Important links of short stories and analyses of saadat hasam Manto

1.the assignment by saadat hasan manto.

http://rereadinglives.blogspot.in/2012/07/the-assignment-by-saadat-hasan-manto.html

2.toba tekh singh

3.khol do

http://ghalibana.blogspot.in/2011/03/khol-do-by-saadat-hasan-manto-shocking.html

4.the dog of tithwal

http://www.sikh-history.com/literature/stories/dog.html

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Saadat Hasan Manto

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NI
Saadat Hasan Manto
Native name ‫سعادت حسن منٹو‬

Born Saadat Hasan Manto

May 11, 1912
Samrala, Ludhiana, Punjab, British India

Died 18 January 1955 (aged 42)

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

Cause of death Multiple organ failure due to alcohol consumption

Occupation Novelist, playwright, essayist, screenwriter, short

story writer

Nationality Pakistani

Period 1934–1955

Genre Drama, nonfiction, satire, screenplays, personal

correspondence

Notable Toba Tek Singh; Thanda Gosht; Bu; Khol Do; Kaali
works
 Shalwar; Hattak

Notable Nishan-e-Imtiaz Award (Order of Excellence) in

awards
2012 (posthumous)

Relatives Ayesha Jalal

Saadat Hasan Manto (/mɑːn, -tɒ/; Urdu: ‫سعادت حسن منٹو‬, pronounced [sa'ādat 'hasan 'maṅṭō]; 11 May
1912 – 18 January 1955) was a writer, playwright and author born in British India. He produced 22
collections of short stories, a novel, five series of radio plays, three collections of essays, two
collections of personal sketches. His best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and
critics.[1] Manto was known to write about the atrocious truths that no one dared to talk about. Manto
is best known for his stories about the partition of the subcontinent immediately following
independence in 1947.[2]
Manto was tried for obscenity six times; thrice before 1947 in British India, and thrice after
independence in 1947 in Pakistan, but never convicted.[3]

Contents
[hide]

 1Writings
 2Biography
o 2.1Early life
o 2.2Early career
o 2.3Migration to Pakistan
o 2.4Life in Lahore
o 2.5Legacy
 3Charge for obscenity
 4Bibliography
 5Further reading
 6Manto's works online
 7References
 8External links

Writings[edit]
Manto chronicled the chaos that prevailed, during and after the Partition of India in 1947.[4][5] He
started his literary career translating the works of Victor Hugo, Oscar Wilde and Russian writers such
as Chekhov and Gorky. His first story was "Tamasha", based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at
Amritsar.[6] Though his earlier works, influenced by the progressive writers of his times, showed a
marked leftist and socialist leanings, his later work progressively became stark in portraying the
darkness of the human psyche, as humanist values progressively declined around the
Partition.[5][7] His final works, which grew from the social climate and his own financial struggles,
reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness and contained a satirism that
verged on dark comedy, as seen in his final work, Toba Tek Singh.[8] It not only showed the influence
of his own demons, but also that of the collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his
life. To add to it, his numerous court cases and societal rebukes deepened his cynical view of
society, from which he felt isolated.[9] No part of human existence remained untouched or taboo for
him, he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike, just as he highlighted the
subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times.[10] To many contemporary women writers, his
language portrayed reality and provided them with the dignity they long deserved.[11] He is still known
for his scathing insight into human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature
of an enraged people, that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose.[4]
At least one commentator compares Saadat Hasan Manto to D. H. Lawrence, partly because he
wrote about taboos of Indo-Pakistani Society.[12] His concerns on the socio-political issues, from local
to global are revealed in his series, Letters to Uncle Sam, and those to Pandit Nehru.[4] On his writing
he often commented, "If you find my stories dirty, the society you are living in is dirty. With my
stories, I only expose the truth".[13]

