loads to be applied to the line primary
....,:::::i terminals ...... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... .... ..... .... ......... ......... .... ......... ......... ........ ..... .... .... ...... ..... . 50
c Table C.1 - Fire hazard of electro technical products ...... .... ......... .... .... ..... .... ..... .... ......... ...... 60
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

c Part 1: General Requirements

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C\J FOREWORD
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~ 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
0 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
0
+ international co-operation on all questions concerning standardizati on in the electrical and electronic fields. To
I- this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Speci fications,
~ Technical Reports, Publicly Avai lable Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
CJ Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to techn ical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
...,. in the subj ect dealt with may participate in this pre paratory work. International, gove rnmental and non -
0 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with cond iti ons determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The forma l decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subj ects since each technica l committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
c
....,:::::i 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technica l content of IEC
c Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publicati ons. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or reg ional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
.:::::
c 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
:::> equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication .
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c 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
cu
ca 7) No liability shall be attached to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts

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and members of its tech nical comm ittees and IEC National Committees fo r any personal injury , property
damage or oth er damag e of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for cos ts (including legal fees)
and expenses arising out of th e publication, use of, or reliance upon, thi s IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
c
0 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
'U essential for the correct application of th is publication.
c
0 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
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p::itAnt rights. IEC s h::ill not hA hAlrl rAsponsihlA for irlAntifying ::iny or ::ill sur:h p::itAnt rights .

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This International Standard IEC 61869-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 38: Instrument
transformers .
.:::::
c
:::> TC 38 decided to restructure the whole set of stand-alone Standards in the IEC 60044-X
.::tt.
c series and transform it into a new set of standards composed of General Requirements
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This Standard is the first issue of this new series and can be regarded as a Product Fami ly
standard. It contains the Genera l Requirements for Instrument Transformers and shall be read
c together with the relevant Specific Requ irements Standard for the instrument transformer
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() An overview of the planned set of Standards is given below:
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~ PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARD S PRODUCT PRODUCTS OLD STANDA RD
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STANDARD
61869-2 CURRENT
T RANSFORMERS
60044-1

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:::> 61869-3 INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE 60044-2
!'--~ T RANSFORMERS
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0 61869-4 COMBINED 60044-3
C\J T RANSFORMERS
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~ 61869-5 CAPACITIV E VOLTAGE 60044-5
0 TRANSFORMERS
0 6 1869-1
+ 61869-6 CURRENT 60044-6
I- GEN ERAL T RANSFORMERS FOR
~ REQUIREMEN TS FOR T RANSIENT
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...,.
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TRANSFORMERS -
61869-9
-- -61869-7
- -
PERFORMANCE
- --
ELECTRONIC VOLT AGE 60044-7
-
TRANSFORMERS
ADDITIONAL
REQU IREMENTS AND 61869-8 ELECTRONIC 60044-8
DIGITAL INTERFACE CURRENT
FOR ELECTRONIC T RANSFORMERS
INSTRUM ENT
c TRANSFORMERS
....,:::::i 61869 -1 0 LOW-POWER STAND-
c ALONE CURRENT
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.::::: This Standard covers all general requirements formerly found in the stand-alone standards of
c the 60044-X series. Addit ionally, it introduces some technical innovations:
:::>
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c • requiremen ts for gas-insulated instrument transformers
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additional special tests
requ irements for internal arc fault protection
requiremen ts for degrees of protection by enclosure
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• requiremen ts for safety and environmental concerns

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The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Re port on voti ng

.:::::
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:::> 38/XX/FDIS 38/XX/RVD
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cu Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
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voting indicated in the above table .

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/ IEC Directives, Part 2.
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() The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
'U the maintenance result date1 indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore .iec.ch" in
~ the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
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~ Part 1: General Requirements
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1 Scope
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~ analogue or digital output for use with electrical measuring instruments or electrical protective
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0 devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz.
+
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0

2 Normative references

c The following referenced documents are essential for the application of this document. For
....,
:::::i dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references , the latest edition of
c the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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IEC 60050(321 ): /EV Instrument transformers
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......
Q) IEC 60060-1: High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
.:::::
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:::> IEC 60068-2-11 : Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2: Tests - Test Ka: Salt mist
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ca IEC 60068-2-17: Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2: Tests - Test Q: Sealing

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IEC 60068-2-75: Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests.

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.....J IEC 60085: Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation

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IEC 60270 : High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements
.:::::
c IEC 60296 : Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for
:::> transformers and switchgear
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ca IEC 60376: Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF(;) for use in electrical

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equipment

IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment

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c IEC 60455 {all parts): Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation
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and dissolved gases - Guidance.
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IEC 60694 , Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards

IEC 60695-1-1 : Fire hazard testing - Part 1-1: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
c
:::> electrotechnical products - General guidelines
!'--~
0 IEC 60695-1-30: Fire hazard testing - Part 1: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
0
C\J electrotechnical products - Use of preselection testing procedures
0
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0 IEC 60695-7-1: Fire hazard testing - Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance
0
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~ IEC 6072 1 {all parts): Classification of environmental conditions
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0 IEC 60721-3-3: Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-3: Classification of groups
of environmental parameters and their severities - Stationary use of weatherprotected
locations

IEC 6072 1-3-4 : Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of

c environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4: Stationary use at non-
....,:::::i weatherprotected locations
c
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IEC 60867 : Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused liquids based on synthetic aromatic
hydrocarbons
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c equipment - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria and design recommendation .
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IEC 61 634: High-voltage switchgear and controlgea r - Use and handling of sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6) in high-voltage s witchgear and controlgear

c IEC 62155: Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in
0
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c
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IEC 62271-2 : High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Seismic qualification for rated
voltages of 72,5 kV and above.

.::::: IEC 62271-203: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 203: Gas-insulated meta/-
c
:::> enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
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cu IEC 62271-300: High voltage alternating current circuit breakers - Guide for seismic
ca
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qualification of high voltage alternating current circuit breakers

CISPR 18-2: Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage
c equipment - Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits.
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transformer intended to transm it an information signal to measuring instruments, meters and
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C\J enclosure
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housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application t
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0 [I EV 826-12-20]
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...,. primary terminals
0 terminals to which the voltage or current to be transformed is applied.

3.1.4
secondary terminals
terminals which transmit an information signal to measuring instruments , meters and
c protective or control devices or similar apparatus
....,:::::i
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secondary circuit

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the external circuit receiving the information signals supplied by the secondary termi na ls of an
instrument transformer
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electrically conductive part of an instrument transformer insulated from other similar parts and
equipped with terminals

c 3.2 definitions related to accuracy

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ratio of the actual primary voltage or current to the actual secondary voltage or current.

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ratio error (£)
the error which an instrument transformer introduces into the measurement and which arises
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difference in phase between the primary voltage or current and the secondary voltage or
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admittance (or impedance) of the secondary circuit expressed in s iemens (or ohms) and
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factor and at the rated secondary voltage or current.

3.2.7
rated burden
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rated output (S,)
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value of the apparent power (in voltamperes at a specified power factor) which the
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current and with rated burden connected to it.
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highest voltage for system {Us)
highest value of the phase-to-phase operating voltage (r.m .s. value) which occurs under
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highest voltage for equipment (Um)
the highest r.m .s. value of phase-to-phase voltage for which the equipment is designed in
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.::::: relevant equipment Standards
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rated insulation level
combination of voltage values which characterizes the insulation of an transformer with regard
to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses
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>. system where the neutral point is not intentionally connected to earth, except for high
Q. impedance connections for protection or measurement purposes
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resonant earthed system (a system earthed through an arc-suppression coil)
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~ at a given location of a three-phase system, and for a given system configuration, the ratio of
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CJ such fau lt
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3.3.7
earthed neutral system
system in which the neutral is connected to earth either solidly or through a resistance or
c
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c sufficient for selective earth fault protection.
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characterized by an earth fault factor at this point which does not exceed 1,4.
NOTE This condition is obtained approximately when, for all system configurations, the ratio of zero-
sequence reactance to the positive-sequence reactance is less than 3 and the ratio of zero-sequence
.::::: resistance to positive sequence reactance is less than one.
c
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solidly earthed neutral system
system whose neutral point(s) is(are) earthed directly
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impedance earthed neutral system
system whose neutral point(s) is(are) earthed through impedances to limit earth fault currents

.::::: [I EV 601-02-26]
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cu exposed installation
ca installation in wh ich the apparatus is subject to overvoltages of atmospheric origin
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NOTE Such installations are usually connected to overhead transmission lines either directly or th rough a short
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c non-exposed installation
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rated frequency (f~
value of the frequency on which the requirements of this standard are based
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C\J forces on different parts of the instrument transformer as a function of four main forces:
0
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3.5.3
internal arc fault protection instrument transformer
An instrument transformer designed in such a way to ensure an assigned protection level
against internal arc fault.
c
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c
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Pressure relief device
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a device su itable to limit dangerous over-pressures inside the Instrument Transformer

.::::: 3.6.2
c
:::> gas-insulated metal-enclosed instrument transformer
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c
cu (GIS), inside or outside the switchgear enclosure .
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closed pressure system
c volume that is replen ished only periodically by manual connection to an external gas sou rce .
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pressure referred to the standard atmospheric air cond itions (20 °C and 101 ,3 kPa) to wh ich
the gas-insu lated instrument transformer is filled before being put in service , or periodicaly
replenished .
.:::::
c
:::> 3.6.5
.::tt. minimum functional pressure
c
cu pressure referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions (20 °C and 101,3 kPa) at which,
ca
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and above which, rated insulation and other characteristics of the gas-insulated instrument
transformer are maintained and at which gas replen ishment becomes necessary.

c 3.6.6
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c pressure used to determine the thickness of the enclosure. It is at least equal to the maximum
0
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>. reach under maximum service cond itions.
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absolute leakage rate
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amount of gas escaped by t ime unit, expressed in Pa.m3/s.
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relative leakage rate (F, 9 J
c absolute leakage rate related to the total amount of gas in the instrument transformer at rated
:::> filling pressu re (or density). It is expressed in percentage per year.
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0
0
C\J 3.7 index of abbreviations
0
~
0 IT Instrument Transformer
0
+
I- CT Current Transformer
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CJ Capacitive Voltage Transformer
...,. CVT
0
VT Voltage Transformer

AIS Air-Insulated Switchgear

GIS Gas-Insulated Switchgear

c
....,
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k actual transformation ratio
c
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Cl) k, rated transformation ratio

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c
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c
cu highest voltage for system I
ca Us

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highest voltage for equipment
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c fR rated frequency
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relative leakage rate
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Frei

.:::::
c
:::>
.::tt. 4 Normal and special service conditions
c
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ca 4.1 General
-
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Un less otherwise specifi ed, instrument transformers are intended to be used at their rated
characteristics under the normal service conditions listed in 4.2 .
c
0
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c If the actual service conditions differ from these normal service conditions , instrument
0 transformers shall be designed to comply with any special service conditions required by the
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purchaser, or appropriate arrangements shall be made (see 4.3).
Q.
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'U IEC 60721-3-3 (indoor) and IEC 60721-3-4 (outdoor).
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4.2

4.2.1
Normal service conditions

Ambient air temperature

c
:::> Instrument transformers are classified in three categories as given in Table 1.
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0
0 Table 1 - Temperature categories
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0
~ Category Minimum temperature Maximu m temp erature
0
0 ·c ·c
+
I- - 5/40 -5 40
~
CJ -25/40 - 25 40
...,. -40/40 -40 40
0
NOTE 1 In the choice of the temperature category, storage and transportation cond itions should also be
considered.

