재료구조론

Lecture No. 4
Stereographic Projection

Chapter 14: The stereographic projection and its uses (Hammond)

Prof. Ki-Bum, Kim

2013. Spring
Stereographic Projection

 One method for representing 3-D space as a 2-D drawing.

 Providing an alternative way for performing crystallographic calculations to
analytical algebra and is useful in visualizing the interrelationship between
various crystal planes and directions.

A.D. 2: originated by the Alexandrian astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy

Used it to represent the stars on the heavenly sphere

The work comes down to us in a sixteenth-century Latin translation from an

Arabic commentary entitled The Planispherium.

The stereographic projection was first applied to crystallography in the work of

F.E. Neumann and was further developed by W.H. Miller.
Stereographic Projection

Plane Representations:
A. Planes be represented by a set of plane normals radiating from some one
point within the crystal  Poles (representing plane)
001

_
100

_
010 010

100
{100} poles of a cubic crystal

_
001
Stereographic Projection

B. Planes be represented by the trace which the extended plane makes in the
surface of the sphere
When the plane passes through the center of the
sphere
 will intersect the sphere in a great circle
When the plane not passing through the center of the
sphere
 will intersect the sphere in a small circle

Angle between two planes

The angle between two planes :
1) the angle between their great circles
2) the angle between their normals
Equiangular Stereographic Projection

 A lattice plane in a crystal

a. The plane C is represented by its
normal CP.
b. The normal CP is represented by its
pole P.
c. The pole P is represented by its
projection P’.

The stereographic projection

Great circle and small circle

 Great circle
project as circular arcs, or as straight lines
through the center of the projection
 Small circle
project as circles, but their projected center
does not coincide with their center on the
projection

Stereographic projection of
great and small circles
Standard projection (cubic)

 001, 011, 111 type 외

standard projection
을 그리고 [112]
direction 이 나타나
는 point 만 구하라.

Standard (001) projection of a

cubic crystal. (From Structure of
Metals, by C. S. Barrett, McGraw-
Hill Book Company, Inc., 1952)
Wulff net

 Latitude lines
small circles extending from
side to side
 Longitude line
great circles connecting the
north and south poles of the net

Wulff net drawn to 2° intervals

Angle between two planes

 Measurement of the angle

between two crystal planes
 if, and only if, the
projected poles lie on a
great circle.

Stereographic projection
superimposed on Wulff net for
measurement of angle between poles
Trace of a plane

 Finding out the trace of a

plane Fig 2-32 method ~~

 every point on this great

circle is 90° from the pole
of the plane.

Method of finding the trace of a pole

Rotation of poles around axes

1. Rotation about an axes normal to the projection

2. Rotation about an axes lying in the plane of projection
a. rotating the axes to
coincide with the N-S axis
b. moving the poles along their
respective latitude circles
Fig 2-34 rotation ~~

Rotation of poles about NS axis of projection

Rotation of poles around axes (cont.)

3. Rotation about an axis inclined to the plane of projection

 Example) Rotate the pole A

around the pole B to 40°.
1) Move the pole B to the
center : 48° (A1A2)
2) Rotate 40°

3) Move the pole B back to

original position
Standard projection (cubic)

 001, 011, 111 type 외

standard projection
을 그리고 [112]
direction 이 나타나
는 point 만 구하라.

Standard (001) projection of a

cubic crystal. (From Structure of
Metals, by C. S. Barrett, McGraw-
Hill Book Company, Inc., 1952)
Stereographic Projection(100)
Stereographic Projection (111)
Stereographic Projection (110)
Standard projection (hexagonal)

Standard (0001) projection for zinc

(hexagonal, c/a=1.86). (From Structure
of Metals, by C. S. Barrett, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, Inc., 1952)
Question

 Ques. 1. Which direction are  Ques. 2. Which (110) planes

lie on the (111) plane? lie on [001] zone axis?
_ _
100 100
_ _
__ 110 __ 110
110 110

_ _
010 001 010 010 001 010

111 111
_ _
110 110 110 110

100 100