Biography[edit]
Early life[edit]
Saadat Hassan Manto was born in Paproudi village of Samrala, in the Ludhiana district of the Punjab
in a Muslim family of barristers on 11 May 1912.[14][15] His father was a judge of a local court. He was
ethnically a Kashmiri and proud of his Kashmiri roots. In a letter to Pandit Nehru he suggested that
being 'beautiful' was the second meaning of being 'Kashmiri'.[16][17]
The big turning point in his life came in 1933, at age 21, when he met Abdul Bari Alig, a scholar and
polemic writer, in Amritsar. Abdul Bari Alig encouraged him to find his true talents and read Russian
and French authors.[18]
Early career[edit]
Within a matter of months Manto produced an Urdu translation of Victor Hugo's The Last Day of a
Condemned Man, which was published by Urdu Book Stall, Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer (A
Prisoner's Story).[19] Soon afterwards he joined the editorial staff of Masawat, a daily published from
Ludhiana[20]
This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at Aligarh Muslim University, which
he joined in February 1934, and soon got associated with Indian Progressive Writers' Association
(IPWA). It was here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new spurt in his writing. His
second story, "Inqlaab Pasand", was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935.[6]

"A writer picks up his pen only when his sensibility is

“ hurt."[4]
-- Manto to a court judge ”
Saadat Hasan Manto had accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941.
This proved to be his most productive period as in the next eighteen months he published over four
collections of radio plays, Aao (Come), Manto ke Drame (Manto's Dramas), Janaze (Funerals) and
Teen Auraten (Three women). He continued to write short stories and his next short story collection
Dhuan (Smoke) was soon out followed by Manto ke Afsane and his first collection of topical essays,
Manto ke Mazamin. This period culminated with the publication of his mixed collection Afsane aur
Dramey in 1943. Meanwhile, due to a quarrel with the director of the All India Radio, poet N. M.
Rashid, he left his job and returned to Bombay in July 1942 and again started working with film
industry. He entered his best phase in screenwriting giving films like Aatth Din, Shikari,[21] Chal Chal
Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib, which was finally released in 1954.[22] Some of his short stories also
came from this phase including Kaali Shalwar (1941), Dhuan (1941) and Bu (1945), which was
published in Qaumi Jang (Bombay) in February 1945. Another highlight of his second phase in
Bombay was the publication of a collection of his stories, Chugad, which also included the story
'Babu Gopinath'.[6] He stayed in Bombay until he moved to Pakistan in January 1948 after the
partition of India in 1947.[citation needed]
Migration to Pakistan[edit]
Manto and his family were among the millions of Muslims who left present-day India for the Muslim-
majority nation of Pakistan .[23]
Life in Lahore[edit]
When Manto arrived in Lahore from Bombay, he lived near and associated with several prominent
intellectuals including Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Nasir Kazmi, Ahmad Rahi and Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi.[citation
needed]
They all used to gather at Lahore's iconic Pak Tea House, witness to some of the most fiery
literary debates and passionate political arguments back in 1948–49. Pak Tea House holds a special
place in the memories of those who know about Lahore's vibrant literary and cultural past. "There
was absolutely no external influence and people would share their opinions on any subject without
fear even during the military dictators' regimes."[24]
Legacy[edit]
On 18 January 2005, the fiftieth anniversary of his death, Manto was commemorated on a Pakistani
postage stamp.[25]
On August 14, 2012 which is Pakistan's Independence Day, Saadat Hasan Manto was
posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz award (Distinguished Service to Pakistan Award) by
the Government of Pakistan.[26]
Manto was a writer whose life story became a subject of intense discussion and
introspection.[27] During the last two decades many stage productions were done to present his
character in conflict with the harsh socio-economic realities of post partition era. Danish Iqbal's stage
Play Ek Kutte Ki Kahani presented Manto in a new perspective on occasion of his birth centenary. In
2015, film director Sarmad Sultan Khoosat made and released a movie, Manto, about his life.[28] and
upcoming film directed by Nandita Das will star Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Manto [29][30]

Charge for obscenity[edit]