NOTE 2 In case of instrument transformers integrated within other equipment (e.g. GIS, circu it breaker) the
instrument transformer should be specified for the temperature conditions for the respective equipment
c
....,:::::i 4.2.2 Altitude
c
:::::i
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4.2.3 Vibrations or earth tremors
.::::: Vibrations due to causes external to the instrument transformers or earth tremors are
c
:::> negligible .
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c
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ca
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Other considered service conditions are as follows:

a) the influence of solar radiation may be neglected ;

c
0
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c salt;
0
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c) the conditions of hum idity are as follows:
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1) the average value of the relative humidity, measured for a period of 24 h does
exceed 95 %;
not

.::::: 2) the average value of the water vapour pressure for a period of 24 h does not
c
:::> exceed 2,2 kPa ;
.::tt. 3) the average value of the rela tive humidity for a period of one month does not
c
cu exceed 90 %;
ca 4) the average value of the water vapour pressure for a period of one month does not
-
.c::
:::::i
0
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exceed 1,8 kPa.
For these conditions, condensation may occasionall y occur.
c
0 NOTE 1 Condensation may be expected where sudden temperature changes occur in periods of high humidity.
'U
c NOTE 2 In order to withstand the effects of high humidity and condensation, such as the breakdown of insulation
0 or the corrosion of metallic parts, instrument transformers designed for such conditions should be used .
.....J
>. NOTE 3 Condensation may be prevented by special design of the housing, by suitable venti lation and heating, or
Q. by the use of a dehumidifying device.
0
()
4.2.5 Other service conditions for outdoor instrument transformers
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Q)
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c
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -17-
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0 a) the average value of the ambient air temperature, measured over a period of 24 h, does
()
not exceed 35 °C;
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~ b) solar rad iation up to a level of 1 000 W/m2 (on a clear day at noon) shou ld be considered;
0....
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0
u
c) the ambient air may be polluted by dust, smoke , corrosive gases, vapours or salt. The
pollution does not exceed the pollution levels given in IEC 60815.
c d) the wind pressure does not exceed 700 Pa (corresponding to a 34 mis wind speed);
:::>
!'--~ e) the presence of condensation or precipitation should be taken into account.
0
0 f) the ice coating does not exceed 20 mm.
C\J
0
~ 4.3 Special service conditions
0
0
+ 4.3.1 General
I-
~ When instrument transformers are intended to be used under conditions different from the
CJ normal service conditions given in 4.2, the purchaser's requirements should refer to
...,.
0 standardised criteria given hereafter.

4.3.2 Altitude

4.3.2.1 Influence of altitude on external insulation

c
....,:::::i At altitude >1 000 m, the disruptive discharge voltage for external insulation is affected by the
c reduction of air density. Refer to 6.6.2
:::::i
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4.3.2.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise

At altitude >1 000 m, the thermal behaviour of an instrument transformer is affected by the
.::::: reduction of air density. Refer to 6.4.2
c
:::>
.Y:. 4.3.3 Ambient temperature
c
cu
ca For installations located in a place where the ambient temperature can be s ignificantly outside

-
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:::::i
0
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the normal service condition range stated in 4.2. 1, the preferred ranges of minimum and
maximum temperature to be specifi ed should be;

c a) -50 °C and 40 °C for very cold climates;

0
'U b) -5 °C and 50 °C for very hot cl imates.
c
0
.....J
In certain regions with a frequent occurrence of warm humid winds , sudden changes of
-:>:.
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.....
Q)
temperature may occur, resulting in condensation , even indoors.

.::::: NOTE Under certain cond itions of solar radiation, appropriate measures, e.g . roofing , forced ventilation, etc. , may
c be necessary in order not to exceed the specified temperature rises. Alternatively, derating may be used.
:::>
.::tt.
c 4.3.4 Vibrations or earth tremors
cu
ca
-
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0
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Vibrations may occur due to switchgear operations or short circu it forces .

For an Instrument Transformer integrated within assembled equipment (GIS or AIS) the
c vibration produced by the assembled equipment shall be considered.
0
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c
0 4.3.5 Earthquakes
.....J
>.
Q. For installations where earthquakes are likely to occur, the relevant severity level in
0 accordance with IEC 62271-2 shall be specified by the purchaser.
()
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Q)
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c by calculation or by testing as defined by relevant standards.
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0 4.4 System earthing
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'U The considered system earthings are :
~
0....
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a) isolated neutral system (see 3.3.4);
b) resonant earthed system (see 3.3.5);
c
:::> c) earthed neutral system (see 3.3.7).
!'--~
1) solidly earthed neutral system (see 3.3.8),
0
0 2) impedance earthed neutral system (see 3.3.9).
C\J
0
~
0 5 Ratings
0
+
I- 5.1 General
~
CJ
...,. The common ratings of instrument transformers. including their auxiliary equipment if
0 applicable, should be selected from the following:

a) highest voltage for equipment (Um)

b) rated insulation level
c) rated frequency (fR)
c
....,
:::::i
d) rated output
c e) rated accuracy class
:::::i
Cl)

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The rating applies at the standardized reference atmosphere (temperature (20 °C),
pressure(101.3 kPa) and humidity (11 g/m3)) specified in IEC 60071-1.

.:::::
c 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment
:::>
.Y:. Standard values shall be selected from Table 2.
c
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
The highest voltage for equipment is chosen as the next standard value of Um equal to
or higher than the highest voltage of the system where the equipment will be installed.

c For equipment to be installed under normal environmental conditions relevant to insulation,

0
'U Um shall be at least equal to Us.
c
0
.....J
For equipment to be installed outside of the normal environmental conditions relevant to
-:>:.
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.....
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insu lation , Um may be selected higher than the next standard value of Um equal to or higher
than Us according to the special needs involved .
.::::: NOTE As an example, the selection of a Um value higher than the next standard value of Um equal to or higher
c
:::> than u. may arise when the equipment has to be installed at an altitude higher than 1000 min order to compensate
.::tt. the decrease of withstand vo ltage of the external insulation .
c
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
c
0
'U
c
0
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0
()
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Q)
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c
Q)
u
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ca
61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 19 -
>.
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0
() Table 2 - Rated primary terminal insulation levels for instrument transformers
'U
~ Highest voltage for Rated pow er -frequen cy Rat ed lightnin g Impulse Rated Swi tch ing
0....
-c
0
u
equ ipm ent Um ( r.m.s .)
kV
w i th stand vol tage (r.m .s.)
kV
wi thst and v o l tag e (peak)
kV
w ithstan d voltage (peak)
kV

c 0,72 3 ---
:::>
!'--~
1,2 6 ---
0 3,6 10 20
0
C\J 40
0
~ 7,2 20 40
0
0 60
+
I- 12 28 60
~
CJ 75
...,. 17,5 38 75
0
95
24 50 95
125

c 36 70 145
....,:::::i 170
c
:::::i 52 95 250
Cl) --
72.5 140 325

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100 185 450
- --
l
J
123 185 450
.:::::
c 230 550
:::>
.Y:. 145 230 550
c
cu 275 650
ca I

-
.c::
\I 170
;r\\)
275
I[ ~ 65 0
LJ) r:ln~
'U
:::::i
0
Cl)
c
0
c
-
245
-
t·'
-
32 5
395
460
~

-
Jl 750
950
1050
-
- - - -

0 300 395 950 750

.....J

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·u;
.....
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362
460

460
1050

1050
850

850

.::::: 510 1175 950

c
:::> 420 570 1300 950
.::tt. 630 1425 1050
c
cu
ca 550 630 1425 1050

-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
800
680
880
1550
1950
1175
1425

c 975 2100 1550

0
'U NOTE 1 For exposed installations it is recommended to choose the highest insulation level.
c
0 NOTE 2 In the case of Instrument Transformers intended to be installed in GIS, the rated power frequency
.....J
withsta nd vo ltage levels according to IEC 62 271-203 may be different.
>.
Q. NOTE 3 For alternative levels, see IEC 60071-1.
0
()
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -20-
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0 5.3 Rated ins ulation lev els
()
'U 5.3.1 General
~
0....
-c
0
u
For most of the values of highest voltage for equ ipment (Um). several rated insulation levels
exist to allow application of different performance criteria or overvoltage patterns . The choice
should be made considering the degree of exposure to fast-front and slow-front overvoltage,
c
:::> the type of neutral earthing of the system and the type of overvoltage limiting devices.
!'--~
0
0 5.3. 2 Rated primary t erminal insulation level
C\J
0 The rated primary termina l insulation level of an instrument transformer sha ll be based on its
~
0 highest voltage for equipment Um accord ing to Table 2.
0
+
I- Primary terminal intended to be earthed in service has Um equal to 0,72 kV
~
CJ
...,. For instrument transformers mounted on gas-insulated substations, the rated insulation levels,
0
testing procedures and acceptance criteria , are according to IEC 62271-203. The applicable
rated insulation levels are according to IEC 6227 1-203, Table 102 and 103, phase-to-earth
insulation .

c 5. 3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation

....,
:::::i
5.3. 3.1 Partial discharges
c
:::::i
Cl) Partial discharge requirements are appl icable to instrument transformers having Um greater

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......
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than or equal to 7,2 kV.

.::::: The partial discharge level shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 3. The test procedure
c is given in 7.3.2.2
:::>
.Y:.
c Table 3 - Partial disc harge test v oltages and permissible levels
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl) Type o f ear th ing
of t he n eutral system
j

Instrument
transform er typ e
PD test v o ltage
(r.m.s .)
Maximum p ermiss ible PD level
pC

Type of ins ulation

c kV
0 immer sed in
'U Solid
c liquid or gas
0
.....J Um 10 50

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·u;
.....
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Earthed neutral system
(earth fau lt factorS:1,4)
CT and earthed VT

Unearthed VT
1,2 um/.J3
1,2 Um
5

5
20

20
.::::: 1,2 Um
c Isolated or non effectively 10 50
:::> Earthed neutral system
CT an d earthed VT
.::tt. 1,2um/.J3 5 20
c (earth fau lt factor>1,4 )
cu Unearthed VT 1,2 Um 5 20
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
NOTE 1 If the neutral system is not defined , the values given for isolated or non-effectively earthed neutral
systems are va lid.

NOTE 2 The maximum permissible PD level is also valid fo r frequencies diffe rent from rated frequency
c NOTE 3 CT fo r current transformer and VT for voltage transformer
0
'U
c
0
.....J 5.3.3.2 Chopped lightnin g impuls e
>.
Q.
0 If add itionally specified , instrumen t transformers other than GIS devices shall be capable to
() withstand a chopped lightning impulse voltage applied to its primary terminals having a peak
'U
Q)
value of 115 % of the rated lightn ing impu lse withstand voltage.
en
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 21 -
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0 5.3.3.3 Capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor
()
'U These requirements apply only to transformers having Um ;;::: 72,5 kV, with liqu id immersed
~
0.... primary insulation or gas insulated instrument transformers with capacitance grading
-c
0
u
insulation system .

c 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements

:::>
!'--~
For interconnected terminals of each section, the ra ted power-frequency withstand voltage of
0
0 the insulation between sections shall be 3 kV.
C\J
0
~ 5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals
0
0
+ The rated power-frequency withstand voltage for secondary insulation shall be 3 kV
I-
~
CJ 5.4 Rated frequenc y
...,.
0
The standard values of the rated frequency are 16 2/3 Hz, 25 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

5.5 Rated output

See specific product standard

c
....,
:::::i

c 5.6 Rated accuracy class

:::::i
Cl)
See specific product standard

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.:::::
c
:::> 6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment
.Y:.
c
cu 6.1.1 General
ca
-
.c::
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0
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The man ufactu rer shall specify the type and the required quantity and quality of the liq uid to
be used in equipment.
c
0 6.1.2 Liquid quality
'U
c
0 For oil-filled equipment, new insulating oil shall comply with IEC 60296 .
.....J

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.....
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For synthetic liquid-filled equipment refer to IEC 60867.

