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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication
2014-1

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
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Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
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email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
 GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2014-1

General Aptitude

Q.-1-Q.-5 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 Choose the most appropriate phrase from the options given below to complete
the following sentence.
The aircraft _____ take off as soon as its flight plan was filed.
(A) is allowed to (B) will be allowed to

n
(C) was allowed to (D) has been allowed to
Sol. 1 Correct option is (C).
. i
Q. 2

c o
Read the statements: All women are entrepreneurs. Some women are doctors.

.
Which of the following conclusions can be logically inferred from the above

a
i
statements ?

d
(A) All women are doctors

o
(B) All doctors are entrepreneurs

.n
(C) All entrepreneurs are women
(D) Some entrepreneurs are doctors
Sol. 2
w
Correct option is (D).
Q. 3
w
Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete

w
the following sentence.

©
Many ancient cultures attributed disease to supernatural causes. However, modern
science has largely helped______such notions.
(A) impel (B) dispel
(C) propel (D) repel
Sol. 3 Correct option is (B).
Q. 4 The statistics of runs scored in a series by four batsmen are provided in the
following table. Who is the most consistent batsman of these four ?
Batsman Average Standard deviation
K 31.2 5.21
L 46.0 6.35
M 54.4 6.22
N 17.9 5.90
(A) K (B) L
(C) M (D) N
Sol. 4 Correct option is (A).
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Q. 5 What is the next number in the series ?

12 35 81 173 357 ___
Sol. 5 Correct answer is (725).

Q.-6 - Q.-10 Carry two mark each.

Q. 6 Find the odd one from the following group :
W, E, K, O I, Q, W, A F, N, T, X N, V, B, D
(A) W, E, K, O (B) I, Q, W, A
(C) F, N, T, X (D) N, V, B, D
Sol. 6 Correct option is (D).
Q. 7 For submitting tax returns, all resident males with annual income below Rs 10

in
lakh should fill up Form P and all resident females with income below Rs 8 lakh

.
should fill up Form Q. All people with incomes above Rs 10 lakh should fill up

co
Form R, except non residents with income above Rs 15 lakhs, who should fill up

.
Form S. All others should fill Form T. An example of a person who should fill

a
Form T is

i
(A) a resident male with annual income Rs 9 lakh

d
(B) a resident female with annual income Rs 9 lakh

o
(C) a non-resident male with annual income Rs 16 lakh

n
.
(D) a non-resident female with annual income Rs 16 lakh

w
Sol. 7 Correct option is (B).

w
Q. 8 A train that is 280 metres long, travelling at a uniform speed, crosses a

w
platform in 60 seconds and passes a man standing on the platform in 20
seconds. What is the length of the platform in metres ?

©
Correct answer is (560).
Sol. 8

Q. 9 The exports and imports (in crores of Rs.) of a country from 2000 to 2007
are given in the following bar chart. If the trade deficit is defined as excess of
imports over exports, in which year is the trade deficit 1/5th of the exports ?

(A) 2005 (B) 2004

(C) 2007 (D) 2006
Sol. 9 Correct option is (D).
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Q. 10 You are given three coins: one has heads on both faces, the second has tails on
both faces, and the third has a head on one face and a tail on the other. You
choose a coin at random and toss it, and it comes up heads. The probability
that the other face is tails is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3
(C) 1/2 (D) 2/3
Sol. 10 Correct option is (B).

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

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i a
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©
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Electronics and Communication

Q.-1 - Q.-25 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 For matrices of same dimension M , N and scalar c , which one of these
properties DOES NOT ALWAYS hold ?
(A) ^M T hT = M (B) ^cM hT = c ^M hT
(C) ^M + N hT = MT + NT (D) MN = NM
Sol. 1 Correct option is (D).
Let the matrices
m1 m 2
M =>
m 3 m 4H

in
n1 n 2
N =>
n 3 n 4H
.
co
Now, we check the given properties in options for the two matrices.

.
Option (A) :

a
m1 m 2 T m1 m 3

i
MT = > H =>
m3 m4 m2 m 4H

So,
o d T m1 m 3 T m1 m 2
^MT h = >m m H = >m m H

n
2 4 3 4

. =M

w
i.e. property holds always

w
Option (B) :
m1 m 2 Cm1 Cm2

w
CM = C >
m 3 m 4H >Cm 3 Cm 4H
=
Option (C) :

© M+N =>
m1 m 2
m3 m4 H +>
n1 n 2
n 3 n 4H
m1 + n1 m 2 + n 2
=>
m 3 + n 3 m 4 + n 4H
m1 m 2 T n1 n 2 T
M +N =>
m 3 m 4H
+>
n 3 n 4H
T T

m1 m 3 n1 n 3
=> H +>
m2 m 4 n2 n 4H
m1 + n1 m 3 + n 3
=>
m2 + n2 m 4 + n 4H
= ^M + N hT
i.e. the property holds always.
m1 m 2 n1 n 2
MN = >
m 3 m 4H>n 3 n 4H
Option (D) :
m1 n1 + m 2 n 3 m1 n 2 + m 2 n 4
=>
m 3 n1 + m 4 n 3 m 3 n2 + m 4 n 4H
n1 n 2 m1 m 2
NM = >
n 3 n 4H>m 3 m 4H
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

n1 m1 + n 2 m 3 n1 m 2 + n 2 m 4
=>
n 3 m1 + n 4 m 3 n 3 m2 + n 4 m 4H
MN ! NM
i.e. property does not hold always.
Q. 2 In a housing society, half of the families have a single child per family, while the
remaining half have two children per family. The probability that a child picked
at random, has a sibling is _____
Sol. 2 Correct answer is 0.67
Let one child family = x
So, Two children family = x
Therefore, the total number of children in the society is
x + 2x = 3x
The number of children having sibling is 2x .
Thus, the probability that a child picked at random, has a sibling is

in
P = 2x

.
3x

co
= 2 = 0.67
3

.
Q. 3 C is a closed path in the z -plane by z = 3 . The value of the integral

a
2
#C c z -z +z +2j 4j mdz is
(A) - 4p ^1 + j2h
d i (B) 4p ^3 - j2h
(C) - 4p ^3 + j2h
o (D) 4p ^1 - j2h
Sol. 3

.n
Correct option is (C).

w
Given the closed path,

w
z =3

w
z2 - z + 4j
Integral, f ^z h =
z + 2j

©
So, we have the singularity
z + 2j = 0
or z =- 2j
Since, z =- 2j lies inside z = 3 . Therefore, using cauchy’s integral, we get
2
# z -z +z +2j 4j = 2pj6Sum of residue of z =- 2j @
= 2pj 9 lim ^z2 - z + 4j hC
z "- 2j

= 2pj 8^- 2j h2 - ^- 2j h + 4j B
= 2pj 6- 4 + 2j + 4j @
=- 4p ^3 + j2h
Q. 4 A real ^4 # 4h matrix A satisfies the equation A2 = I , where I is the ^4 # 4h
identity matrix. The positive eigen value of A is _____.
Sol. 4 Correct answer is 1
Given
A2 = I
where A is a real ^4 # 4h matrix.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

So, we have
A = A-1
Let l be an eigen value of A. So 1/l will be an eigen value of A-1 . Since, the
matrices A and A-1 are equal, therefore
l =1
l
l 2 = 1; l = ! 1
Hence, the positive eigen value is
l =1
Q. 5 Let X1 , X2 , and X 3 be independent and identically distributed random variables
with the uniform distribution on 60, 1@. The probability P {X1 is the largest} is
_

in
Sol. 5 Correct answer is 0.33.