Manto faced trial for obscenity in his writings in both India and Pakistan,including three times in India
before 1947 (‘Dhuan,’ ‘Bu,’ and ‘Kali Shalwar’) and three times in Pakistan after 1947 (‘KholDo,’
‘Thanda Gosht,’ and ‘Upar Neeche Darmiyaan’) under section 292 of the Indian Penal Code and
the Pakistan Penal Code in Pakistan’s early years. He was fined only in one case. Regarding the
charges of obscenity he opined “I am not a pornographer but a story writer,”[31]

Bibliography[edit]
 Atish Paray (Nuggets of Fire) – 1936
 Chugad
 Manto Ke Afsanay (Stories of Manto) – 1940
 Dhuan (Smoke) – 1941
 Afsane Aur Dramay (Fiction and Drama) – 1943
 Lazzat-e-Sang-1948 (The Taste of Rock)
 Siyah Hashiye-1948 (Black Borders)
 Badshahat Ka Khatimah (The End of Kingship) – 1950
 Khali Botlein (Empty Bottles) – 1950
 Loud Speaker (Sketches)
 Ganjey Farishtey (Sketches)
 Manto ke Mazameen
 Nimrud Ki Khudai (Nimrod The God) – 1950
 Thanda Gosht (Cold Meat) – 1950
 Yazid – 1951
 Pardey Ke Peechhey (Behind The Curtains) – 1953
 Sarak Ke Kinarey (By the Roadside) – 1953
 Baghair Unwan Ke (Without a Title) – 1954
 Baghair Ijazit (Without Permission) – 1955
 Tobha Tek Singh( "powerful satire") – 1955
 Burquey – 1955
 Phunduney (Tassles) – 1955
 Sarkandon Ke Peechhey (Behind The Reeds) – 1955
 Shaiytan (Satan) – 1955
 Shikari Auratein (Women of Prey) – 1955
 Ratti, Masha, Tolah-1956
 Kaali Shalwar (Black Pants) – 1961
 Manto Ki Behtareen Kahanian (Best Stories of Manto) – 1963 [1]
 Tahira Se Tahir (From Tahira to Tahir) – 1971

Further reading[edit]
 Manto Naama, by Jagdish Chander Wadhawan.1998, Roli Books.
 Manto Naama: The Life of Saadat Hasan Manto, English translation of the above by Jai Ratan,
1998, Roli Books.
 Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Alok Bhalla. 1997, Indian Institute of Advanced
Study. ISBN 81-85952-48-5.
 The Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto. Introduction by Leslie Flemming; trans. by Tahira
Naqvi. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Ltd., 1985.
 Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Leslie A. Flemming,
Berkeley: Centre for South and South east Asian Studies. University of California. 1979. [2]
 Madness and Partition: The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, Stephen Alter, Journal of
Comparative Poetics, No. 14, Madness and Civilization/ al-Junun wa al-Hadarah (1994), pp. 91–
100. [3]
 Bitter Fruit: The Very Best of Saadat Hassan Manto, edited and tr. by Khalid Hassan, Penguin,
2008.
 Naked Voices: Stories and Sketches by Manto, Ed. and tr. by Rakhshanda Jalil. Indian Ink &
Roli Books, 2008.
 Stars from Another Sky: The Bombay Film World of the 1940s, tr. by Khalid Hasan. Penguin
India, 2000.
 Manto: Selected Stories, tr. by Aatish Taseer. Vintage/Random House India, 2008. ISBN 81-
84001-44-4.
 The Pity of Partition: Manto’s Life, Times, and Work across the India-Pakistan Divide. Ayesha
Jalal.
 Pinglay-Plumber, Prachi (January 12, 2015). "Manto Bridge : to Manto, Bombay was about its
people". Outlook. 55 (1): 72–73. Retrieved 2016-01-06.