.:::::
c 6.1.3 Liquid level d evic e
:::>
.::tt. If supplied , the device for checking the liqu id level shall indicate whether the liquid level is
c
cu within the operating range , during operation .
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
6.1.4 Liquid tightness

c No liqu id loss is permitted . Any liquid loss represents a danger of insulation contamination.
0
'U
c 6.2 Requirements for gases used in equipment
0
.....J
>. 6.2.1 General
Q.
0
() The manufacturer shall specify the type and the required quantity and quality of the gas to be
'U used in equ ipment.
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -22-
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0 6.2.2 Gas quality
()
'U New SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) shall comply with IEC 60376, while used SF6 shall comply
~
0.... with IEC 60480.
-c
0
u SF6 handling shall be in accordance with IEC 61634.
c
:::>
!'--~
The maximum allowed moisture content within instrument transformer filled with gas at rated
0 filling density for insulation shall be such that the dew-point is not higher than - 5 °C for a
0 measurement at 20 °C. Adequate correction shall be applied for measurement at other
C\J
0 temperatures. For the measurement and determination of the dew point, refer to IEC 60376
~ and IEC 60480.
0
0
+ 6.2.3 Gas monitoring device
I-
~
CJ Gas-insulated instrument transformers having a minimum functional pressure above 0.2 MPa
...,. shall be provided with pressure or density monitoring device. Gas monitoring devices may be
0
provided alone or together with the associated equipment.

6.2.4 Gas tightness

c 6.2.4.1 General
....,
:::::i
The following specifications apply to all instrument transformers that use gas, other than air at
c
:::::i atmospheric pressure, as an insulating medium.
Cl)

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.....
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6.2.4.2 Closed pressure systems for gas

.::::: The tightness characteristic of a closed pressure system stated by the manufacturer shall be
c consistent with a minimum maintenance and inspection philosophy.
:::>
~
c The tightness of closed pressure systems for gas is specified by the relative leakage rate Frei
cu
ca of each compartment;

-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
Standardized value is 0,5 % per year, for SF6 and SF6 -mixtures.
c
0 Means shall be provided to enable gas systems to be safely replenished whilst the equipment
'U
c is in service.
0
.....J

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.....
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NOTE Lower leakage rates can be specified according to national regu lations and regional practice

An increased leakage rate at extreme temperatures (if such tests are required in the relevant
.::::: standards} is acceptable, provided that this rate resets to a value not higher than the
c maximum permissible value at normal ambient air temperature. The increased temporary
:::> leakage rate shall not exceed the values given in Table 4 .
.::tt.
c
cu
ca In general, for the application of an adequate test method, reference is made to
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
IEC 60068-2-17.

Table 4 - Permissible temporary leakage rates for gas systems

c
0
'U
c Temperature class Permissible temporary
0 leakage rate
.....J •c
>. +40 and +50 3FP
Q.
0
() ambient temperature FP
'U - 5 /-10 /- 15 /- 25 /- 40 3FP
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -23-
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0 6.2.5 Pressure relief device
()
'U The device shall be protected against any accidental damage .
~
0....
-c
0
u
For GIS instrument transformers refer to IEC 62271-203 Clause 5.105.

c 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment

:::>
!'--~
0 Specifications for organ ic material used for instrument transformers (i.e. epoxy resin ,
0 polyurethane resin, epoxy-cycloaliphatic resin, composite material etc.) either for indoor or
C\J
0 outdoor installations are given in the IEC 60455 series.
~
0
0 NOTE Tests on complete instrument transformers taking into account some phenomenon like sudden change of
+ temperature , fla mmability and aging are not yet standardized . IEC 60660 for indoor insulation and IEC 61109 for
I- outdoor insulation can be used as guidance.
~
CJ
...,. 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components
0

6.4.1 General

The temperature-rise of windings, magnetic circuits and any other parts of instrument
transformers shall not exceed the appropriate value given in Table 5, when operating under
c the specified rated cond itions . These values are based on the service cond itions given in
....,:::::i clause 4.2.1 .
c
:::::i
Cl) The temperature rise of the wind ings is lim ited by the lowest class of insulation either of the

->.
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......
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winding itself or of the surrounding medium in which it is embedded.

.::::: If the instrument transformers are used within enclosures, attention shall be paid to the
c temperature reached by the surrounding cooling med ia within the enclosure.
:::>
.Y:.
c If ambient temperatures in excess of the values given in 4.2.1 are specified , the perm issible
cu
ca temperature rise given in Table 5 shall be reduced by an amount equal to the excess ambient

-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
temperature .

c
0
'U
c
0
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.....
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.:::::
c
:::>
.::tt.
c
cu
ca
-
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0
Cl)
c
0
'U
c
0
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0
()
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 24-
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0
() Table 5 - Limits of temperature rise for various parts , materials
'U and dielectrics of instrument trans formers
~
0....
-c
0
u
Part of instruments transformer
Temperature-rise limit
K
c
:::> 1. Oil-immersed instrument transformers
!'--~ top oil 50
0 - top oil, hermetically sealed 55
0
C\J - winding average 60
0 - winding average, hermetically sealed 65
~
0 - Other metallic arts in contact with oil as for windin
0
+ 2. Solid or gas insulated instrument transformers
I- - Winding (average) in contact with insulating
~
materials of the following classes{1):
CJ
...,. • y 45
0 • A 60
• E 75
• B 85
• F 110
• H 135
c -
Other metallic parts in contact with the above As for
....,:::::i insulating material classes Windings
c 3. Connection, bolted or the equ ivalent
:::::i
Cl) - Bare-copper, bare-copper alloy or bare-

->.
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......
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aluminium alloy
• in air
• in SF6
50
75
.:::::
c • in oil 60
:::> - Silver-coated or nickel-coated
.Y:.
c • in air 75
cu • in SF6 75
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
• in oil
- Tin-coated
• in air
60

65
c • in SF6 65
0
'U • in oil 60
c
0
.....J (1 ) Insulating class definitions accord ing to IEC 60085

-:>:.
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.....
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.::::: 6.4.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise
c
:::>
.::tt. If an instrument transformer is specified for service at an altitude in excess of 1 000 m and
c tested at an altitude below 1 000 m, the limits of temperature rise !). T given in Table 5 shall be
cu
ca reduced by the following amounts for each 100 m that the altitude at the operating s ite
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
exceeds 1 000 m (see Figure 1):

a) oil-immersed instrument transformer: 0,4 %;

c
0 b) dry-type and gas insu lated instrument transformer: 0,5 %
'U
c
0
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0
()
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 25-
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0
()
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~
0.... Ko [ 1)

-c
0
u
c
:::>
!'--~
0,9
0 a)
0
C\J
0
~ 0,85 +------+-----+------+------3'1--,b
~ ) -----I
0
0
+
I-
~ 0,8 + - - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - - + - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1
CJ
...,. 0 1 000 2 000 :moo 4 000 Ii 000
0
h[m]

The altitude correction factor for the temperature rise K0 = Li Th with

c LiTho
....,:::::i Li Th temperature rise at altitude h > 1 000 m and
c
:::::i
Cl) LiTh 0 1im its of temperature rise LiT specified in Table 4 at altitudes ho :::;1 000 m.

->.
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......
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Figure 1 - Altitude correction factor for the temperature rise

.::::: 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment

c
:::>
.Y:. 6.5.1 General
c
cu
ca The frame of each equipment device, if intended to be earthed, shall be provided with a
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
relia ble earthing term inal for connection to an earthing conductor s uitable for specified fault
conditions. The connecting point shall be marked with the "earth" sym bol, as indicated by
symbol No 5019 of IEC 60417
c
0
'U
c 6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure
0
.....J
The enclosure of in strument transform ers for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) shall be
-:>:.
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.....
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connected to earth. All metal parts which do not belong to a main or an auxil iary circu it , shall
be earthed .
.:::::
c 6.5.3 Electrical continuity
:::>
.::tt.
c The continu ity of the earthing circuits shall be ensured t aking into account the thermal and
cu
ca electrical stresses caused by the current they may have to carry.

-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
For the interconnection of enclosures , frames etc., fasten ing (e.g. bolting or welding) is
acceptable for providing electrical continuity.
c
0
'U
c 6.6 Requirements for the external insulation
0
.....J
6.6.1 Pollution
>.
Q.
0 For outdoor instrument transformers with ceramic insulators susceptible to contamination , the
()
creepage distances for given pollution levels are given in Table 6. Creepage distances for
'U
Q) polymeric or composite insulators are under consideration (by TC36).
en
c
Q)
u
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 26-
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Q.
0 Table 6 - Creepage distances
()
'U
Po llutio n level Minimum nominal s pecific Rati o =
~
c reepage distan ce d ivided b y
0.... creepage dis tance

-c
0
u I Light
mm/kV a , b
16
arci ng distan ce

:5:3,5
c
:::> II Medium 20
!'--~
Ill Heavy 25 :5:4,0
0
0 IV Very heavy 31
C\J
0 • Ratio of the creepage distance bet ween phase and earth over the r.m.s. phase-to-phase value of the highest
~ voltage for the equipment (see IEC 60071-1 ).
0
0 b For further information and manufacturing tolerances on the creepage distance, see IEC 60815.
+
I- NOTE 1 It is recognized that the performance of surface insulation is greatly affected by insulator shape.
~
CJ NOTE 2 In very lightly polluted areas, specific nominal creepage distances lower than 16 mm/kV can be used
...,. depending on service experience. A commonly adopted lower lim it is 12 mm/kV.
0
NOTE 3 In cases of exceptiona l pollution severity, a specifi c nominal creepage distance of 31 mm/ kV may not be
adequate. Depending on service experience and/or on laboratory test resu lts, a higher value of specific creepage
distance can be used, but in some cases the practicability of wash ing may have to be considered .

c
....,:::::i 6.6.2 Altitude
c
:::::i For installations at an altitude higher than 1000 m, the arcing distance under the standard ised
Cl)
reference atmospheric conditions shal l be determ ined by multiplying the withstand voltages
->.
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......
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required at the service location by a factor k in accordance with Figure 2.