.
Given that three random variables X1 , X2 , and X 3 are uniformly distributed on
60, 1@. So, we have following possible values

co
X1 > X 2 > X 3

.
X1 > X 3 > X 2

a
i
X 2 > X1 > X 3

o d X 2 > X 3 > X1
X 3 > X1 > X 2

. n X 3 > X 2 > X1

w
Since, all the three variables are identical, the probabilities for all the above
inequalities are same. Hence, the probability that X1 is the largest is the largest is

w P "X1 is the largest, = 2 = 1 = 0.33

w
6 3
Q. 6 For maximum power transfer between two cascaded sections of an electrical

©
network, the relationship between the output impedance Z1 of the first section
to the input impedance Z2 of the second section is
(A) Z2 = Z1 (B) Z2 =- Z1
*
(C) Z2 = Z 1 (D) Z2 =- Z 1*
Sol. 6 Correct option is (C).
Consider the cascaded network shown below

Since, the output impedance of system 1 is Z1 and input impedance of system 2

is Z2 . So, we have the equivalent circuit is

Now, we consider a circuit with internal impedance Zin and load impedance ZL
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

For maximum power transfer, the condition is

Z in* = Z2
Comparing this condition to cascaded system, we have the required condition for
maximum power transfer as
Z 1* = Z2
Q. 7 Consider the configuration shown in the figure which is a portion of a larger
electrical network

. in
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i a
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For R = 1 W and currents i1 = 2 A , i 4 =- 1 A , i5 =- 4 A , which one of the

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following is TRUE ?
(A) i 6 = 5 A

w
(B) i 3 =- 4 A

w
(C) Data is sufficient to conclude that the supposed currents are impossible
(D) Data is insufficient to identify the currents i2 , i 3 , and i 6
Sol. 7
w
Correct option is (A).

©
We redraw the electrical network as

From the circuit, we have

i 2 = i 4 + i1
=- 1 + 2
= 1A
i3 = i5 + i2
=- 4 + 1
=- 3 A
i 6 = i1 - i 3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

= 2 - ^- 3h
= 5A
Q. 8 When the optical power incident on a photodiode is 10 mW and the responsivity
is 0.8 A/W , the photocurrent generated (in mA ) is _____.
Sol. 8 Correct answer is 8.
The responsivity is define as
R = IP
P
where IP is photocurrent, and P is optical power incident on photodiode. Hence,
IP = PR
= ^10 mWh^0.8 A/Wh
= 10 # 10-6 # 0.8
= 8 # 10-6 A
= 8 mA
Q. 9

. in
In the figure, assume that the forward voltage drops of the PN diode D1 and

co
Schottky diode D2 are 0.7 V and 0.3 V , respectively. If ON denotes conducting
state of the diode and OFF denotes non-conducting state of the diode, then in

.
the circuit,

i a
o d
. n
w
(A) both D1 and D2 are ON (B) D1 is ON and D2 is OFF

w
(C) both D1 and D2 are OFF (D) D1 is OFF and D2 is ON
Sol. 9
w
Correct option is (D).

©
Given the diode circuit

Given the forward voltage drops for the two diodes as

VD1 = 0.7 V
VD2 = 0.3 V
Now, we consider the following cases :
Case I : D1 and D2 both are OFF.
For this case, the equivalent circuit is

From the circuit, we have

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

V1 = V2 = 10 V
i.e. V1 > VD1
V2 > VD2
Therefore, the assumption is wrong and both (or one of them) must be ON.
Case II : D1 is ON, D2 is OFF
For this case, the equivalent circuit becomes

From the circuit, we have

V1 = VD1 = 0.7 V
V2 = 0.7 V

in
Since, V2 > VD2

.
Therefore, the assumption is wrong and diode D2 must be ON.

co
Case III : D1 is OFF, D2 is ON

.
For this case, the equivalent circuit becomes

i a
o d
.n
w
From the circuit, we have

w
V2 = 0.3 V

w
and V1 10 - b 10 - 0.3 l # 1
1.02

©
= 10 - 9.7
1.02
= 0.49
So, we get V1 < VD1
i.e. diode D1 remains OFF, and hence the assumption is correct.
Thus, diode D1 is OFF and D2 is ON.

Alternate Method
Alternatively, we can solve the problem by considering the current through two
diodes. Here, the correct case is only considered.
Case : Diode D1 is OFF, D2 is ON. For this case. The equivalent circuit is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

From the circuit, we have

I1 = 0
I2 = 10 - 0.3
1.02
= 7 9 .
1.02
= 9.5 mA
Since, the current I2 is positive, So our assumption is correct.
Q. 10 If fixed positive charges are present in the gate oxide of an n-channel
enhancement type MOSFET, it will lead to
(A) a decrease in the threshold voltage
(B) channel length modulation
(C) an increase in substrate leakage current

in
(D) an increase in accumulation capacitance
Sol. 10 Correct option is (A).
.
co
If fixed positive charges are present is the gate oxide of an n -channel enhancement

.
type MOSFET, it will lead to a decrease in the threshold voltage.

i a
Q. 11 A good current buffer has

d
(A) low input impedance and low output impedance

o
(B) low input impedance and high output impedance

n
(C) high input impedance and low output impedance

.
(D) high input impedance and high output impedance
Sol. 11
w
Correct option is (B).

w
An ideal current buffer must have the zero input impedance and infinite output

w
impedance, i.e.
Zin = 0

©
Zo = 3
Hence, a good current buffer has low input impedance and high output impedance.
Q. 12 In the ac equivalent circuit shown in the figure, if iin is the input current and
RF is very larger, the type of feedback is

(A) voltage-voltage feedback (B) voltage-current feedback

(C) current-voltage feedback (D) current-current feedback
Sol. 12 Correct option is (B).
Given the AC equivalent circuit
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

From the circuit, we observe that output is Vout (Voltage). Feedback is current
through resistance RF , which is added to input current iin . Thus, the configuration
is voltage-current feedback.
Q. 13 In the low-pass filter shown in the figure, for a cut-off frequency of 5 kHz , the
value of R2 (in kW ) is _____.

