Name : Fitria Mentari Larastiti

NIM : P1337420215015

Grade : IIIA

Body Image Disorder in Diabetes Mellitus Patient

in the world of health, diabetes mellitus generally divided into 2 types, namely
diabetes mellitus type 1 and diabetes type 2. Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
has always posed a challenge to balance hyperglycemia control with
hypoglycemia episodes. The incidence of type 1 diabetes varies among different
countries, which reflects the roles played by genetic. Whereas, type 2 diabetes
mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been
increasing steadily all over the world. As a result of this trend, it is fast becoming
an epidemic in some countries of the world due to increase in age of population,
thereby adding to the already existing burden for healthcare providers, especially
in poorly developed countries. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is probably one of the
oldest diseases known to man. It was first reported in Egyptian manuscript about
3000 years ago. In 1936, the distinction between type 1 and type 2 DM was
clearly made. Type 2 DM was first described as a component of metabolic
syndrome in 1988. Type 2 DM (formerly known as non-insulin dependent DM) is
the most common form of DM characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance,
and relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 DM results from interaction between
genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors. Type 2 DM is due primarily to
lifestyle factors and genetics. A number of lifestyle factors are known to be
important to the development of type 2 DM. These are physical inactivity,
sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking and generous consumption of alcohol. It is
still based on the American Diabetic Association (ADA) guidelines of 1997 or
World Health Organization (WHO) National diabetic group criteria of 2006,
which is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia and weight loss. Type 2 DM is a metabolic disease that can be
prevented through lifestyle modification, diet control, and control of overweight
and obesity. Of the prevalence of diabetes, many problems that arise, one of
which is the body image disorder, due to long wounds of healing and even
amputation on the injured part of the body. Several terms are associated with body
image including weight satisfaction, appearance orientation, body schema, and
size perception accuracy among many others, which illustrate the complexity and
multidimensionality of body image. Body image is a person’s individual
perception of his/her own body and is a multidimensional dynamic process and
affected by internal factors such as age, sex, physical condition as well as external
factors including social or environmental factors. Body image disturbance is the
result of social values emphasizing vitality and physical appearence and fitness.
Limb amputation is often an inevitable procedure in the advanced condition of
various diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), It disturbs the integrity of the
human body and lowers the quality of life (QoL) due to reduced mobility, pain
and physical integrity. Because of the personal sensitivity of body image, it is
oftentimes necessary for the health care provider to introduce this issue in an
explicit, empathetic manner. Nurses should be aware of the compounding factors
thatcontribute to the patients. After atherapeutic relationship has been established,
nurseshave the opportunity and responsibility to accuratelyand sensitively assess
and educate the patient on her disease and treatment.