NOTE As the dielectric strength of the internal insulation is not affected by altitude, the method used for checking
.::::: the external insulation should be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
c
:::>
.Y:.
c
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
c
0
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c
0
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.:::::
c
:::>
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c
cu
ca
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c
0
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c
0
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0
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC - 27 -
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0 L.
()
'U
~ K
0.... M= L
-c
0
u
v
v
c L. 4 /
:::> /

!'--~ /
0 /
0
C\J v l"'l=0 .75
0
~ 1.3 /
/
v
v
0 ,I ./
0
I-
+ I/ /v
~ v /
CJ / / v
...,. /
/
0
.2 / I/
/ /
v
v ,,.v
/
/ v
/
/ I/
c
....,:::::i L.1 v v
c ,, / v
:::::i /
Cl) /
/v v
->.
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......
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~ /

.:::::
c 1000 1500 2000 2500 3 000 3500 4000
:::>
.Y:.
c
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
These fa ctors can be calculated with the following equation:

k =em (H -1 000)/8150
c where
0
'U H is the altitude in meters;
c
0 m =1 for power-frequency and lightning impulse voltage;
.....J

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.....
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m = 0, 75 for switch ing impulse voltage.

.::::: Figure 2 - Altitude correction factor

c
:::>
.::tt.
c
cu 6.7 Mechanical requirements
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
These requirements apply only to instrumen t transformers having a highest voltage for
equ ipment of 72,5 kV and above.

c
0 The guidance for static loads that instrument transformers shall be capable of withstanding is
'U given in Table 7. The figures include loads due to wind and ice.
c
0
.....J
>. The specified test loads are intended to be applied in any direction to the primary terminals.
Q.
0
()
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -28-
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0 Table 7 - Static withstand test loads
()
'U
Static withstand test load FR
~
0....
-c
0
u
High est voltage
for equip mentUm
N

Instrument transformer s with:

c kV v ol tage term in al s c u rrent t erm in al s
:::>
Load Load
!'--~
class I c lass II
0
0
C\J 72,5 to 100 500 1250 2500
0 123 to 170 1000 2000 3000
~
0 245 to 362 1250 2500 4000
0
+ <:: 420 1500 4000 5000
I-
~ NOTE 1 The sum of the loads acting in routinely operating conditions should not exceed 50 % of the specified
CJ withstand test load .
...,.
0 NOTE 2 In some applicatfons instrument transformers with through current terminals should withstand rarely
occurring extreme dynamic loads (e.g. short circuits) not exceeding 1,4 times the static test load.
NOTE 3 For some applications it may be necessary to establish the resistance to rotation of the primary termina ls.
The moment to be applied during the test has to be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 4 In the case of transfo rmers integrated with in other equipment (e.g.: switchgear assemblies) the static
c withstand test loads of the respective equipment should not be diminished by the integration process.
....,:::::i
c
:::::i 6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals
Cl)

->.
"Ci)
......
Q)
If additionally specified, the primary terminals of oil-immersed instrument transformers having
Um:2::300 kV s hall withstand multiple chopped impu lses in accordance to Clause 7.4.2 .
.:::::
c NOTE Requirements and tests relate to the behaviour of the internal shields and connections carrying high
:::> frequency transient currents, mainly due to disconnect switching operations. The test may also be applied to rating
.Y:. below this level.
c
cu
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
6.9 Internal arc fau lt protection requi rements

These requirements apply to oil-immersed and gas-insulated free-standing instrument

c transformers having Um ::::: 72 ,5 kV, for which internal arc fault protection class is add itionally
0 specified.
'U
c
0
.....J NOTE 1 This test is not a guarantee against conta inment under all short-circuit conditions, but a test to

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.....
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demonstrate conformance to an agreed level of safety.

NOTE 2 This test is a new test and therefore the test procedure may be improved in the future .
.:::::
c If additionally specified, the instrument transformer shall be able to withstand an internal arc
:::> of the specified current and duration .
.::tt.
c
cu
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from the standard symmetrical single-phase values of R10 range according to 4.5 of
IEC 60694 . The first peak value of the current shall be 1, 7 times the rms current.

c NOTE Reduced internal arc test levels should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
0 Experience has shown that selecti on of test currents equal to 100 % system fault level, statistically requires a
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The arc fault duration shall be according to Table 8.
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~ Arc fa ult
fault c u r re nt Protection Intern al arc fa ult pro tection Inte rn al arc fault p rotection
0....
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rms value
kA
s tage
duration
s
c lass I class II

c No external effect other than the

:::> 1 0.2 operation of suitable pressure
!'--~ relief device.
< 40
0
0 Fracture of the housing and fire No fragmentation (burn-through or
C\J 2 0.5
permitted, but all projected fire acceptable)
0
~ parts to be confined within the No external effect other than the
0 1 0.1 containment area. operation of suitab le pressure
0 relief device.
+ :2:40
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No fragmentation (burn-through or
~ 2 0.3
fire acceptable}
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6.10 Degrees of protection by enc losures

6.10.1 Gen eral

c
....,:::::i Degrees of protection according to IEC 60529 shall be specified, if appl icable, for all
enclosures of instrument transformers containing parts of the main circuit allowing penetration
c
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6.10.2 Protection of persons agai nst access to hazardous parts and protection of the
.::::: equipment against ingress of s olid foreign objects
c
:::> The degree of protection of persons provided by an enclosure against access to hazardous
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c parts of the main circuit, control and/or auxiliary circuits shall be indicated by means of a
cu designation specified in IEC 60529 .
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The first characteristic numeral indicates the degree of protection provided by the enclosure
with respect to persons, as well as of protection of the instrument transformers inside the
c enclosure against ingress of solid foreign bodies.
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the enclosure and that a part of the body or an object held by a person, either will not enter
the enclosure or, if it enters, that adequate clearance will be maintained and no hazardous
part will be touched .
.:::::
c
:::> NOTE Generally the degree of protection of persons against access to hazardous parts of the main circu it, or
.::tt. control or auxiliary circuit of instrument transformers, and the protection of the instrument transformers against
c
cu foreign objects, may be provided by the immediate surroundings of he instrument transformers, such as substation
ca fence, building, module enclosure, and so on. Further protection may be required as a feature of the instrument

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transformers as a whole or parts of it.

6.10.3 Protection against ingress of water

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c The recommended minimum degree of protection for low-voltage control and/or auxil iary
:::> enclosures for indoor instrument transformers is IP20 according to IEC 60529 . Th is
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0
0 Instrument Transformer without firstly de-energising the transformer and making safe through
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~ the need for such external safety measures to the Instrument Transformer should be clearly
0 stated in the product documentation.
0
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~ 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers
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...,. The recommended minimum degree of protection for low-voltage control and/or auxiliary
0 enclosures for outdoor instrument transformers is IP44 according to IEC 60529 .

Instrument transformers for outdoor installation provided with additional protection features
against rain and other weather cond itions shall be specified by means of the supplementary
letter W placed after the second characteristic numeral, or after the additional letter, if any.
c
....,:::::i
c 6.10.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal service
:::::i conditions
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Enclosures of instrument transformers shall be of sufficient mechanical strength .

.::::: Corresponding tests are specified in 7.2 .7.2. Porcelain insulators are excluded from impact
c test.
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c For indoor installation , the recommended level of protection against effects of mechan ical
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For outdoor installation without additional mechan ical protection, users may specify higher
impact levels.
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c 6.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
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6.11.1 General

EMC is the ability of an equ ipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
.::::: environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that
c environment [IEV 161-01-07] .
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c
cu For instrument transformers the following EMC requ irements and tests are specified:
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Requirement for emission (Radio Interference Voltage - RIV). Applicable to high voltage
parts of the equipment.
Requirements for immunity. Only applicable to electron ic parts of the equipment.
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The electromagnetic immunity requ irements and tests are specified only for parts of
instrument transformers containing active electronic components.
c
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!'--~ Please refer to specific product standard IEC 61869-9 for details .
0
0
C\J 6.11.4 Requirement for transm itted overvoltages
0
~ These requ irements apply to instruments transformers having Um;;:::: 72,5 kV.
0
0
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I- The overvoltages transm itted from the primary to the secondary term ina ls shall not exceed the
~ values given in Table 9, under the test and measuring conditions described in Clause 7.4.4.
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0 Type A impulse requirement applies to instruments transformers for air-insu lated switchgear,
while impu lse B requirement applies to instruments transformers installed in gas insulated
metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS). Type A and B impu lses are depicted in fig. 3.

The transmitted overvoltage peak lim its given in Table 9 and measured in accordance with the
c methods specified in 7.4.4 should ensure sufficient protection of electronic equ ipment
....,:::::i connected to the secondary winding .
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Type of impulse A B

.::::: Peak va lue of the applied voltage (Up )

c J2
1,6 x ,fj, xum 1,6 x
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- conventional front ti me (T1)
- time to half-value (T2)
- front time (T1)
0,50 µs ± 20 %

~ 50 µs
10 ns ± 20 %
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NOTE 1 The wave-shape cha racteristics are representative of vo ltage oscillations due to switching operations .

.::::: NOTE 2 See figure 3.

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0 Caution has to be taken against corrosion of the equ ipment during the service life.
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>. demountable.
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6.13 Markings
c All instrument transformers shall carry at least the following markings:
:::>
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0 g) mass in kg (when ;:: 25)
h) class of mechanical requirements (for Um:2:72kV)

NOTE The two items d) and e) may be combined into one marking (e.g. 72,5/140/325 kV).

c All information shall be marked in an indelible manner on the instrument transformer itself or
....,:::::i on a rating plate securely attached to the transformer .
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In addition, the following information should be marked:
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i) class of insulation if different from Class A ;
.::::: NOTE If several classes of insulating material are used, the one, which limits the temperature rise of the
c windings, should be indicated. On transformers with more than one secondary winding , the use of each
:::> winding and its corresponding terminals should be indicated .
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c j) all indications relative to the measuring characteristics (see specific standard)
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k) type of the insulating fluid
I) rated filling pressure
m) minimum functional pressure
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See Annex C .
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:::> 7 Tests
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7.1.1 Classification of tests

The tests specified in this standard are classified as follows:

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0 • Sample test: A selected type or special test performed on one or more complete
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:::> Table 10 - List of tests
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0 T e s t s S ubc lause
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0 Ty pe t ests 7.2
~
0 Temperature-rise test 7.2.2
0 Impulse vo ltage test on primary terminals
+ 7.2.3
I- Wet test for outdoor type transformers 7.2.4
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...,. Test for accuracy 7.2.6
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Ve ri fication of th e degree of protection by enclosures 7.2 .7
Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperatu re 7.2.8
Pressure test for the enclosure 7.2.9
Rou tine test s 7.3
c
....,:::::i Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals 7.3.1
c Partial discharge measurement 7.3.2
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Power-frequency vo ltage wit hstand tests on secondary terminals
Test for accuracy
Ve ri fication of markings
7 .3.4
7.3.5
7.3.6
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c Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.3.7
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c Special tests 7.4
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Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on prima ry terminals
Multiple chopped impulse test on pri mary te rm inals
Measurement of ca pa citance and dielectric dissipation facto r
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1 11

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7 .4.2
7 .4.3
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Enclosure tightness test at low and high temperatu res
Gas dew point test
Corrosion test
7.4.7
7.4.8
7.4.9
.:::::
c Fire hazard test 7.4.10
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.::tt. Sample tests 7.5
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ca For testing of gas-insulated instrument transformers, the type and pressure of the gas shall be
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accord ing to Table 11.

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Dielectric,

RIV
8

c Same flu id as in service Minimum functional pressure

:::> Accuracy
!'--~ Temperature rise
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~
0 Mechanica l Same fluid as in service Rated fi lling pressure
0
+ Tightness
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0 a
For gas-insulated instrument transformers installed on GIS, the wet test and RIV test are not applicable.

