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Outline:-
Ø  Introduction
Ø  History
Ø  Characteristics of Biometrics
Ø  Working Principle of Biometrics
Ø  Classification of Biometrics
Ø  System Accuracy
Ø  Comparison of Various Biometrics Technology
Ø  Applications
Ø  Conclusion

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Introduction

What is biometrics?

Why biometrics?

Levels of Security

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History
Ø  The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese played a
large role in biometrics history.

Ø  Biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing

being used in china in the 14th century.

Ø  Bertillon developed a technique of multiple body

measurements .

Ø  A system called Indentimat which measured shape

of the hand and length of fingers was introduced in
1970s.

Characteristics of Biometrics
v Any human characteristic can qualify as a biometric
characteristic as long as it satisfies the following
requirements:-

Ø  Universality

Ø  Distinctiveness

Ø  Permanence

Ø  Collectability

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Working of Biometrics System

Classification of Biometrics

1.  Physiological – related to shape of the body.

Ø  Fingerprint
Ø  Facial recognisation
Ø  Hand geometry
Ø  Iris recognisation

2.  Behavioral – related to the behavior of the person.

Ø  Speaker recognisation
Ø  Signature recognisation
Ø  Gesture recognisation

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Fingerprint Recognisation
Ø  A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on
the surface of the finger.
Ø  Ridge ending, ridge bifurcation and minutiae points.
Ø  Algorithm is developed to distinguish whorl, arch & loop.

Face Recognisation
Ø  Analyze the unique shape, pattern and positioning of the
facial features.
Ø  Face recognition is non-intrusive.
Ø  There are about 80 peaks and valleys on a human face.

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Continues……
Ø  A face recognition system consists of the following
modules:-
v Sensor module.
v Face detection and feature extraction module.
v Classification module.

Ø  A face detection algorithms can be divided into three

categories according to
v Knowledge-based methods.
v Feature invariant approaches.
v Template-based methods.

Hand Geometry
Ø  Based on a number of measurements taken from the
human hand.
Ø  The technique is very simple, relatively easy to use, and
inexpensive.
Ø  The physical size of a hand geometry-based system is
large.

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Iris Recognisation
Ø  The iris of each eye of each person is absolutely unique.
This even applies to identical twins.
Ø  Have over 200 unique spots and highly accurate technology.
Ø  The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1 in
1.2 million.

Speaker Recognisation
Ø  Uses individual s voice for recognisation purposes.
Ø  Voice sample.
Ø  Depending on authentication domain
v Fixed text method.
v Text dependent.
v Text independent.

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Signature Recognisation
Ø  Measures and analyze the physical activity of signing.
Ø  Banking or finance related applications.

Multimodal Biometrics System

Ø  It utilize more than one physiological or behavioral

characteristic for enrollment, verification or
identification.

Ø  This system takes advantage of the capabilities of each

individual biometric.

Ø  It can be used to overcome some of the limitations

of a single biometrics.

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Gesture Recognisation
Ø  Use of motions to communicate.
Ø  Interact naturally without any mechanical devices.
Ø  Depth-aware cameras.
Ø  Stereo cameras.
Ø  Controller based Gestures.

System Accuracy

v  Accuracy or performance of biometric systems is

measured with three factors:-

Ø  False acceptance rate (FAR)

Ø  False rejection rate (FRR)

Ø  Equal Error Rate (EER)

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System Accuracy Curve

Misidentification Rate

Method Coded Pattern Misidentification

Rate
Iris Recognition Iris pattern 1/1,200,000
Fingerprinting Fingerprints 1/1,000

Facial Recognition Outline, shape and

distribution of eyes and 1/100
nose

1/100
Shape of letters, writing
Signature
order, pen pressure

Voice printing Voice characteristics 1/30

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Comparison of Biometrics Technology

Biometrics Univers Uniquen Perman Collectab Perform Accept Circum
ality ess ence ility ance ability vention

Fingerprint M H H M H M H

Face H L M H L H L

Hand M M M H M M M
geometry
Iris H H H M H L H

Voice M L L M L H L

Signature L L L H L H H

Applications
1.  Eye-gazed System:-

Ø  The Eye gaze Edge uses the pupil-center/corneal-reflection method to

determine where the user is looking on the screen.

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Portable Eye gaze System Mounted on Wheelchair

2. Television Controlled by Hand Gestures:-

Ø  Canesta 3D sensor

Ø  CMOS Chip Technology

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3. Mimi Switch:-

Ø  It uses infrared sensors.

Ø  It stores and even interpret data.

Ø  Can be used as a safety measure.

4. Controller Free Gaming:-

Ø  Project Natal is the name for a controller free Gaming.

Ø  Using gestures and spoken commands.

Ø  Depth Sensor.

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Conclusion

Ø  Biometrics is an emerging area with many opportunities

for growth.

Ø  Not to remember passwords.

Ø  User friendliness.

Ø  A new way to interact with devices.

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References
1.  A. Jain et al: BIOMETRICS: Personal Identification in Networked
Society , Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN0-7923-8345-1.

2.  S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, Biometric Recognition:

Security and Privacy Concerns , IEEE Security and Privacy
Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 33-42, 2003.

3.  http:// www.biometrics.org/

4.  http://www.biometricsconsotorium.com

5.  http://www.howstufworks.com

6.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCEyHiLxuC8

THANK YOU

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