. in
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i a
o d
.n
Correct answer is 3.18.

w
Sol. 13

Given the low pass filter,

w
w
©
The voltage gain for the op-amp circuit is obtained as
Vo - 0 = Vi - 0
R2 R1
1 + jwCR2
Vo = R2
Vi R1 ^1 + jwCR2h
Hence, the cutoff frequency for the filter is obtained as
wc = 1
CR2
2pfc = 1
CR2
fc = 1 = 1 ...(1)
2pCR2 2p # 10-8 # R2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Hence, the cutoff frequency for the filter is obtained as

wc = 1
CR2
2pfc = 1
CR2
fc = 1 = 1 ...(1)
2pCR2 2p # 10-8 # R2
Since, we have the cut off frequency,
fc = 5 kHz = 5 # 103 Hz
Substituting it in equation (1), we get
5 # 103 = 1
2p # 10-8 R2
R2 = 1
5 # 103 # 2p # 10-8

in
Q. 14 In the following circuit employing pass transistor logic, all NMOS transistors

.
are identical with a threshold voltage of 1 V . Ignoring the body-effect, the

co
output voltages at P , Q and R are,

a .
d i
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.
(A) 4 V , 3 V , 2 V (B) 5 V , 5 V , 5 V

w
(C) 4 V , 4 V , 4 V (D) 5 V , 4 V , 3 V

w
Sol. 14 Correct option is (C).
The Boolean expression ^X + Y h^X + Y h + ^XY h + X simplifies to

w
Q. 15
(A) X (B) Y

©
(C) XY (D) X + Y
Sol. 15 Correct option is (C).
Given the Boolean expression
f = ^X + Y h^X + Y h + ^XY h + X
We simplify the expression as
f = ^X + Y h^X + Y h + XY X
= ^X + Y h^X + Y h + ^X + Y h X "AB = A + B ,
= ^X + Y h^X + Y h + XY "XX = 0,
= ^X + 0 + XY + XY h + XY
=X "A + AB = A,
Q. 16 Five JK flip-flops are cascaded to form the circuit shown in Figure. Clock
pulses at a frequency of 1 MHz are applied as shown. The frequency (in kHz) of
the waveform at Q3 is______
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Sol. 16 Correct answer is 62.5.

Given the cascaded flip-flops

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We observe that the circuit is a ripple counter or asynchronous counter. So, we

.
have the output of the cascaded flip-flops as

i a
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w
w
©
So, the waveform at Q 3 changes its state after 2 4 = 16 clock pulses. Hence, the
frequency of waveform at Q 3 is given as
f
f 3 = clock
16
= 1 MHz = 1000 kHz
16 16
= 62.5 kHz
Q. 17 A discrete time signal x 6n@ = sin ^p2 n h, n being an integer, is
(A) periodic with period p (B) periodic with period p2
(C) periodic with period p/2 (D) not periodic
Sol. 17 Correct option is (D).
Given the discrete time signal,
x 6n@ = sin ^p2 n h
Let N be the period of the signal, then we have
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

x 6n@ = x 6n + N @
or sin ^p2 n h = sin 6p2 n + p2 n@
or sin ^p2 n + 2pk h = sin ^p2 n + p2 N h
Where K is an integer. So, we get
2pk = p2 N
or N = 2p2k
p
For any integer value of k , we cannot have an integer value of N . Thus, the given
signal is not periodic.

Alternate Method
In the given options (A), (B) and (C), we have the periods respectively as
N1 = p

in
N 2 = p2

.
N 3 = p/3

co
None of the above period is an integer. Since, a discrete time signal has its period
an integer. So, all the three options are incorrect. Hence, we are left with the

.
option (D). i.e. the discrete time signal x 6n@ = sin ^p2 n h is not periodic.

a
Q. 18

d i
Consider two real valued signals, x ^ t h band-limited to 6- 500 Hz, 500 Hz@ and
y ^ t h band-limited to 6- 1 kHz, 1 kHz@. For z ^ t h = x ^ t h y ^ t h, the Nyquist sampling
frequency (in kHz) is ____.

n o
.
Sol. 18 Correct answer is 3.
Given that the two signals x ^ t h and y ^ t h are bandlimited to the frequencies given
as
w
w - 500 # fx # 500 Hz or - 0.5 # fx # 0.5 kHz

w - 1 # fy # 1 kHz

©
So, we sketch the corresponding waveforms as

Hence, we have the waveform for the signal

z^t h = x^t hy^t h
given as

Thus, the signal z ^ t h is band limited to 6- 1.5 kHz, 1.5 kHz@

Therefore, the maximum signal frequency for z ^ t h is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

fm = 1.5 kHz
Hence, the nyquist sampling frequency for z ^ t h is
fs = 2fm
= 2 # 1.5
= 3 kHz
Q. 19 A continuous, linear time-invariant filter has an impulse response h ^ t h described
by
3 for 0 # t # 3
h^t h = )
0 otherwise
When a constant input of values 5 is applied to this filter, the steady state output
is_____.
Sol. 19 Correct answer is 45.
Given the impulse response of LTI filter,
3 for 0 # t # 3
h^t h = )
0 otherwise
and the input to the filter,

in
x ^ t h = 5 for all t

.
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So, we obtain the output of the filter as
y ^x h = x ^ t h * h ^ t h

a
# . 3
x ^t h h ^t - t h dt

di
=
-3

= # x ^t - t h h ^t h dt
3

no
-3
3
#
.
= 5 # 3dt for all t
0

w
= 15 6t@30 for all t
= 15 ^3 - 0h
w
for all t

w
= 45 for all t
Thus, the steady state value of output is

©
lim y ^ t h = 45
t"3

Q. 20 The forward path transfer function of a unity negative feedback system is given
by
G ^s h = K
^s + 2h^s - 1h
The value of K which will place both the poles of the closed-loop system at the
same location, is ______.
Sol. 20 Correct answer is 2.25.
Given the forward path transfer function,
G ^s h = K
^s + 2h^s - 1h
Since, we have unity negative feedback system, i.e.
H ^s h = 1
So, the closed loop transfer function of the system is
G ^s h
T ^s h =
1 + G ^s h H ^s h
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

K
^s + 2h^s - 1h
=
1+ K
^s + 2h^s - 1h
= K
^s + 2h^s - 1h + K
= 2 K
s +s-2+K
Therefore, the poles of the system are obtained as
s2 + s - 2 + K = 0
- 1 ! 1 - 4 ^- 2 + K h
or s =
2
For the poles of closed loop system to be at same location, we must have
1 - 4 ^- 2 + K h = 0
1 + 8 - 4K = 0