7.1.3 Sequence of tests

c After the instrument transformer has been subjected to the dielectric type tests detailed in 7 .2,
....,:::::i it shall be subjected to all routine tests detailed in 7.3 .
c
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test sequence and routine testing .

If special tests have to be carried out, they may have influence on the sequence of tests .
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All the dielectric type tests shall be carried out on the same instrument transformer, unless
otherwise specified.
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deviations from the instrument transformer under consideration. Such deviations should be subject to agreement
between manufacturer and purchaser.

.::::: All the type tests shall be carried out at ambient temperature between 10 °C and 30 °C .
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ca The manufacturer shall submit to the testi ng laboratory, drawings and other data conta ining

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sufficient information to unambiguously identify by type the essential details and parts of the
equipment presented for test. Each drawing or data schedule shall be uniquely referenced
and shall contain a statement to the effect that the manufacturer guarantees that the drawings
c or data schedules truly represent the equipment to be tested .
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manufacturer for storage.
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() the previously mentioned requirements.
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essential details and parts of the equipment to be tested , but shall not be responsible for the
accuracy of the detai led information.
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!'--~ for identification of essential parts of equ ipment have to be specified by the relevant
0 standards.
0
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0 NOTE 2 An individual type test need not be repeated for a change of construction detail, if the manufacturer can
~ demonstrate that this change does not influence the result of that individual type test.
0
0
+ Annex A gives list of drawings to be submitted
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...,.
0 The results of all type-tests shall be recorded in type-test reports containing :

1 Identification fi le as prescribed in 7.2.1.1 and Annex A

2 Test arrangement
c details of the testing arrangements (including diagram of test circu it):
....,:::::i genera l details of the supporting structure of the device used during the test
c
:::::i photographs to illustrate the condition of equipment before and after test:
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3 Test data to prove compliance with the specification ,
test program
.::::: records of the test quantities during each test, as specified in the relevant IEC standard
c
:::> statements of the behavior of the equipment during tests , its condition after tests and , if
.Y:. appl icable, any parts renewed or recond itioned during the tests .
c
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7.2.2 Temperature-rise test
c A test shall be made to prove compliance with 6.4.
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Q) The temperature rise of windings shall , when practicable, be measured by the increase in
.::::: resistance method, but for wind ings of very low resistance, thermocouples may be empl oyed~
c
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c
cu thermocouples.
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Instrument transformers shall be considered to have attained a steady-state temperature
when the rate of temperature rise does not exceed 1 K/h.
c
0
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c and for further information regarding test arrangements and procedures, refer to product
0
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0 7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals
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The impulse test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60060-1, and, if any, in
accordance with the relevant instrument transformer specific standards .
c
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!'--~
secondary system shall be connected to earth.
0
0
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0 The impulse tests generally cons ist of voltage application at reference and rated voltage
~ levels. The reference impulse voltage shall be between 50 % and 75 % of the rated impulse
0 withstand voltage. The peak value and the wave shape of the impu lse shal l be recorded.
0
+
I-
~ Evidence of insulation fai lure due to the test may be given by variation in the wave shape at
CJ both reference and rated withstand voltage .
...,.
0
Improvements in fai lure detection may be obtained by recording of the current(s) to earth as a
complement to the voltage record.

The test voltage shall have the appropriate value , given in Table 2 depending on the highest
c voltage for equipment and the specified insulation level.
....,:::::i
c 7.2.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals
:::::i
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7 .2.3.2.1 Instrument transformers having Um < 300 kV

The test shall be performed with both positive and negative polarities . Fifteen consecutive
.::::: impulses of each polarity, not corrected for atmospheric conditions , shall be applied .
c
:::>
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c
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ca
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Transformer shall be considered to have passed the impulse tests for each polarity if the
following conditions are fu lfi lled:

- each series(+ and-) has at least 15 im pulses ;

c
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0
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This procedure leads to a maximum possible number of 25 impulses per series.

.:::::
c No evidence of insulation failure shall be detected (e.g variation of the wave shape of the
:::> recorded quantities on routine tests wh ich serve as verification tests)
.::tt.
c
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ca If disruptive discharges occur and evidence cannot be given during testing that the disruptive

-
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discharges were on self-restoring insulation, the IT shall be dismantled and inspected after
the completion of the dielectric test series. If damage to non-self-restoring insulation is
observed , the Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have failed the test.
c
0
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c other tests are agreed between manufacturer and purchaser in order to check the external insulation, then, the
0
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>.
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0 7.2.3.2.2 Instrument transformers having Um~ 300 kV
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0 The transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if:
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- no other evidence of insulation failure is detected (e.g. variations in the wave shape of the
recorded quantities on routine tests wh ich serve as verification tests) .

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:::> 7.2.3.3 Switching impulse voltage test
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0 7.2.3.3.1 General
0
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0 The test shall be performed with positive polarity. Fifteen consecutive impulses, corrected for
~ atmospheric conditions, shall be appl ied.
0
0
+
I- For outdoor-type transformers the test shall be performed under wet conditions. The wetting
~ procedure shall be in accordance with IEC 60060-1.
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0 The following test procedure B of IEC 60060-1 , adapted for HV equ ipment that has self-
restoring and non-restoring insulation , is the preferred test procedure . The Instrument
Transformer shall be considered to have passed the impulse tests if the following conditions
are fulfilled:

c Test has at least 15 impulses ;

....,:::::i - no disruptive discharges on non-self restoring insulation shall occur. This is confirmed by
c 5 consecutive impulse withstands following the last disruptive discharge.
:::::i
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- the number of disruptive discharges shall not exceed two.
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This procedure leads to a maximum possible number of 25 impulses .
.:::::
c No evidence of insulation failure shall be detected (e.g variation of the wave shape of the
:::> recorded quantities) .
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c
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ca If disruptive discharges occur and evidence cannot be given during testing that the disruptive

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discharges were on self-restoring insulation , the IT shall be dismantled and inspect ed after
the completion of the dielectric test series. If damage to non-self-restoring insulation is
observed , the Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have fail ed the test.
c
0
'U NOTE Impulses with flashover to the walls or cei lings of the laboratory shall be disregarded .
c
0
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.....
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7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers

The wetting procedure shall be in accordance with IEC 60060-1 .

.:::::
c
:::> For instrument transformers having Um < 300 kV, the test shall be performed with power-
.::tt. frequency voltage of the appropriate value given in Table 2 depend ing on the highest voltage
c
cu for equipment applying corrections for atmospheric conditions.
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
Cl)
For instrument transformers having Um :<:: 300 kV, the test shall be performed with switching
impulse voltage of positive polarity, of the appropriate value given in Table 2, depending on
c the highest voltage for equ ipment and the rated insulation level.
0
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c 7.2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests
0
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Q.
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() As the radio interference voltage level may be affected by fibers or dust settling on the
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Q)
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c
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -39-
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0 The following test procedure shall be followed:
()
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0....
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0
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approximately the same temperature as the laboratory room in which the test is made .

The test should be performed under the following atmospheric conditions:

c
:::>
!'--~ - Temperature: from 10 °C to 30 °C;
0
0 Pressure : from 0,870 x 105 Pa to 1,070x105 Pa;
C\J
0 Relative humidity: from 45 % to 75 %.
~
0
0 NOTE 1 No correction factors for atmospheric conditions in accordance with IEC 60060-1 are applicable to radio
+ interference tests.
I-
~
CJ The test connections and their ends shall not be a source of radio interference voltage.
...,.
0
Shielding of primary term inals simulating the operation condition should be provided to
prevent spurious discharges . The use of sections of tube with spherical terminations is
recommended.

c
....,:::::i ---0- u
-:) B

c () n
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_L _I
-I es
->.
(>-fl '1 l
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.:::::
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c
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T is the test transformer

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Ca is the test object
Z is the filter
.::::: B is the corona-free termination
c
:::> M is the measuring set with input resistance ~
.::tt.
c
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ca
-
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R1+RM
Zs. Cs. L1. R1, Rz see CISPR 18-2
Figure 4 - RIV Measuring circuit
c
0
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c The test voltage shall be applied between one of the terminals of the primary winding of the
0
.....J test object (Ca) and earth. The frame, case (if any) , core (if intended to be earthed) and one
>. terminal of each secondary winding shall be connected to earth.
Q.
0
() The measuring circuit (see Figure 4) shall comply with CISPR 18-2. The measuring c ircuit
'U shall preferably be tuned to a frequency in the range of 0,5 MHz to 2 MHz, the measuring
Q)
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c
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -40-
>.
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()
be 300 Q ± 40 Q with a phase angle not exceeding 20° at the measuring frequency.
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A capacitor, Cs, may also be used in place of the filter Zs and a capacitance of 1 000 pF is
generally adequate.
c NOTE 2 A specially designed capacitor may be necessary in order to avoid too low a resonant frequency.
:::>
!'--~ The filter Z shall have a high impedance at the measuring frequency in order to decouple the
0 power frequency source from the measuring circuit. A suitable value for this impedance has
0
C\J been found to be 10 000 Q to 20 000 Q at the measuring frequency.
0
~
0 The radio interference background level (radio interference caused by external field and by
0
+ the high-voltage transformer) shall be at least 6 dB (preferably 10 dB} below the specified
I- radio interference level.
~
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...,. NOTE 3 Care should be taken lo avoid disturbances caused by nearby objects lo the instrument transformer and
0 to the test and measuring circuits.

Calibration methods for the measuring instruments and for the measuring circuit are given in
CISPR 18-2.

c
....,:::::i A pre-stress voltage of 1,5x um/J3 shall be applied and maintained for 30 s.
c
:::::i
Cl) The voltage shall then be decreased to 1, 1x Um/
J3 in about 10 s and maintained to this
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value for 30 s before measuring the radio interference voltage.

.::::: The instrument transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if the radio
c
:::> interference level at 1, 1x Um/ J3 is in accordance with 6.11.2.
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c
cu 7.2.5.2 Immunity test.
ca
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See IEC 61869-9.

c 7.2.6 Test for accuracy

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7.2.7

7.2.7.1
Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures

Verification of the IP coding

.:::::
c
:::> In accordance with the requirements specified in 6.10, tests shall be performed in accordance
.::tt. with IEC 60529 on the enclosures of all parts of the fully assembled equipment as under
c service conditions.
cu
ca
-
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7.2.7.2 Mechanical impact test

In accordance with the requirements specified in 6.10.6, enclosures shall be subjected to an

c impact test. Three blows are applied to points of the enclosure that are likely to be the
0
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c
0
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>. The use of a spring-operated impact test apparatus as defined in IEC 60068-2-75 is
Q. recommended.
0
()
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Q)
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c
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC - 41 -
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0 degree of protection. Superficial damage, such as removal of pa int, breaking of cooling ribs or
()
s imilar parts, or minor indentations can be ignored .
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7.2.8

7.2.8.1
Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature

closed pressure systems for gas

c
:::> The t ightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers sha ll prove
!'--~
compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4.2 and shall be performed on a complete
0
0 transformer at ambient temperature 20 ± 10 °C.
C\J
0
~ The method shall be the cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as specified by
0
0 IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Qm test).
+
I-
~ Every opening present on the transformer enclosure shall be sealed with the orig inal seal ing
CJ device .
...,.
0
The transformer shall be filled with the same gas mixture as used in service at the rated filling
pressure at 20 °C ambient temperature.