Manto's works online[edit]

 Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto
 Short stories of Saadat Hasan Manto
 Toba Tek Singh. Translated by Frances W. Pritchett.
 'Toba Tek Singh' in Hindi [4]
 'Thanda Gosht' (Cold Meat) in English
 A collection of short stories in Hindi
 'Mera Sahib' – Manto's writing about Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 'First Letter to Uncle Sam'
 'Second Letter to Uncle Sam'
 'Third Letter to Uncle Sam'
 'A Dog of Tithwal' in English[32]

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/en/content/saadat-hasan-manto, Saadat Hasan Manto
on Penguin Books India, Retrieved 18 March 2016
2. Jump up^ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/books/review/bombay-stories-by-saadat-hasan-
manto.html?_r=0, New York Times article titled 'Pearls of Regret '.
3. Jump up^ http://www.dawn.com/news/716126/manto-centenary-a-conversation-about-manto, Article
on Saadat Hasan Manto on Dawn, Karachi newspaper, Retrieved 18 March 2016
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d http://www.panunkashmir.org/kashmirsentinel/feb2003/14.html, Biography of
Saadat Hasan Manto on Kashmir Sentinel, Feb 2003 issue, Retrieved 18 March 2016
5. ^ Jump up to:a b http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=2401, Profile of
Saadat Hasan Manto on Boloji.com website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c Early Years, Biography of Saadat Hasan Manto by Sharad Dutt, BBC Hindi.com
website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
7. Jump up^ Digital South Asia Library Mahfil. v 1, V. 1 ( 1963) p. 12., Saadat Hasan Manto 'Biography',
Retrieved 18 March 2016
8. Jump up^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/kaleidoscope/manto-s-undivided-people-
divided-us/129280.html, Saadat Hasan Manto on India Tribune newspaper, Retrieved 18 March 2016
9. Jump up^ http://pakteahouse.net/2012/12/19/some-closing-thoughts-on-saadat-hasan-mantos-
centenary/, Saadat Hasan Manto centenary article on Pak Tea House.net website, Published 12 Dec
2012, Retrieved 18 March 2016
10. Jump
up^ https://books.google.com/books?id=9097PQAACAAJ&dq=saadat+hasan+manto+siteurdustudies
.com&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGjfrQpsvLAhULxmMKHTGtDCMQ6AEIJjAA, Saadat Hasan
Manto on Google Books.com website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
11. Jump up^ He presented women as humans Nasira Sharma, BBC Hindi, Published 10 May 2005, 18
March 2016
12. Jump up^ Rajendra Yadav quote BBC Hindi.com website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
13. Jump up^ Manto on his writing BBC Hindi.com website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
14. Jump up^ Leslie A. Flemming, Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan
Manto, Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California (1979), p. 2
15. Jump up^ Abida Samiuddin, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature, Global Vision Publishing
House (2007), p. 391
16. Jump up^ Reeck, Matt; Ahmad, Aftab (2012). Bombay Stories. Random House
India. ISBN 9788184003611. He claimed allegiance not only to his native Punjab but also to his
ancestors' home in Kashmir. While raised speaking Punjabi, he was also proud of the remnants of
Kashmiri culture that his family maintained-food customs, as well as intermarriage with families of
Kashmiri origin-and throughout his life he assigned special importance to others who had Kashmiri
roots. In a tongue-in-cheek letter addressed to Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru, he went so far as to suggest
that being beautiful was the second meaning of being Kashmiri
 17. Jump up^ Pandita, Rahul (2013). Our Moon Has Blood Clots: The Exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits.
Random House India. ISBN 9788184003901. By virtue of his disposition, temperament, features and
his spirit, Manto remains a Kashmiri Pandit.
18. Jump up^ Pakistan Post, 2005, Retrieved 12 August 2015
19. Jump up^ http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-dogtithwal/bio.html#gsc.tab=0, Saadat Hasan Manto
article on bookrags.com website, Retrieved 18 March 2016
20. Jump up^ http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/m/manto.htm Author Profile, Profile of Saadat
Hasan Manto, Retrieved 18 March 2016
21. Jump up^ "Shikari". Retrore. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
22. Jump
up^ http://www.indiaclub.com/s?defaultSearchTextValue=Search&searchKeywords=Saadat+Hasan+
Manto+&Action=submit&field_subjectbin=&field_price=&field_author-bin=&searchRank=-
product_site_launch_date&searchSize=12&searchPage=1&searchBinNameList=subjectbin%2Cprice
%2Cauthor-bin, Collection of Saadat Hasan Manto Books on India Club website, Retrieved 18 March
2016
23. Jump up^ Manto, Saadat Hasan. Ganjay Farishtay. p. 190., Retrieved 4 September 2015
24. Jump up^ http://herald.dawn.com/news/1152781, Pak Tea House,19 March 2015, Herald-Dawn
newspaper article, Retrieved 6 September 2015
25. Jump up^ Bio details, Saadat Hassan Manto (1912–1955) Men of Letters, PakPost, Retrieved 12
August 2015
26. Jump up^ http://www.dawn.com/news/742068/abida-parveen-aleem-dar-among-winners-
posthumous-awards-for-manto-mehdi-hassan, Retrieved 12 August 2015
27. Jump up^ http://www.dawn.com/news/717682/tributes-paid-to-manto, Tributes paid to Manto, Dawn
newspaper, Karachi, published 11 May 2012, Retrieved 19 Jan 2016
28. Jump up^ http://www.dawn.com/news/1205621, 'How Manto, the movie, came about', Dawn, Karachi
newspaper- published 8 Sep 2015, Retrieved 19 Jan 2016
29. Jump up^ http://www.news18.com/news/movies/manto-rasika-dugals-first-look-as-sadat-hassans-
wife-safia-revealed-1373591.html
30. Jump up^ http://www.news18.com/news/movies/manto-rejected-bigotry-and-exposed-hypocrisy-he-
is-paradoxically-relevant-in-our-times-1374749.html
31. Jump up^ Tariq Bashir (March 20, 2015). "Sentence First – Verdict Afterwards". The Friday Times.
Retrieved February 20, 2017.
32. Jump up^ http://www.sikh-history.com/literature/stories/dog.html