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K = 9 = 2.25
4
Q. 21

a .
Consider the feedback system shown in the figure. The Nyquist plot of G ^s h is

i
also shown. Which one of the following conclusions is correct ?

o d
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w
w
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(A) G ^s h is an all pass filter

©
(B) G ^s h is a strictly proper transfer function
(C) G ^s h is a stable and minimum phase transfer function
(D) The closed-loop system is unstable for sufficiently large and positive k
Sol. 21 Correct option is (D)
Given the feedback system

and the Nyquist plot of G ^s h is

For the given system, we have the open loop transfer function as
G1 ^s h = KG ^s h
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Considering the open loop system G ^s h is stable, we have no open loop poles in
right half plane
i.e. P =0
From Nyquist theorem, we know that
N = P-Z
Where N is the number of encirclements of ^- 1 + j0h, P is number of open loop
poles in right half plane, Z is number of closed loop poles in right half plane. For
stability, we must have
Z =0
Thus, we get N = 0, if closed loop system is stable
N ! 0, if closed loop system is unstable
observing the Nyquist plot, we conclude that the plot of KG ^s h encircles ^- 1 + j0h
, if
K >1 (sufficiently large)
Hence, N ! 0 for sufficient large and positive value of K . Thus, the closed-
system is unstable for sufficiently large and positive K .

in
Q. 22 In a code-division multiple access (CDMA) system with N = 8 chips, the

.
maximum number of users who can be assigned mutually orthogonal signature

co
sequences is____.

.
Sol. 22 Correct answer is 8.

a
The upper limit of the total number of user supported simultaneously is given by

d i
spreading factor. We defined the spreading factor as
Chiprate

o
Spreading factor =
Symbol rate

.n
N Symbol rate
= #
Symbol rate

w =N=8

w
i.e. the maximum number of uses. who can be assigned mutually orthogonal

w
signature sequence is 8.
The capacity of a Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) with cross-over probability

©
Q. 23
0.5 is _____.
Sol. 23 Correct answer is 0.
Given the binary symmetric channel (BSC) with crossover probability 0.5. So,
we have
p = 0.5
so, the entropy is given as
H ^p h = Sp log 2 1
p

= 0.5 log 2 1 + 0.5 log 2 1

0.5 0.5
= 0.5 + 0.5
=1
Hence, the capacity of channel is
1 - H ^p h = 1 - 1
=0
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

s11 s12
A two-port network has scattering parameters given by 6S @ = >
s21 s22H
Q. 24 . If the
port-2 of the two port is short circuited, the s11 parameter for the resultant one
port network is
(A) s11 - s11 s22 + s12 s21 (B) s11 + s11 s22 - s12 s21
1 + s22 1 + s22
(C) s11 + s11 s22 + s12 s21 (D) s11 - s11 s22 + s12 s21
1 - s22 1 - s22
Sol. 24 Correct option is (B).
Consider the two port network shown in figure below.

The scattering parameter is

. in
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s11 s12
6S @ = >s s H

.
21 22
So, we have

a
vo1 = S11 vi1 + S12 vi2 ...(1)

d i
vo2 = S21 vi1 + S22 vi2 ...(2)
Now, the port 2 is short circuited, so we get the two port network as

n o
.
w
w
w
From the network, we may conclude that
vi2 =- vo2 ...(3)

©
substituting it is equation (2), we have
vo2 = s21 vi1 + s22 ^- vo2h

vo2 = s21 v ...(4)

1 + s22 i1
Substituting equation (3) in equation (1)
vo1 = s11 vi1 + s12 ^- vo2h
Again, substituting equation (4) in above expression, we have
vo1 = s11 vi1 - s12 s21 vi1
1 + s22
= bs11 - 12 # s21 l vi1
s
1 + s22
v s 11 + s11 s 22 - s12 s 21
Hence, o1
=
v i1 1 + s22
This is the resultant parameter for one port network.
Q. 25 The force on a point charge + q kept at a distance d from the surface of an
infinite grounded metal plate in a medium of permittivity e is
q2
(A) 0 (B) away from the plate
16ped 2
q2 q2
(C) towards the plate (D) towards the plate
16ped 2 4ped 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Sol. 25 Correct option is (C).

Consider the point charge + q and infinite surface as shown below.

We can replace the image charge by a negative equivalent charge - q placed at

2d distance from + q charge.

. in
Hence, the force experienced by + q charge is
qq
F = 1

co
4pe 0 ^2d h2

.
q2
= 1

a
4pe 0 4d 2

i
q2
=

d
16pe 0 d 2

o
Since, the force will be attractive, so the force on point charge + q due to metal

.n
surface is
q2
F = towards the plate

w
16pe 0 d 2

w
Q.-26 - Q.-55 Carry two mark each.
Q. 26
w
The Taylor series expansion of 3 sin x + 2 cos x is

©
3 3
(A) 2 + 3x - x2 - x + .... (B) 2 - 3x + x2 - x + ....
2 2
3 3
(C) 2 + 3x + x2 + x + .... (D) 2 + 3x + x2 + x + ....
2 2
Sol. 26 Correct option is (A).
Given the function
f ^x h = 3 sin x + 2 cos x ...(i)
Now, we have the Taylor’s expansion for the trigonometric function as
3 5
sin x = x - x + x - ...........
3! 5!
2 4
cos x = 1 - + x - ........
x
2! 4!
Substituting it in equation (1), we get
3 2
f ^x h = 3 c x - x + .....m + 2 b1 - x + ......l
3! 2!
3
x 2
= 3x - + 2 - x + ......
2
3
= 2 + 3x - x2 - x + .....
2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

For a function g ^ t h, it is given that g ^ t h e-jwt dt = we-2w for any real value
+3
Q. 27 # -3
2

w . If y ^ t h = g ^t h dt , then y ^ t h dt is
t +3
#
-3
#-3
(A) 0 (B) - j
j j
(C) - (D)
2 2
Sol. 27 Correct option is (B).
Given the relations
# g ^ t h e-jwt dt = we-2w
3 2
...(1)
-3

y^t h = g ^t h dt
t
#
-3
...(2)
The Fourier transformation of f ^ t h is defined as

in
F ^ jwh = # f ^ t h e-jwt dt
3

.
-3
So, we may write

co
G ^ jwh = # g^t he
3 -jwt
dt

a.
-3
2
= we-2w [From eq (1)]
Now, from equation (2), we have
i
d #
y^t h =
t
g ^t h dt

n o -3

.
# g ^t h u ^t - t h dt
3
=

w
-3

= g^t h * u^t h

w
where u ^ t h is unit step function. Taking Fourier transform both the sides, we have

w Y ^ jwh = G ^ jwhb 1 l
jw

© = we-2w 1
2

jw
2
=- je-2w
Since, we have
Y ^ jwh = # y ^ t h e-jwt dt
3

-3
So, we obtain
# y ^ t h dt = lim Y ^ jwh
3

-3 w"0

= lim 6- je-2w @
2

w"0

=- j
Q. 28 The volume under the surface z ^x, y h = x + y and above the triangle in the x -y
plane defined by "0 # y # x and 0 # x # 12, is _____.
Sol. 28 Correct answer is 864.
We have the triangular surface in x -y plane as shown in figure below.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Also, we have the surface