The sensitivity of the leakage measurement shall be such as to detect a leakage rate
c correspond ing to about 0,25 %/year.
....,:::::i
c NOTE 1 The sensitivity of a leakage measurement changes with the sensitivity of the leakage meter, with the
:::::i
Cl) capaci ty of the volume of measurement and with the time between two concentration measurements.

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The test shall be started after at least one hour from the completion of the filling of the
instrument transformer, in order to allow stabilisation of the leakage f low.
.:::::
c NOTE 2 The tightness type test is not necessary if the routine tightness test is performed using the cumulative
:::> method (test method 1 of Qm test)
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c
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ca 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosure
-
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For gas-insulated, metal-enclosed instrument transformers, re fer to 6.103 of IEC 62271-203.

c
0 For insulators of gas-insulated instrument transformers, refer to IEC 62155 and IEC 61462-2.
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c
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.....J 7.3 Routine tests

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7.3.1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals,

.::::: The power-frequency withstand test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60060-1 .
c
:::>
.::tt. The test voltage shall have the appropriate value given in Table 2, depend ing on the highest
c voltage for equipment. The duration shall be 60 s, unless otherwise specified .
cu
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The test voltage sha ll be applied:

• between the primary terminals and earth

c
0 • between primary terminals, where applicable.
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c
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.....J The secondary term inals, the frame, case (if any) and core (if there is a special earth
>. terminal) shall be connected to earth .
Q.
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() Repeated power-frequency tests on primary terminals should be performed at 80 % of the
'U specified test voltage.
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61869-1 /FD IS © IEC -42-
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0 7.3.2 Partial discharge measurement
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'U 7 .3.2.1 Test circuit and instrumentation
~
0....
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The test circuit and the instrumentation used shall be in accordance with IEC 60270 . Some
exam pies of test circuits are shown in Figures 5 to 7.
c
:::> z
!'--~
0
0
C\J
0
~
0 IT
0
+ T
I-
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...,.
0

T is the test transformer

c
....,
:::::i IT is the instrument transformer to be tested
c Ck is the cou plin g capa citor
:::::i
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Zm
Z
is the measuring impedance
is the filter
.:::::
c
:::> Figure 5 - Test circuit for partial discharge measurement
~
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -43-
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0
z is the fi lter (not present if Ck is the capacitance of the test transformer)

Ca1 is the auxiliary PD free obj ect

Zm1 and Zm2 are the measuring impedances

c
....,:::::i Figure 7 - Example of balanced test circuit for partial discharge measurement
c
:::::i
Cl) The instrument used shall measure the apparent charge q expressed in picocoulomb (pC) . Its

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cal ibration shall be performed in the test circuit (see an example in Figure 8).

z
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Symbols as in Figure 5
.::::: G is the impulse generator with capacitance CO
c
:::>
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c
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ca IT is the instrument transformer to be tested

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is the coupling capacitor

is the PD measuring instrument

c
0
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c
0
.....J Figure 8 - Ex ample of calibration circuit for partial discharge measurement
>.
Q.
0 A wide-band instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 100 kHz with a upper cut-off
() frequency not exceeding 1,2 MHz.
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -44-
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0 Narrow-band instruments shall have their resonance frequency in the range 0, 15 to 2 MHz.
()
Preferred values should be in the range from 0,5 to 2 MHz but, if feasible, the measurement
'U
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should be performed at the frequency which gives the highest sensitivity.
0....
- c
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The sensitivity shall allow detection of a partial discharge level of 5 pC.

c NOTE 1 The noise must be sufficiently lower than the sensitivity. Pulses that are known to be caused by external
:::> disturbances may be disregarded.
!'--~
NOTE 2 For the suppression of external noise, the balanced test circuit (see Figure 7) is appropriate.
0
0 NOTE 3 When electronic signal processing and recove ry are used to reduce the background noise, this must be
C\J demonstrated by varying its parameters so that it allows the detection of repeatedly occurring pulses.
0
~
0
0 7.3.2.2 Partial discharge test procedure
+
I-
~ After a prestressing performed according to procedures A or B, the partial discharge test
CJ voltages specified in Table 3 are reached, and the corresponding partial discharge levels are
...,. measured in a time within 30 s .
0

The measured partial discharge shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 3.

Procedure A: the partial discharge test voltages are reached while decreasing the voltage
c after the power-frequency withstand test.
....,:::J
c Procedure B: the partial discharge test is performed after the power-frequency withstand test.
:::J
Cl) The applied voltage is raised to 80 % of the power-frequency withstand voltage, maintained
for not less than 60 s, then reduced without interruption to the specified partial discharge test
- >.
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voltages.

.::::: If not otherwise specified, the choice of the procedure is left to the manufacturer. The test
c
:::> method used shall be indicated in the test report.
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cu 7.3.3 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests b etween sections
ca
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This test is applicable only to instrument transformers having more than one section.

c The test voltage according to 5.3.4 shall be applied for 60 s in turn between the short
0 circuited terminals of each section.
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c
0
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other terminals or sections shall be connected together and to earth.

.::::: 7.3.4 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals

c
:::> The test voltage according to 5.3.5 shall be applied for 60 s in turn between the short
.::tt.
c circuited terminals of each winding and earth.
cu
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The frame, case (if any), core {if there is a special earth terminal), and all the other terminals
shall be connected to earth.

c 7.3.5 Test for accuracy

0
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c See specific standards.
0
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0
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It shall be verified that the nameplate and terminal markings are correct.
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -45-
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0 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature
()
'U 7 .3. 7 .1 Closed pressure systems for gas
~
0....
-c
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The tightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers shall prove
compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4 and shall be performed on a complete
c transformer at ambient temperature (20 ± 10) °C.
:::>
!'--~
If possible, the method will be the cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as
0
0 specified by IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Qm test). Leakage detection using a sniffing
C\J
device may be used. If a leak is detected with the leakage detector, then the leakage shall be
0
~
quantified using the cumulative method.
0
0
+ The test should be started at least one hour after the filling of the transformer in order to
I-
~ reach a stabilised leakage flow.
CJ
...,. The sensitivity of the leakage measurement shall be such as to detect a leakage rate
0
corresponding to about 0,25 %/year.

7.3.7.2 Liquid systems

c The purpose of tightness tests is to demonstrate that there is no leakage

....,
:::::i

c The object under test shall be assembled as in the service condition with all its accessories
:::::i
Cl) and its normal fluid, mounted as close as possible to that in service (i.e. framework, fixing
etc.).
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.:::::
c
:::> Refer to 7.2.9.
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cu 7 .4 Special tests
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7.4.1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals

The test shall be carried out with negative polarity only and combined with the negative
c polarity lightning impulse test in the manner described below.
0
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c
0 The voltage shall be a standard lightning impulse as defined in IEC 60060-1, chopped between
.....J
2 µ.s and 5 µs. The chopping circuit shall be so arranged that the amount of over swing of
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opposite polarity of the recorded impu lse shall be limited to approximately 30 % of the peak
value .
.:::::
c
:::> The test voltage of the full impulses shall have the appropriate va lue, given in Table 2
.::tt. depending on the highest voltage for equipment and the specified insulation level.
c
cu
ca The chopped impulse test voltage shall be in accordance with 5.3.3.2
-
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Cl) The sequence of impulse applications shall be as following:
c
0 a) for instrument transformers having Um < 300 kV:
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c - one full impulse;
0
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- two chopped impulses (four chopped impulses for unearthed voltage transformers) ;
>.
Q.
0 - fourteen full impulses.
()
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For unearthed voltage transformers, two chopped impulses and approximately half of the
Q) 15 full impulses shall be applied to each terminal.
en
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Q) b) for instrum ent transformers having Um~ 300 kV:
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -46-
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0 - one full impulse;
()
'U - two chopped impulses;
~
0.... two full impulses.
-c
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Differences in the wave shape of full-wave applications before and after the chopped
c impulses are an indication of an internal fault.
:::>
!'--~
Flashovers during chopped impulses along self-restoring external insulation shall be
0
0 disregarded in the evaluation of the behavior of the insu lation.
C\J
0
~ 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals
0
0
+ The test should be made to prove compliance with 6.8 .
I-
~
CJ The test shall be performed by applying multiple impulses of negative polarity chopped close
...,. to the crest.
0

The test voltage shall be applied between the primary terminals (connected together) and
earth for CT's, and between the primary high voltage terminals and the primary earth
terminals for earthed voltage transformers. The frame, case (if any) , core (if intended to be
c earthed) and all the terminals of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected to earth.
....,:::::i
c • The prescribed peak value of the test voltage shall be 70 % of the rated lightning impulse
:::::i withstand voltage. The impulse front of the test voltage should be 1,2/50 µs wave.
Cl)

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......
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• The virtual duration of voltage collapse, measured according to IEC 60060-1, shall not
exceed 0,5 µs and the circuit shall be so arranged that the over swing to opposite polarity
of the impulse shall be approximately 30 % of the prescribed peak voltage.
.:::::
c
:::> 600 consecutive impulses shall be applied, approximately at a rate of 1 impulse/minute.
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c
cu NOTE The number of impulses cou ld be reduced to 100 by agreement between the manufacturer and the
ca purchaser.

-
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The wave shape shall be recorded at the begi nning and at t he end of the test, as well as after
a minimum of every 100 impulses.
c
0
'U The criteria for evaluating the resu lt should be based on the following requirements:
c
0
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impulses should not give evidence of any modification which could be attributed to internal
discharges ;
.::::: - the level of the partial discharges measured shou ld not exceed the values of Table 3;
c
:::> - the measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor measured before and
.::tt. after at least 24 h from the conclusion of the test. The results should be the same , apart
c
cu from the uncertainty attributed to the test method used and to the effects of neglig ible
ca quantities that may influence the result (e. g. , temperature of the insulating materials);
-
.c::
:::::i
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- the increase of the dissolved gases in oil, measured 72 h after the test, shall not exceed
the fol lowing values:
c - hydrogen (H 2 ): 20 µI/I (min imum detectable level 3 µI/I),
0
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c - methane (CH 4 ): 5 µI/I (minimum detectable level: 0.1 µI/I)
0
.....J - acetylene (C2 H 2 ): 1 µI/I (minimum detectable level: 0.1 µI/I).
>.
Q. Oil sampling procedure should be in accordance with IEC 60567.
0
()
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When any of the ind icated requ irements is not met, the instrument transformer shall be
Q) considered to have failed the test.
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -47-
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0 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor
()
'U The main purpose is to check the uniformity of the production . Lim its for the permissible
~
0.... variations may be the subject to an agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
-c
0
u The test shall be carried out after the power-frequency withstand test on the primary
c terminals . For a CVT this test shall be applied both before and after.
:::>
!'--~
0 The dielectric dissipation factor is dependent on the insulation design, and on both voltage
0
C\J and temperature. Its value at Um/J3 and ambient temperature normally does not exceed
0
~ 0,005.
0
0
+ The test shall be performed with the instrument transformer at ambient temperature , the value
I-
~ of which shall be recorded.
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...,. The values of capacitance and dielectric diss ipation factor (tan o) shall be referred to the
0
rated frequency and to a voltage level in the range from 10 kV to Um/ J3.
NOTE Dielectric dissipation factor test is not applicable to gas-insulated instrument transformers.

c
....,:::::i 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test
c
:::::i This test is made to prove compl iance with 6.11.4.
Cl)

