NOTES AND FORMULAE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5

1. PROGRESSIONS (iii)
(a) Arithmetic Progression b c c

Tn = a + (n – 1)d f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx f ( x )dx
n
a b a
Sn = [2 a ( n 1) d] (d) Area under a curve
n
= [ a Tn ] AC AB BC
2
(b) Geometric Progression (b) A, B and C are collinear if
n–1
Tn = ar AB BC where is a constant.

Sn a (1 rn ) AB and PQ are parallel if

1 r b b
PQ AB where is a constant.
Sum to infinity
a A = ydx A = xdy
(c) Subtraction of Two Vectors
S a a
1 r
(c) General (e) Volume of Revolution
Tn = S n − S n – 1
T1 = a = S 1

2. INTEGRATION
xn 1 AB OB OA
(a) x dx
n c n1 (d) Vectors in the Cartesian Plane
( ax b)n 1
(b) ( ax b )n dx c
(n 1)a b b
(c) Rules of Integration: 2 2
b b Vy dx Vx dy
(i) nf ( x ) dx n f ( x )dx a a

a a
3. VECTORS
a b OA
(ii) f ( x ) dxf ( x )dx (a) Triangle Law of Vector Addition

b a xi

yj

Magnitude of

OA OA x 2 y2
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 Unit vector in the direction of OA (g) Double Angle Formulae
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos
rˆ r xi yj 2
2A = cos A – sin A
2

= 2cos2 A – 1
r x2 y 2
= 1 – 2sin2 A
4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 2 tan A
tan 2A =
(iii) y = tan x 1 tan2 A
(a) Sign of trigonometric functions in the
four quadrants. 5. PROBABILITY
(a) Probability of Event A
n ( A)
Acronym: P(A) =
“Add Sugar To Coffee” n(S)
(b) Probability of Complementary
Event P(A ) = 1 – P(A)
(iv) y = a sin nx (c) Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events
(b) Definition and Relation
P(A or B) = P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
sec x = 1 cosec x = 1
cos sin x (d) Probability of Independent Events
x P(A and B) = P(A B) = P(A) × P(B)
cot x = 1 tan x = sin x
6. PROBABILTY DISTRIBUTION
tan x cos x
(a) Binomial Distribution
a = amplitude n r n
(c) Supplementary Angles P(X = r) = C r p q
o n = number of cycles r
sin (90 − x) = cos x cot (e) Basic Identities n = number of trials
o
(90 – x) = tan x (i) sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 p = probability of
(ii) 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x success q = probability
(d) Graphs of Trigonometric Function
(iii) 1 + cot2 x = cosec2 x of failure Mean = np
(i) y = sin x
Standard deviation = npq
(f) Addition Formulae
(i) sin (A B) (b) Normal Distribution
= sin A cos B cos A sin B
(ii) cos (A B) X
Z=
= cos A cos B sin A sin B
tan Z = Standard Score
(ii) y = cos x (iii) tan (A B) =
X = Normal Score
A tan B = mean = standard deviation
1 tan A tan B

Prepared by Mr. Sim Kwang Yaw 2

 (b) Condition and Implication:
(a) Normal Distribution Graph Condition Implication
Returns to O s=0
To the left of O s<0
To the right of O s>0
Maximum/Minimum ds
=0
displacement dt
Initial velocity v when t = 0
Uniform velocity a=0
Moves to the left v<0
Moves to the right v>0
Stops/change v=0
direction of motion
P(Z < k) = 1 – P(Z > P(Z < -k) = P(Z > k) Maximum/Minimum dv
=0
k)
velocity dt
Initial acceleration a when t = 0
Increasing speed a>0
Decreasing speed a<0

P(Z > -k) = 1 – P(Z < - P(a < Z < b)

(c) Total Distance Travelled in the Period
k) = 1 – P(Z > k) = P(Z > a) – P(Z > b) 0 ≤ t ≤ b Second
(i) If the particle does not stop in
the period of 0 ≤ t ≤ b seconds
Total distance travelled
= displacement at t = b second
(ii) If the particle stops in t = a second
P(-b < Z < -a) = P(a < P(- b < Z < a) when t = a is in the interval of 0 ≤ t
Z < b) = P(Z > a) – = 1 – P(z > b) – P(Z > ≤ b second,
P(Z > b) a) Total distance travelled in b second
= Sa S0 S b Sa
7. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE
(a) Relation Between Displacement,
Velocity and Acceleration

vdt adt

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