Z ^x, y h = x + y
So, the volume under the surface and above the triangular surface is given as
Z ^x, y h dxdy
12 x
V = # #
0 0

^x + y h dydx
12 x
= # #
0 0

in
y2 x
;xy + 2 E dx
12
= #
.
0 0

co
2
12
x
# :x - 2 - 0D dx
2
=
0

.
3 12
= 3 :x D

a
2 3 0

d i = 3 :1728 - 0D
2 3

o = 864
Q. 29 Consider the matrix
.n
w
R V
S0 0 0 0 0 1W

w
S0 0 0 0 1 0W
S W
0 0 0 1 0 0W

w
S
J6 = S
0 0 1 0 0 0W
S0 1 0 0 0 0W

©
S W
S1 0 0 0 0 0W
T X
Which is obtained by reversing the order of the columns of the identity matrix I 6 .
Let P = I 6 + aJ 6 , where a is a non-negative real number. The value of a for
which det ^P h = 0 is _____.
Sol. 29 Correct answer is 1.
Given the matrix
R V
S0 0 0 0 0 1W
S0 0 0 0 1 0W
S W
0 0 0 1 0 0W
J 6 = SS
0 0 1 0 0 0W
S0 1 0 0 0 0WW
S
S1 0 0 0 0 0W
T X
So, the identity matrix I 6 is given as
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

R V
S1 0 0 0 0 0W
S0 1 0 0 0 0W
S0 0 1 0 0 0WW
I6 = S
S0 0 0 1 0 0W
S0 0 0 0 1 0W
S W
S0 0 0 0 0 1W
T X
Therefore, we obtain the matrix P as
R V
S1 0 0 0 0 aW
S0 1 0 0 a 0W
S0 0 1 a 0 0WW
P = I 6 + aJ 6 = S
S0 0 a 1 0 0W
S0 a 0 0 1 0W
S W
Sa 0 0 0 0 1W

in
T X

.
Hence, the determinant of matrix is
det ^P h = 1 - a6

co
Given that the determinant of P is zero. So, we get
1 - a6 = 0

a .
i
a =! 1

d
Since, a is non-negative real number. Hence,

o
a =1
Q. 30

. n
A Y -network has resistances of 10 W each in two of its arms, while the third

w
arm has a resistance of 11 W . In the equivalent T-network, the lowest value
^in Wh among the three resistances is _____.
Sol. 30
w
Correct answer is 29.09.

w
For the given problem, we sketch the Y -network as

For the given Y -network; we obtain the equivalent resistances of T-network as

R A = R1 R 2 + R 2 R 3 + R1 R 3
R1
11
= # 10 + 10 # 10 + 11 # 10 = 29.09 W
11
R 1 R 2 + R 2 R 3 + R1 R 3
RB =
R2
= 11 # 10 + 10 # 10 + 11 # 10 = 32 W
10
R 1 R 2 + R 2 R 3 + R1 R 3
RC =
R3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

= 11 # 10 + 10 # 10 + 11 # 10
10
= 32 W
Hence, the lowest value among the three resistance is
RA = 29.09 W
Note : Since, we have to determine lowest value, so the resistance should be
determined only for the expression having maximum value in denominator. Thus,
the calculation of RB and RC are not required.
Q. 31 A 230 V rms source supplies power to two loads connected in parallel. The first
load draws 10 kW at 0.8 leading power factor and the second one draws 10 kVA
at 0.8 lagging power factor. The complex power delivered by the source is
(A) ^18 + j1.5h kVA (B) ^18 - j1.5h kVA
(C) ^20 + j1.5h kVA (D) ^20 - j1.5h kVA
Sol. 31 Correct option is (B).
Consider the circuit diagram for given problem as shown below.

. in
. co
Load delivered to Z1 is
i a
d
P1 = 10 kW

o
cos f 1 = 0.8 , leading

.n
So, we obtain the complex power delivered to Z1 as
s1 = P1 + jQ1

w
= 10 + jP1 tan f 1
= 10 + j10 ^- 0.75h

w = 10 - j 7.5

w
Again, the delivered power to load Z2 as
s2 = 10 kVA

© cos f 2 = 0.8 , lagging

So, we obtain the complex power delivered to load Z2 as
s2 = P2 + jQ2
= S2 cos f 2 + j S2 sin f 2
= ^10h^0.8h + j ^10h^0.6h
= 8 + j6
Hence, the total complex power delivered by the source is
s1 + s2 = ^10 - j 7.5h + ^8 + j 6h
= ^18 - j1.5h kVA
Q. 32 A periodic variable x is shown in the figure as a function of time. The root-
mean-square (rms) value of x is _____.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Sol. 32 Correct answer is 0.408.

We have the waveform of periodic variable x as shown below.

From the waveform, we define variable x in the period T as

2t
0 < t < T /2
x^t h = * T
2 < t < T
T
0,

So, the rms value of x ^ t h is obtained as

in
1 T

.
x rms =
T # x2 dt

co
0

1 T
2t 2
# b T l dt

a.
=
T 0

i
4 T
4 t3 T
= # t2 dt = : D

d
T3 0 T3 3 0

o
3
4 T 1

n
= =

.
T33#8 6

w
= 0.4083

w
Q. 33 In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of capacitor C (in mF) needed to
have critically damped response i ^ t h is _____.

w
©
Sol. 33 Correct answer is 10 mF .
We have the RLC circuit as shown below

Applying kirchoff’s voltage low in frequency domain, we have

40I + 4sI + I = V0
sC
I = V0 sC
4Cs2 + 40Cs + 1
For the response i ^ t h to be critically damped we must have equal roots of
denominator. The roots of denominator is given by
4Cs2 + 40Cs + 1 = 0
- 40C ! ^40C h2 - 4 ^4C h
s =
2 ^4C h
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