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......
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A low voltage impu lse (U1 ) shall be applied between one of the primary term ina ls and earth
(see Figure 9) .
.:::::
c
:::> For instrument transformers for GIS, the impulse shall be applied through a 50 n coaxial
~ cable adapter according to Figure 10. The enclosure of the GIS section shall be connected to
c earth as planned in service.
cu
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For other applications, the test c ircuit shall be as described in Figure 9.

c
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c
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c Figure 9 - Transmitted overvoltage measurement: General test configuration

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ca /EC 2687102

-
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c 500 coax feed-th rough terminato r
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c
0 Test Voltage
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Transmitted Voltage
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0
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c Test circuit and GIS Test configuration (CT)
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -49-
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0 The terminal(s) of the secondary wind ing(s) intended to be earthed shal l be connected to the
()
frame and to earth .
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The transm itted voltage (U 2 ) shall be measured at the open secondary terminals through a
50 n coaxial cable terminated with the 50 n input impedance of an oscilloscope having a
bandwidth of 100 MHz or higher which reads the peak value.
c
:::> NOTE 1 Other test methods to avoid the intrusion of the instrumentation may be agreed between manufacturer
!'--~ and purchaser.
0
0
C\J If the instrument transformer comprises more than one secondary wind ing, the measurement
0 shall be successively performed on each one of the windings.
~
0
0 In the case of secondary windings with intermed iate tappings, the measurement shall be
+
I- performed only on the tapping corresponding to the full winding.
~
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...,. The overvoltage s transmitted to the secondary w inding (Us) for the specified overvoltages
0 (Up) applied to the primary winding shall be calculated as follows:

c In case of oscillations on the crest, a mean curve should be drawn, and the maximum
....,
:::::i amplitude of th is curve is considered as the peak value U1 for the calculation of the
c transmitted voltage .
:::::i
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The instrument transformer is considered to have passed the test if the value of the
transmitted overvoltage does not exceed the limits given in Table 9.
.:::::
c
:::> 7.4.5 Mechanical tests
~
c
cu The tests are carried out to demonstrate that an instrument transformer is capable of
ca
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complying with the requirements specifi ed in 6.7 .

The instrument transformer shall be completely assembled, installed in a vertical position with
c the frame rigidly fixed.
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c Liquid-immersed instrument transformers shall be filled with the specified insulation medium
0
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Gas insulated free-stand ing instrument transformers shall be filled with specified gas or gas
.::::: mixture at rated filling pressure .
c
:::>
.::tt. For each of the conditions ind icated in Table 12, the test loads shall be increased smoothly
c within 30 to 90s to the test load values according to Table 7. When the value is reached, it will
cu
ca be maintained for at least 60 s. During this time the deflection shall be measured. The test

-
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load shall then be released smoothly and the residual deflection shall be recorded .

The instrument transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if there is no evidence
c of damage (deformation , rupture or leakage).
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() Table 12 - Modalities of application of the test loads to be applied to
'U the line primary terminals
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Instrument
Transformer type
Modality of application

c
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!'--~ Horizontal
0
0
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0 With voltage
~ termina l
0
0
+
I- Vertica l
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0

Horizontal to each

~r,
c terminal
....,:::::i
c With through
:::::i
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.::::: Vertical to each
c terminal
:::>
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c
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ca The test load shall be applied to the centre of the terminal.

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c 7.4.6 Internal arc fault test
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c The test should be made to prove compliance with 6.9. The instrument transformer shall be
0
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The base of the transformer shall be mounted on a pedestal of at least 500 mm high . For gas-
insulated instrument transformers, the filling pressure shall not be less than the rated filling
.::::: pressure at 20 °C.
c
:::>
.::tt.
c For the internal arc fault test, a containment area encircling the object under test for projected
cu parts shall be defined. The diameter of this area shall be equal to the transformer diameter
ca
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(largest dimension) plus twice the specimen height, with a minimum diameter of 2 m .

The test shall be carried out with the transformer initially at ambient temperature.
c
0
'U The test current frequency shall be between 48 Hz to 62 Hz.
c
0
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>. The test current shall be the one specified in clause 6.9.
Q.
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() The tolerances adm itted are the following:
'U
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en - ±5 % on the r.m.s. value
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC - 51 -
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0 - ±5 % on the duration
()
'U The power of the supply shall be sufficient to practically maintain the sinusoidal arc fault
~
0.... current throughout the entire duration of the test.
-c
0
u The arc inside the test object can be incepted by a wire of 1 mm to 3 mm diameter placed
c between the high and low voltage shield through the main insulation or by means of an
:::> equivalent device.
!'--~
0
0 For gas insulated instrument transformers, the arc inception shall be located in the highest
C\J
0 dielectric stressed area.
~
0
0 For oil-immersed instrument transformers, the location of the arc inception shall be agreed
+
I- between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
~
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...,. NOTE For top core oil-immersed current transformers, in many cases the area in which fai lure in service is
initiated is located in the upper part of the main insulation. For hair pin oil-immersed instrument transformers this
0
area is generally located in the bottom part of the main insulation.

The instrument transformer is considered to have successfully passed the test if the
performance criteria described in clause 6.9 is met.

c
....,:::::i In the event that an instrument transformer of similar design is already qualified, the
manufacturer shall provide the documents demonstrating the ability of the non qualified
c
:::::i instrument transformer to withstand an internal arc fault without performing any additional
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test.

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7.4.7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures
.:::::
c The tightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers shall prove
:::> compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4.2 and shall be performed on a complete
.Y:.
c transformer at the specified extreme limits of the temperature category.
cu
ca
-
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The method shall be the cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as specified by
IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Om test).

c Every opening present on the transformer enclosure shall be sealed with the original sealing
0
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c device.
0
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The position of the transformer may be different from the service position due to physical
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limitations of the environmental chamber.

.::::: The ambient temperature shall be measured with a mrn1mum of three sensors located at
c
:::> approximately 0,3 m from the transformer and equally distributed along its height.
.::tt.
c
cu The test shall be started after at least one hour from the completion of the filling of the
ca instrument transformer, in order to allow stabilisation of the leakage flow .
-
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Cl) The two series of tests shall be performed as follows:
c
0 • the measurement of the leakage rate shall be performed at ambient temperature
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c (20 ± 10 °C);
0
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• the temperature of the environmental chamber shall be decreased (or increased) to the
>. lower (or higher) limit corresponding to the temperature category of the transformer at an
Q.
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()
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• the transformer shall be maintained at the minimum (or maximum) temperatures for at
en least 24 h, with a tolerance of ±5 K, before taking the measurement of the leakage rate;
c
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -52-
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0 • the measurement of the leakage rate is carried out at low (or high} temperature;
()
'U • the temperature of the environmental chamber shall be increased (or decreased} to the
~ ambient temperature at an average rate of ±10 K/h;
0....
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• the measurement of the leakage rate after the transformer has stabilised at ambient
temperature (20 ± 10 °C}.
c
:::>
!'--~ 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test
0
0 The gas dew-point shall be determined 24 h after gas filling, as a routine or a sample test, in
C\J
0 order to prove compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.2.
~
0
0 The dew-point determination shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60376 or IEC 60480
+
I- 24 h after refilling.
~
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...,. If not otherwise agreed , the choice of the test modality is left to the manufacturer .
0
7.4.9 Corrosion test

7.4.9.1 Test procedure

c A specific corrosion test should be performed according to the relevant IEC standard;
....,:::::i reference is made to IEC 60068-1 .
c
:::::i
Cl) The test may be performed on representative models using the same materials as the

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instrument transformer under consideration.

As example;
.:::::
c
:::> - The tested equ ipment shall be submitted to environmental testing Ka (salt mist) accord ing
.Y:. to IEC 60068-2-11. The duration of the test is 168 h long .
c
cu - In add ition , for painted surfaces , the resistance to humid atmospheres contain ing sulphur
ca
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dioxide shall be tested according to ISO 3231 .

7.4.9.2 Criteria to pass the test

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c - The tightness of the representative model shall not be affected by corrosion , either by
0 visual inspection or by measurement.
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·-
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en
..... - the concerned functionality of the representative model must not be affected .
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.:::::
c
- the dismantling of the assemblies shall not be affected .
:::> - the degree of corrosion , if any, should be indicated in the test report.
.::tt.
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cu 7.4.10 Fire hazard test
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See Annex C

c 7.5 Sample tests

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c See Annex D
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Q. 8 Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance
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'U See Annex B.
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -53-
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0 9 Safety
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~ High-voltage equ ipment can be safe only when installed in accordance with the relevant
0....
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installation ru les , and used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
in term of:
c electrical aspects
:::>
!'--~ mechanical aspects
0
0 - thermal aspects
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0 High-voltage equipment shall only be operated and maintained by competent persons. Where
~
0 possible it shall only be accessible to such competent persons but where unrestricted access
0 is available to instrument transformers , add itional safety features may be requ ired .
+
I-
~
CJ 1 O Influence of products on the natural environment
...,.
0
The need to minimize the impact of instrument transformers during all phases of their life on
the natural environment is now recognized.

The IEC guide 109 gives guidance with regard to life cycle impacts, recycling and disposal at
c the end of life.
....,:::::i
c
:::::i The manufacturer should specify information regarding any environmen tal aspects of the
Cl)
Instrument Transformer during service life, dismantling of the equipment and disposal.

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Annex A
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Identification of test specimen

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:::>
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0 A.1 General
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0
~ The following data and drawings, as applicable, shall be subm itted by the manufacturer to the
0 testing laboratory, in respect of each test and sample (but not necessarily included in the test
0
+ report). Information to be included in the test report is given in 7 .2.1 .2.
I-
~
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...,. A.2 Data
0
manufacturer's name;
type designation, ratings and serial number of IT;
outline description of IT
c rated characteristics of fuse links and protective devices, if any,
....,:::::i
c
:::::i A.3 Drawings
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Example of drawing to be submitte d

.::::: Drawings to be s ubmitted Drawing c ontent

c
:::> (as applicable)
.Y:. Circuit diagram Type designation of pri ncipal components
c
cu
ca General layout Overall dimensions

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Enclosure (s)
Pressure-relief devices
c Conducting parts of main circu it
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c
0 Electrica l clearances to earth,
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Liquid or gas insulation type and level
Location and type designation of insulators

.::::: Detailed drawings of insulators Material

c
:::> Dimensions (including profile and c reepage distances)
.::tt. Detailed drawings of parts of the main circu it and Dimensions and materi al of principal parts
c
cu associated components
ca Details of termina ls (dimensions, primary and secon dary

-
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Electrica l diagram of auxiliary and control circu its
(i f applicable)
materials)
Type designation of all components

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Annex B
'U (informative)
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Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance

c
:::>
!'--~
0
0 B.1 General
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0
~ It is essential that the transport, storage and installation of Instrument transformers, as well
0 as their operation and ma intenance in service, be performed in accordance with instructions
0
+ given by the manufacturer.
I-
~
CJ Consequently, the manufacturer should provide on time instructions for the transport, storage,
...,. installation, operation and maintenance of Instrument transformers.
0

B.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation

A special agreement should be made between manufacturer and purchaser if the service
c
....,
:::::i conditions defined in the order, cannot be guaranteed during transport and storage. Specia l
c precautions may be essential for the protection of insulation during transport, storage and
:::::i installation, and prior to energising, to prevent moisture absorption due, for instance , to ra in,
Cl)
snow or condensation. Vibrations during transport should be considered . Appropriate

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instructions should be given.

