Structure of The Atom

Duration-90 min Full marks-40

1. Answer the following. (1x5=5)
(i) An atom has mass number 14 and 8 neutrons in its nucleus. The atom is an isotope of
(a) carbon (b) nitrogen (c) oxygen (d) silicon
(ii) An element has mass number 31 and atomic number 15. The number of electrons, protons
and neutrons in it are respectively
(a) 15, 16, 15 (b) 16, 15, 15
(c) 15, 15, 16 (d) 31, 15, 15
40
(iii) 40 Ca and Ar are the atoms of calcium and argon. How are they related to one another?
20 18
(iv) An electron has 6 protons in its nucleus. What is the atomic number of the element?
(v) Rutherford’s experiment of scattering of particles showed for the first time that an atom has:
(a) neutrons (b) protons (c) electrons (d) nucleus
2. Bromine exist into two isotopes one having Br (49.7%) atomic number 35 and mass number 79
and the other Br (50.3%) having atomic number 35 and mass number 81. Calculate the average (2)
atomic mass of bromine atom.
3. How many electrons, protons and neutrons will be there in an element 19 X ? What will be the
9 (2)
valency of the element?
4. What is the number of valence electrons in (i) sodium ion (Na+) (ii) oxide ion (O2–) (Atomic
(2)
number of Na = 11; O = 8).
5. State two main postulates of Thomson's model of an atom. (2)
4. Define valency of an element. Find the valenc of chlorine and magnesium (Atomic No. of
(3)
Chlorine = 17, Magnesium = 12).
6. In the following table the mass number and the atomic number of certain elements are given.
(a) Select a pair of isobars from the above Elements A B C D E
table. Mass No 1 7 14 40 40
(b) What would be the valency of element C
listed in the above table? At. No 1 3 7 18 20 (3)
(c) Which two subatomic particles are equal in
number in a neutral atom?
7. What are the important properties of the neutron?Compare these properties with those of the
electron and proton. (3)
8. Define : (i) Atomicity (ii) Valency (iii) Molecule (3)
9. How are electrons distributed in different orbits? (3)
10. (a) Explain why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his alpha scattering experiments?
(b) What observations in a scattering experiment led Rutherford to make the following observations:
(i) Most of the space in side the atom is empty. (ii) Nucleus is positively charged.
(4)
(c) Mention any two drawbacks of Rutherford's model.
11. (i) Draw a sketch of Bohr's model of an atom with three shells.
(4)
(ii) State the rules followed for writing the number of electrons in different energy shells.

12. (i) Why are anode rays called canal rays ?

(ii) Write down the electronic configuration of sulphur (Atomic no 16).
(iii) The atomic mass of an element X is 16.2 u.What are the percentages of isotope X (4)
having atomic number 8 and mass numbers 16 and 18.