For the roots to be equal, the required conditions is

^40C h2 - 4 ^4C h = 0
C ^1600C - 16h = 0
C = 16 F
1600
= 10 mF
This is the required value of C to have critically damped response i ^ t h.
Q. 34 A BJT is biased in forward active mode. Assume VBE = 0.7 V kT/q = 25 mV
and reverse saturation currents IS = 10-13 A . The transconductance of the BJT
(in mA/V) is _____.
Sol. 34 Correct answer is 5.785.
Given the base-emitter voltage,
VBE = 0.7 V
Thermal voltage, VT = kT = 25 mV
q

in
Saturation current, IS = 10-13 A

.
We define the collector current as

co
IC = IS ^eV /V - 1h
BE T

.
So, the transconductance is given as

a
gm = 2IC

di
2VBE
V /V
= IS e
BE T

no
VT

.
-13 0.7/25 # 10-3
= 10 e
25 # 10-3

w = 5.785 A/V
Q. 35
w
The doping concentrations on the p-side and n -side of a silicon diode are

w
1 # 1016 cm-3 and 1 # 1017 cm-3 , respectively. A forward bias of 0.3 V is
applied to the diode. At T = 300 K , the intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon

©
ni = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3 and kTq = 26 mV . The electron concentration at the edge of
the depletion region on the p-side is
(A) 2.3 # 109 cm-3 (B) 1 # 1016 cm-3
(C) 1 # 1017 cm-3 (D) 2.25 # 106 cm-3
Sol. 35 Correct option is (A).
Given the doping concentration on p-side,
NA = 1 # 1016 cm-3
Forward bias voltage, V = 0.3 V
Intrinsic carrier concentration,
ni = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3
Thermal voltage, VT = kT = 26 mV
q
So, the equilibrium electron concentration on the p-side is
2
n0 = n 1
NA
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

^1.5 # 1010h
2
=
1 # 1016
= 2.25 # 10 4 cm-3
Therefore, the electron at the edge of the depletion region on the p-side is obtained
as
n = n 0 eV /V
bi T

= ^2.25 # 10 4h e0.3/26 # 10
-3

= 2.3 # 109 cm-3

Q. 36 A depletion type N-channel MOSFET is biased in its linear region for use as a
voltage controlled resistor. Assume threshold voltage VTH =- 0.5 V , VGS = 2.0 V
, VDS = 5 V , W/L = 100 , Cox = 10-8 F/cm2 and m n = 800 cm2 /V - s . The value of
the resistance of the voltage controlled resistor (in W ) is ______.

in
Sol. 36 Correct answer is 500.

.
For the depletion type n -channel MOSFET, we have

co
Thresheld voltage, VTH =- 0.5 V

.
gate-to-source voltage VGS = 2 V

a
Drain-to-source voltage VDS = 5 V
Width to length ratio,
d
W = 100
L i
Oxidation capacitance,

n o COX = 10-8 F/cm2

.
mobility, m n = 800 cm2 /V -s

w
So, we have

w
VGS > VTH
VDS > VGS - VTH

w
Therefore, the MOSFET operates in saturation region. Hence, the drain current

©
is given by
ID = Kn ^VGS - VTH h2
m C
= n ox W ^VGS - VTH h2
2 L
The transconductance is obtained as
m C
gm = 2ID = n ox W 2 ^VGS - VTH h
2VGS 2 L
= m n Cox W ^VGS - VTH h
L
So, we obtain the resistance of voltage controlled resistor as
rd = 21I = 1
m n Cox ^VGS - VTH h
W
D
2VGS
L
= 1
800 # 10-8 # 100 ^2 + 0.5h
= 500 W
Q. 37 In the voltage regulator circuit shown in the figure, the op-amp is ideal. The
BJT has VBE = 0.7 V and b = 100 , and the zener voltage is 4.7 V . For a
regulated output of 9 V , the value of R (in W ) is _____.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Sol. 37 Correct answer is 1093.

We have the voltage regulator circuit as shown below.

. in
. co
i a
d
Since, the op-amp is ideal, so the voltage at positive and negative terminals are

o
same; i.e.

.n
V + = V - = 4.7 V
Applying kirchoff’s law at node V - , we get

w
Vo - V - = V -
1 kW R

w 9 - 4.7 = 4.7

w
1 kW R
R = 4.7 # 103 W

©
4.3
= 1.093 # 103 W
= 1093 W
Q. 38 In the circuit shown, the op-amp has finite input impedance, infinite voltage
gain and zero input offset voltage. The output voltage Vout is

(A) - I2 ^R1 + R2h (B) I2 R2

(C) I1 R2 (D) - I1 ^R1 + R2h
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Sol. 38 Correct option is (C).

Given that the op-amp has infinite voltage gain, i.e.
AOL = 3
and zero input offset voltage,
VIO = 0
So, we redraw the op-amp circuit as

. in
co
Hence, the current I1 is drawn through resistance R2 . So, the output voltage is
Vout = I1 R2
Q. 39

a .
For the amplifier shown in the figure, the BJT parameters are VBE = 0.7 V

i
, b = 200 , and thermal voltage VT = 25 mV . The voltage gain ^vo /vi h of the

d
amplifier is ____.

n o
.
w
w
w
©
Sol. 39 Correct answer is – 237.76.
We have the amplifier circuit as

For dc analysis, we redraw the circuit as

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

The thevenin equivalent at input terminal is obtained as

VTh = 12 # R2
R1 + R 2
= 12 # 11 = 3 V
33 + 11

in
RTh = 33 # 11 = 33 kW

.
33 + 11 4

co
So, the equivalent dc circuit can be redrawn as

a .
d i
o
.n
w
w
w
©
Therefore, we may write the KVL as
3 - IB b 33 k l - 0.7 - IE ^1 k + 10h = 0
4
IB = 3 - 0.7
^ h^
33 k + 1 + 200 1 k + 10
4 h
-5
= 1.088 # 10
So, the collector current is
IC = bIB = 2.18 mA
Now, we draw the ac equivalent circuit as
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

From the circuit, we have

Vo =- bIb RC
Vi = bre Ib + ^1 + b h Ib Rs
So, the voltage gain of amplifier is

in
Vo = - bRC
bre + ^1 + b h RS

.
Vi
-^200h^5000h

co
=
+ ^1 + 200h 10
-3
200 c 25 # 10
2.18 # 10-3 m

a .
i
VT 25 mV
=- 232.36 :since, re = ICS = 2.18 mA D
Q. 40

o d
The output F in the digital logic circuit shown in the figure is

. n
w
w
w
©
(A) F = XYZ + XY Z (B) F = XYZ + XY Z
(C) F = X Y Z + XYZ (D) F = X Y Z + XYZ
Sol. 40 Correct option is (A).
We have the digital logic circuit as

In the logic circuit, the two inputs to the output AND gate are
and X5Y
^X 5 Y h 5 Z
So, we have the output
F = ^X 5 Y h6^X 5 Y h 5 Z @
= ^X 5 Y h6X 5 Y Z + ^X 5 Y h Z @
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