External links[edit]
 Manto and his stories
 Saadat Hasan Manto on IMDb, Retrieved 12 August 2015
 Remembering Manto on his 101st birth anniversary
 Manto, After Fifty years; A tribute at BBC Hindi
 Watch Video Play of Saadat Hasan Manto

Remembering Partition and

Saadat Hasan Manto
BY NA NDI NI MAJUM DAR ON 14/05/2016 • 2 COM MENTS

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104 years after his birth, Manto continues to teach us about valuing the human
above any ethical or political standpoint, through his stark Partition stories.

Saadat Hasan Manto. Credit: Twitter

Many Indians know Toba Tek Singh from their school textbooks – the poignant story set a few years after
Partition that traces the transfer of Bishan Singh and his fellow asylum inmates from Lahore to newly created
India.

2016 marks 104 years since Saadat Hasan Manto’s birth, and 61 years since he penned Toba Tek Singh. The
year has already seen renewed explorations of his work, including dramatised readings and Nandita Das’ new
film on the writer, yet to be released.
 Ao, plays by Saadat Hasan Manto. Educational Publishing House.
Toba Tek Singh is the culmination of Manto’s long literary preoccupation with partition, an event he lived
through. Manto was born on May 11, 1912, in Paproudi village in Ludhiana district, Punjab, in a family of
barristers. He began his career by reading Russian and French authors, and translating them into Urdu. As a
student at Aligarh Muslim University, he became involved with the Indian Progressive Writers’ Association,
started in England by a group of young Indian writers, with the objective of charting out a new direction for
Indian literature by urging writers to confront the realities of Indian life. With that began Manto’s flowering –
he went on to write, most famously, his partition stories, but also radio plays, essays and film scripts.