.::::: Gas insulated instrument transformers should be filled to a pressure sufficient to maintain
c positive pressure du ring transportation . A factory filling pressure of 1,3 x 10 5 Pa abs a 20 °C
:::> is appropriate for all IEC instrument transformer temperatu re categories.
~
c
cu
ca
-
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B.3

B.3.1
Installation

General
c
0 For each type of Instrument Transformer t he installation instructions provided by the
'U
c manufacturer shou ld at least include the items listed below.
0
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.....
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B.3.2 Unpacking and lifting

Required Information for unpacking and lifting safely, including deta ils of any special lifting
.::::: and position ing devices which are necessary, should be given .
c
:::>
.::tt.
c At the arrival on site and before the final filling , the instrument transformer should be checked
cu according to the manufacturer instructions. For gas insulated instrument transformers, the gas
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
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pressure measured at ambient temperature should be above the atmospheric pressure .

B.3. 3 Assembly
c
0
'U When the Instrument transformer is not fully assembled for transport, all transport un its
c should be c learly marked . Drawings showing assembly of these parts shou ld be provided with
0
.....J the Instrument transformer.
>.
Q.
0 B.3.4 Mounting
()
'U Instructions for mounting of Instrument transformers, operating devices and auxiliary
Q)
en equ ipment should include sufficient details of locations and foundations to enable site
c
Q) preparation to be completed .
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -56-
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0 B.3 .5 Connections
()
'U Instructions should include information on:
~
0....
-c
0
u
a) connection of conductors, compris ing the necessary advice to prevent overheating and
unnecessary strain on the Instrument transformers and to provide adequate clearance
c distances;
:::> b) connection of auxiliary c ircuits;
!'--~
0 c) connection of liquid or gas systems, if any, including size and arrangement of piping;
0
C\J d) connection for earthing ;
0
~ e) type of cable to be connected at the secondary terminals: the manufacturer should
0
0 indicate a recommended cable.
+
I-
~ B.3.6 Final installation inspection
CJ
...,. Instruction should be provided for inspection and tests which shou ld be made after the
0
Instrument transformer has been installed and all connections have been completed .

These instructions should include:

c a schedule of recommended s ite tests to establ ish correct operation ;

....,:::::i procedures for carrying out any adjustment that may be necessary to obtain correct
c operation ;
:::::i
Cl)
recommendations for any relevant measurements that shou ld be made and recorded to
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help with future maintenance decisions ;
instructions for final inspection and putting into service .
.:::::
c NOTE When an optical system is used, it is important to verify its integrity and to perform functional tests
:::> during final inspection to ensure that no physical damage has occurred to the fibre during installation .
.Y:.
c
cu The results of the tests and inspection should be recorded in a commissioning report.
ca
-
.c::
:::::i
0
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Gas insulated instrument transformers should be submitted to the following final checking:

Measurement of gas pressure

c
0
'U The pressure of the gas measured at the end of filling and standard atmospheric air
c conditions (20 °C and 101,3 kPa) should be not less than the rated fil ling pressure.
0
.....J
Measurement of the Dew point
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Q)
The gas dew point at rated filling pressure shou ld not exceed -5 °C when measured at
20 °C. Adequate corrections should be applied for measurement at the other
.::::: temperatures.
c
:::> Enclosure tightness check
.::tt.
c The check should be performed with the probing method for closed pressurized systems
cu
ca as specified for the routine test (7.3.7.1). The check should be started at least one hour

-
.c::
:::::i
0
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after the filling of the transformer in order to reach a stabil ized leakage flow. The check
can be lim ited to gaskets, over pressure device, valves , terminals, manometers,
temperature sensors etc. using a suitable leak detector.
c
0
'U
c B.4 Operation
0
.....J
>. The instructions given by the manufacturer should conta in the following information:
Q.
0
() a general description of the equipment with particular attention to the technical description
'U of its characteristics and all operational features provided, so that the purchaser has an
Q)
en adequate understand ing of the main principles involved ;
c
Q) the minimum wake up current (when applicable) ;
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61869-1/FDIS © IEC -57-
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0 a description of the safety features of the equipment and their operation;
()
'U as relevant, a description of the action to be taken to man ipulate the equipment for
~ maintenance and testing.
0....
-c
0
u B.5 Maintenance
c
:::> General
!'--~
0 The effectiveness of maintenance depends mainly on the way instructions are prepared by the
0
C\J manufacturer and implemented by the purchaser
0
~
0 Recommendation for the manufacturer
0
+
I- a) The manufacturer should issue a maintenance manual including the following information:
~
CJ 1) maintenance frequency and active time;
...,.
0 2) detai led description of the maintenance work;
recommended place for the maintenance work (indoor, outdoor, in factory, on
site, ... );
procedures for inspection , diagnostic tests, examination, overhaul, check of
functionality {limits of values and tolerances, for example, optoelectrical component
c
....,:::::i operating efficiency);
c reference to drawings;
:::::i
Cl) reference to part numbers {when applicable);

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.....
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use of special equipment or tools (cleaning and degreasing agents);
precautions to be observed (e.g; cleanliness).
.:::::
c 3) Comprehensive drawings of the details of the instrument transformers important for
:::> maintenance, with clear identification (part number and description) of assemblies, sub
.Y:.
c -assemblies and significant parts.
cu
ca
-
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NOTE Expanded detailed drawings which indicate the re lati ve position of components in assemblies and
sub-assemblies are a recommended illustration method.

4) List of recommended spare-parts {description, reference number, quantities etc.) and

advice for storage.
c
0 5) Estimate of active scheduled maintenance time.
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c
0 6) How to proceed with the equipment at the end of its operating life, taking into
.....J
consideration environmental requ irements.
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b) The manufacturer should inform the users about corrective actions required by possible
systematic defects and failures where necessary.
.::::: c) Availability of spares: The manufacturer should be responsible for ensuring the continued
c
:::> availability of recommended spare parts required for maintenance for a period not less
.::tt. than 10 years from the date of the final manufacture of the instrument transformer.
c
cu
ca Recommendations for the purchaser
-
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a) If the purchaser wishes to do his own maintenance, he should ensure that his staff are
suitably qualified as well as having a detailed knowledge of the Instrument transformer.
c
0 b) The purchaser should record the following information:
'U
c
0 - the serial number and the type of the Instrument transformer;
.....J
>. the date when the Instrument transformer is put in service;
Q.
0 - the results of all measurements and tests including diagnostic tests carried out during
()
the life of the Instru ment transformer;
'U
Q)
en - dates and extent of the maintenance work carried out;
c
Q)
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61869-1/FD IS © IEC -58-
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0 the service history, includ ing records of the Instrument transformers measurement
()
during and following a special operating condition (e.g . fault and post fault operating
'U
~ state) ;
0....
-c
0
u
references to any failure report.
c) In case of fai lure and defects, the purchaser should make a failure report and shou ld
c inform the manufacturer by stating the special circumstances and measures taken .
:::> Depending upon the nature of the fai lure , an analysis of the fa ilure shou ld be made in
!'--~ collaboration with the manufacturer.
0
0 d) In case of disassembling for reinstallation in the future, the purchaser must record t he time
C\J
0 and the storage conditions .
~
0
0
+ B.6 Failure report
I-
~
CJ The purpose of the failure report is to standardize the recording of the Instrument
...,. transformers failures with the following objectives:
0

to describe the failure using a common terminology;

to provide data for the purchaser statistics;
to provide a meaningful feedback to the manufacturer;
c
....,:::::i The following gives gu idance on how to make a fa ilure report.
c
:::::i
Cl) A fai lure report should include the following whenever such data is available:

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a) Identification of the Instrument transformers which fai led: r J

.::::: - substation name; "

"
c - identification of the Instrument transformer (manufacturer, type, serial number,
:::> ratings);
.Y:.
c - Instrument transformer construction (oil or SF6 insulation , self supported or Busbar
cu supported, mechanica l coupled to a circu it breaker o r not);
ca
-
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-
-
-
Instrum ent tran sformers Technology used; (air core coil, iron core coil, optica l)
location (indoor, outdoor);
enclosure. ' /L ...._, ....__..., LI LJ LJ '-- ...__,
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c
0 b} History of the Instrument transformers:
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c - history of the storage;
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- date of commissioning of the equipment

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-
-
date of failure/defect;
date of last maintenance;
.::::: - date of the last visua l checking of the oil level indicator
c
:::> - details of any changes made to the equipment since manufacture;
.::tt.
c - condition of the Instrument transformers when the fai lure/defect was discovered (in
cu service, maintenance, etc.).
ca
-
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c) Identification
fa ilure/defect:
-
of the sub-assembly/component

high-vo ltage stressed components ;

responsi ble for the primary

c - electri cal control and auxiliary circuits;

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c - other components.
0
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>.
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- environme ntal con ditions (temperature, wind, snow, ice, pollution, lightning, etc.).
0 - gri d conditions (switching operations, failure of other equipment... )
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en e) Classificat ion of the fa ilure/defect
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0 - minor failure;
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~ f) Origin and cause of the fai lure/defect
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- origin (mechanical, electrica l, electronic, tightness if applicable);
- cause in the opinion of the person having established the report (design, manufacture,
c inadequate instructions, incorrect mounting, incorrect maintenance, stresses beyond those
:::> specified, etc.).
!'--~ g) Consequences of the fail ures or defect
0
0 - Instrument transformers down-time;
C\J
0 - time consumption for repai r;
~ - labor cost;
0
0 - spare parts cost.
+
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~
CJ A fai lure report may include the following information :
...,.
0 drawings , sketches;
photographs of defective components;
s ing le-line station diagram;
records or plots;
c
....,
:::::i reference to ma intenance manual.
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~ IEC 60038 : /EC standard voltages
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~ IEC 60121 : Recommendation for commercial annealed aluminium electrical conductor wire
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I- IEC 60255-22-1: Electrical relays - Part 22-1 : Electrical disturbance tests for measuring
~ relays and protection equipment - 1 MHz burst immunity tests
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0 IEC 60455-1: Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation

IEC 60565: Calibration of hydrophones

c IEC 60599 :1978, Interpretation of the analysis of gases in transformers and other oil-filled
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Cl) IEC 60660 : Insulators - Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material for systems with
nominal voltages greater than 1 kV up to but not including 300 kV.
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.::::: Principles, requirements and tests
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IEC 60943: Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical

IEC 61000 (all parts): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

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0 techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity tests
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IEC 61000-4-5: Electromagnetic compatibility {EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques - Surge immunity tests
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.::tt. techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity tests
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IEC 61000-4-1 O: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-10: Testing and measurement
techniques - Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity tests

c IEC 61000-4-11 : Electromagnetic compatibility {EMC) - Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
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IEC 61000-4-12: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-12: Testing and measurement
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'U IEC 61000-4-13: Electromagnetic compatibility {EMC) - Part 4-13: Testing and measurement
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en techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low
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0 IEC 61000-4-29: Electromagnetic compatibility {EMC) - Part 4-29: Testing and measurement
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techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port
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IEC 61109 + Amendment 1: Composite insulation for a.c.bv overhead lines with a nominal
voltage greater than 1000 V. Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria.
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0 25MHz
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IEC 62262 : Degree of protection IK code

IEC 62271-001: Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards

c IEC 62271-100: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 100: High-voltage alternating-
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Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics - Limits and method of measurement.

CISPR 16-1: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
.::::: methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
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