= ^X 5 Y h Z
= ^XY + XY h Z
= XY Z + XYZ
Q. 41 Consider the Boolean function, F ^w, x, y, z h = wy + xy + wxyz + w xy + xz + x y z
. Which one of the following is the complete set of essential prime implicants ?
(A) w, y, xz, x z (B) w, y, xz
(C) y, x y z (D) y, xz, x z
Sol. 41 Correct option is (D).
Given the Boolean function,
F ^w, x, y, z h = wy + xy + wxyz + w xy + xz + x y z
So, the k -map for the Boolean function can be given as

. in
. co
i a
o d
Therefore, the simplified So P from for the Boolean function is
F ^w, x, y, z h = x z + xz + y

.n
Hence, the prime implicants are y , xz , x z

w
Q. 42 The digital logic shown in the figure satisfies the given state diagram when Q1 is
connected to input A of the XOR gate.

w
w
©

Suppose the XOR gate is replaced by an XNOR gate. Which one of the following
options preserves the state diagram ?
(A) Input A is connected to Q2
(B) Input A is connected to Q2
(C) Input A is connected to Q1 and S is complemented
(D) Input A is connected to Q1
Sol. 42 Correct option is (D).
When Q1 , is connected to input A, then we have the input D2 as
D2 = A 5 S
= Q1 5 S = Q1 S + Q 1 S
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

This input satisfies the state-diagram. Now, the XOR gate is replaced by XNOR
gate. So, the output D2 is
D2 = A 5 S
= A S + AS
To preserve the state diagram, the D2 must be same as obtained in previous case.
Hence, the input A should be
A = Q1
i.e. input A is connected to Q 1 .

Let x 6n@ = b- 1 l u ^n h - b- 1 l u ^- n - 1h. The Region of Convergence (ROC) of

n n
Q. 43
9 3
the
z -transform of x 6n@.
(A) is z > 1 (B) is z < 1

in
9 3
(C) is 1 > z > 1
.
(D) does not exist

co
3 9
Sol. 43 Correct option is (C).
Given the discrete signal,

a .
i
x 6n@ = b- 1 l u ^n h - b- 1 l u ^- n - 1h
n n

d
9 3
Z 1 n

o
]]b- 9 l 3>n$0

n
=[

. ]-b- 13 l
n
- 3 < n #- 1

w
\
So, the z -transform of signal is obtained as

w X ^z h = / x6n@z
3
-n

w
n =- 3
-1 3
= / ;-b- 1 l E z-n + / b- 1 l z-n
n n

© -3
3 0
9
-1
=- / ^- 3z h-n + / b- 1 l
3 n

-3 0
9 z

=- / ^- 3z hn + / b- 1 l
3 3 n

1 0
9 z
The above series converges, if
3z < 1 or z < 1
3
and 1 < 1 or z > 1
9z 9
Combining the two inequalities, we get
1 < z <1
9 3
This is the ROC of the z -transform.
Q. 44 Consider a discrete time periodic signal x 6n@ = sin ^ p5n h. Let ak be the complex
Fourier series coefficients of x 6n@. The coefficients "ak , are non-zero when
k = Bm ! 1, where m is any integer. The value of B is ____.
Sol. 44 Correct answer is 10.
Given the discrete time periodic signal,
x 6n@ = sin a pn k
5
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

x 6n@ = 1 8e j 5 - e- 5 B
pn jpn
or
2j
So, we have the fourier series coefficients
a1 = 1
2j
and a-1 =- 1
2j
Also, we have the period of the function as
N = 2p = 10
p/5
Since, the fourier series coefficients are also periodic, so we have
a1 = a1 + 10 = a1 + 20 .......... = 1
2j
a-1 = a-1 + 10 = a-1 + 20 = ........ =- 1
2j
i.e. the fourier series coefficients are non-zero for

in
k = 10 m ! 1 where m = 0 , 1, 2, ......

.
Given that the system coefficients are non-zero for

co
k = Bm ! 1

.
Hence, we get the value

a
B = 10
Q. 45

d i
A system is described by the following differential equation, where u ^ t h is the
input to the system and y ^ t h is the output of the system.

o
yo^ t h + 5y ^ t h = u ^ t h

.n
when y ^0 h = 1 and u ^ t h is a unit step function, y ^ t h is

w
(A) 0.2 + 0.8e-5t (B) 0.2 - 0.2e-5t
(C) 0.8 + 0.2e-5t (D) 0.8 - 0.8e-5t

w
w
Sol. 45 Correct option is (A).
Given the differential equation of the system,

©
y ^ t h + 5y ^ t h = u ^ t h
Applying Laplace transform both the sides,
6sY ^s h - y ^0h@ + 5Y ^s h = s1

sY ^s h - 1 + 5Y ^s h = 1
s
Y ^s h = s + 1
s ^s + 5h
Y ^s h = A + B ...(1)
s s+5
We obtain the constants A and B as
A = lim s + 1 = 1
s"0 s + 5 5
B = lim s + 1 = - 4 = 4
s "- 5 s -5 5
Substituting there values in equation (1), we get
Y ^s h = 1 + 4
5s 5 ^s + 5h
Taking inverse Laplace transform, we get
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

y ^ t h = 1 u ^ t h + 4 e-5t
5 5
= 0.2 + 0.8e-5t
Q. 46 Consider the state space model of a system, as given below
R o V R- 1 1 0VRx V R0V Rx V
Sx1W S WS 1W S W S 1W
Sxo2W = S 0 - 1 0WSx2W + S4W u ; y = 81 1 1BSx2W
SSxo WW SS 0 0 - 2WWSSx 3WW SS0WW SSx WW
3 3
T X T X T X
The system is T X T X
(A) controllable and observable (B) uncontrollable and observable
(C) uncontrollable and unobservable (D) controllable and unobservable
Sol. 46 Correct option is (B).
Given the state-space model of system,

in
R o V R- 1 1 0VRx V R0V
Sx1W S WS 1W S W

.
Sxo2W = S 0 - 1 0WSx2W + S4W u

co
SSxo WW SS 0 0 - 2WWSSx 3WW SS0WW
3
T X T Rx V XT X T X

.
S 1W
y = 61 1 1@Sx2W

i a
SSx WW
3

d
In standard form, we define the stateTspaceX model as

o
6X @ = A 6X @ + Bu
o

. ny = C 6X @ + Du
Comparing it to the given space model, we have the matrix

w
R V
S- 1 1 0W

w A = S 0 - 1 0W
SS 0 0 - 2WW

w TR V
S0W
X

© B = S4W
SS0WW
T X
C = 81 1 1B
So, we obtain the controllability matrix as
CM = 9B AB A2 BC
R V
S0 4 - 8W
= S4 - 4 4W
SS0 0 0WW
T X
Therefore, the rank of matrix CM is
Rank ^CM h = 2 < 3 (order of system)
Hence, the system is uncontrollable
Again, we obtain the observability matrix as
RC V
S W
OM = SCA W
SSCA2WW
RT X V
S 1 1 1W
= S- 1 0 - 2W
SS 1 - 1 4WW
T X
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

Therefore, the rank of observability matrix is

Rank (OM ) = 3 = order of system
Hence, the system is observable.
Q. 47 The phase margin in degrees of G ^s h = 1
^s + 0.1h^s + 1h^s + 10h
calculated using the
asymptotic Bode plot is _____.
Sol. 47 Correct answer is 48.
Q. 48 For the following feedback system G ^s h = ^s + 1h1^s + 2h . The 2% settling time of the
step response is required to be less than 2 seconds.