Manto’s stories are about partition – yet there is no mention of ‘Hindu,’ ‘Muslim,’ ‘India’ or ‘Pakistan’ in them.
This is what makes them so striking, and relevant, even to this day.

On the whole, there is an utter lack of contextual detail or description of personality or identity in the stories.
There is only confusion and bewilderment, action and raw detail.

In the story The Return, for instance, we are given no details about the protagonist Sirajuddin’s identity.
Instead, we are immediately thrown into the confusion and terror of a refugee camp. As the events unfold, we
continue to process them in a raw, immediate way. We are told that Sirajuddin asks a group of eight armed
young men to look for his missing daughter Sakina; we are told that they have succeeded in finding her and are
kind to her. Then the story abruptly ends. We realise, along with the unnamed doctor who had no previous
importance in the story, that the armed men have actually raped Sakina and abandoned her by a railway track.
This we realise through the single, simple yet devastating act of Sakina undoing and lowering her salwar, which
acquires as much weight as her father’s search for her.

Manto the narrator never judges his characters; he simply describes their actions. The juxtaposition of one
story and one character against another startles not because of clear binaries set up, such as that of Hindu/
Muslim, but rather because the characters react with equal vulnerability and aggression, shifting between the
roles of perpetrator and victim. In stories like The Return, and also The Assignment, The Last Salute and Bitter
Harvest, friends and neighbours turn into enemies, and victims into killers.

As we follow their actions, we lose all sense of identity and belonging, all motivation to define and blame. We
are left only with the violence of partition.

Manto describes a completely new social and psychological space in which violence and “madness” is the norm.
This is the space that belongs neither to India or Pakistan, but has been borne of the rupture of partition, and is,
simply, human.
 Toba Tek Singh, by Saadat Hasan Manto. Penguin Books
Manto’s lack of investment in any political or ethical standpoint initially may disturb. It translates into a tone
that could be read as cold and detached. But it is his detachment, his refusal to linger over any one tragic detail
over the other, which allows us to be thrown into the confusion and terror of partition. For that is perhaps what
the experience of Partition was like: raw and immediate, with little sense of the depth of time and space, with
little sense of the meaning of ‘Hindu’ or ‘Muslim,’ ‘India’ or ‘Pakistan’.

And while it serves to make Partition real, Manto’s detachment also means his stories become abstract, and
universal. What lingers after we finish reading them is the violence, and at the same time, and above all, a deep
sense of the human and the individual.

A new historiography

In Remembering Parition, Gyanendra Pandey argues that the historiography of modern India has been such
that history has been homogenised and violence, including the violence of partition, has become an aberration
and an absence.

As a counter to this mainstream nationalist history, Pandey argues for the need to pay attention to the
“fragment”. He says that “histories of partition are generally written as accounts of the political and economic
origins and causes of partition rather than histories of struggle, violence, sacrifice, loss, and the forging of new
identities, loyalties, and ambitions… And in the end, they project ‘India’ as staying firmly and naturally on its
secular, democratic, nonviolent, tolerant path. Even literary explorations of Partition, he says, represent it as a
‘natural disaster in which human actions play little part.” Here, Pandey gives the example of the earlier
nationalist writer Bankim Chandra’s sentimental mourning of the violence of Partition and simultaneous
exaltation in Mother India, Gandhi and a vision of hope and secular, democratic progress.

In what ways can a work of fiction successfully perform an ‘alternative historiography’ of the ‘fragment’? What
would such a work be like, and in what ways could fiction specifically achieve this, as a unique mode of
historiography?

And then, how could such a text avoid being just a response to mainstream nationalist discourse and be a work
of literary and artistic merit in itself? That is, how can it avoid becoming just an alternative discourse of
counter-nationalism, serving to simply record traumatic events?
 Manto’s text is, one could say, an example of an alternative, ‘fragmentary’ representation of partition.

But at the same time, that it resists any definite political position, and its detached, abstract quality in exploring
the losses of partition, without attempting to give causes and reasons – could be called problematic.

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