Which one of the following compensators C ^s h achieves this ?

(A) 3 b 1 l (B) 5 b 0.03 + 1l
s+5 s
(C) 2 ^s + 4h (D) 4 b s + 8 l
s+3
. in
co
Sol. 48 Correct option is (C).
Q. 49

a .
Let X be a real-valued random variable with E 6X @ and E 6X 2@ denoting the

i
mean values of X and X 2 , respectively. The relation which always holds true is
(A) ^E 6X @h2 > E 6X 2@ (B) E 6X 2@ $ ^E 6X @h2
(C) E 6X 2@ = ^E 6X @h2
o d (D) E 6X 2@ > ^E 6X @h2

.n
Sol. 49 Correct option is (B).
For a random variable X , we define the variance as

w s 2X = E 6X2@ - ^E 6X @h2

w
Since, the variance can not be negative. So, we have

w
E 6X2@ $ ^E 6X @h2
This relation always holds true.
Q. 50
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Consider a random process X ^ t h = 2 sin ^2pt + jh, where the random
phase j is uniformly distributed in the interval 60, 2p@. The auto-correlation
E 6X ^t1h X ^t2h@ is
(A) cos ^2p ^t1 + t2hh (B) sin ^2p ^t1 - t2hh
(C) sin ^2p ^t1 + t2hh (D) cos ^2p ^t1 - t2hh
Sol. 50 Correct option is (D).
We have the random process,
X ^ t h = 2 sin ^2pt + fh
Where random phase f is uniformly distributed in the interval 60, 2p@. So, we
obtain the probability density function as
ff ^fh = 1
2p
Therefore, the auto-correlation is given as
E 6X ^t1h X ^t2h@ = X ^t1h X ^t2h ff ^fh df
2p
#
0

8 2 sin ^2pt1 + fhB8 2 sin ^2pt2 + fhB 2p df

2p
1
= #
0
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

= 2 # sin ^2pt1 + fh sin ^2pt2 + fh df

2p

2p 0
Using the trigonometric relation,
sin A sin B = 1 6cos ^A - B h - cos ^A + B h@
2
We get
E 6X ^t1h X ^t2h@
cos ^2pt1 - 2pt2h - cos 62p ^t1 + t2h + f@df
2p
= 1 #
2p 0

= 1 cos 62p ^t1 - t2h@ # 2p

2p
= cos 62p ^t1 - t2h@
Q. 51 Let Q _ g i be the BER of a BPSK system over an AWGN channel with two-
sided noise power spectral density N 0 /2 . The parameter g is a function of bit

in
energy and noise power spectral density.

.
A system with two independent and identical AWGN channels with noise power

co
spectral density N 0 /2 is shown in the figure. The BPSK demodulator receives the

.
sum of outputs of both the channels.

i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
If the BER of this system is Q ^b g h, then the value of b is ____.

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Sol. 51 Correct answer is 1.414.
Q. 52 A fair coin is tossed repeatedly until a ‘Head’ appears for the first time. Let
L be the number of tosses to get this first ‘Head’. The entropy H ^L h in bits is
_____.
Sol. 52 Correct answer is 2.
For a fair coin, the probability of getting a head or tail is same, i.e.
P (Head) = P ^Tailh = L
2
Now, L is the number of tosses to get first head. So, we have the probability for
different values of L as
L = 1, p1 = 1
2
p2 = 1 # 1 = b 1 l
2
L = 2,
2 2 2
p 3 = 1 # 1 # 1 = b 1 l and so on
3
L = 3,
2 2 2 2
Therefore, the entropy is given as

H ^L h =
3
/p Llog 2 1
L=0
pL
= 1 + b 1 l log 2 22 + b 1 l log 2 23 + .....
2 3

2 log 2 2 2 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

= 1 + 2 b 1 l + 3 b 1 l + .......
2 3

2 2 2
1
Multiplying the above expression by 2 , we have
H ^L h
= b 1 l + 2 b 1 l + ......
2 3
...(2)
2 2 2
Substituting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
H ^L h
H ^L h - = 1 + b 1 l + b 1 l + .......
2 3

2 2 2 2
H ^L h 1/2
=
2 1 - 1/2
H ^L h = 2
Q. 53 In spherical coordinates, let atq , atf denote unit vectors along the q , f directions.
E = 100 sin q cos ^wt - br h atq V/m
r
and H = 0.265 sin q cos ^wt - br h atf A/m
r

in
represent the electric and magnetic field components of the EM wave at large

.
distances r from a dipole antenna, in free space. The average power (W) crossing

co
the hemispherical shell located at r = 1 km , 0 # q # p/2 is ____.

.
Sol. 53 Correct answer is 55.5.
Q. 54

i a
For a parallel plate transmission line, let v be the speed of propagation and Z

d
be the characteristic impedance. Neglecting fringe effects, a reduction of the

o
spacing between the plates by a factor of two results in

.n
(A) halving of v and no change in Z (B) no changes in v and halving of Z
(C) no change in both v and Z (D) halving of both v and Z
Sol. 54
w
Correct option is (B).
Q. 55
w
The input impedance of a l8 section of a lossless transmission line of

w
characteristic impedance 50 W is found to be real when the other end is
terminated by a load ZL = ^R + jX h W . If X is 30 W , the value of R (in W ) is

Sol. 55
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_____.
Correct answer is 40.

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

**********
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-1

ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(C) (D) (B) (A) (725) (D) (B) (560) (D) (B)

Electronics & Communication

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(D) (0.67) (C) (1) (0.33) (C) (A) (8) (D) (A)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(B) (B) (3.18) (C) (A) (62.5) (D) (3) (45) (2.25)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

. in
(D) (8) (0) (B) (C) (A) (B) (864) (1) (29.09)

co
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

a.
(B) (0.408) (10) (5.785) (A) (500) (1093) (C) (–237.76) (A)
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
(D) (D) (C) (10) (A)

d i
(B) (48) (C) (B) (D)

o
51 52 53 54 55

n
(1.414) (2) (55.5) (B) (40)

.
w
w
w
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