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Matter

Pure
Mixtures Substance

Heterogeneous Homogenous
Compounds Elements
Mixture Mixture

Colloids Suspension Neutral Bases Non-

Solutions Acids Metals Metalliods
Substance Metals
Classification of Matter

All matter can be classified as either a mixture or a pure substance. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Pure substances can be either elements or
compounds.

Pure Substances cannot be separated into component parts by physical methods and follow the law of constant composition. The fundamental reason behind
these properties is that pure substances contain only a single type of molecule.

Pure Substances can be divided into two categories:

 Elements � Contain only one type of atom. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into different types of substances. There are
almost 120 known elements , each with its own personality. The chemical and physical properties of one element differ from any other. Elements are
arranged according to their properties in the Periodic Table.
o Example of Elements � Oxygen (O2), Gold (Au), Silicon (Si), Diamond (C)

 TYPES OF ELEMENTS

PROPERTIES OF METALS PROPERTIES OF METALLOIDS OR PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS

Most elements are metals. Metals exhibit the
following properties:
 usually solid at room temperature
(mercury is an exception)
 high luster (shiny)
 metallic appearance
 good conductors of heat and electricity
 malleable (can be bent and pounded into
thin sheets)
 ductile (can be drawn into wire)
 corrode or oxidize in air and sea water
 usually dense (exceptions include
lithium, potassium, and sodium)
 may have a very high melting point
 readily lose electrons
SEMIMETALS
Metalloids have some of the properties of
metals and some nonmetallic characteristic.
 dull or shiny
 usually conduct heat and electricity,
though not as well as metals
 often make good semiconductors
 often exist in several forms
 often ductile
 often malleable
 may gain or lose electrons in reactions
Nonmetals exhibit very different properties
from metals. Nonmetals display some or all of
the following characteristics:
 dull appearance
 usually brittle
 poor conductors of heat and electricity
 usually less dense, compared to metals
 usually low melting point of solids,
compared with metals
 tend to gain electrons in chemical
reactions
Rhoyet L. Sola

 Compounds � Contain more than one type of atom

o Compounds � Water (H2O), Ethanol (C2H6O), Quartz (SiO2)

Acids Bases

 the word 'acid' comes from the
Latin acere, which means 'sour'
 acids are corrosive
 acids change litmus (a blue vegetable
dye) from blue to red
 their aqueous (water) solutions conduct
electric current (are electrolytes)
 react with bases to form salts and water
Neutral substance is a substance that shows
no acid or base properties, has an equal number
of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions and does not
change the colour of litmus-paper.
 feel slippery or soapy
 bases don't change the color of litmus;
they can turn red (acidified) litmus back
to blue
 their aqueous (water) solutions conduct
and electric current (are electrolytes)
 react with acids to form salts and water

Mixtures have variable composition and can be separated into component parts by physical methods. Mixtures contain more than one type of molecule.

Solutions Colloids Suspensions

Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous

Particle size: 0.01-1 nm; atoms, ions, or Particle size: 1-1000 nm, dispersed; large molecules or Particle size: over 1000 nm, suspended; large particles
molecules aggregates or aggregates

Do not separate on standing Do not separate on standing Particles settle out

Cannot be separated by filtration Cannot be separated by filtration Can be separated by filtration

Do not scatter light Scatter light (Tyndall effect) May either scatter light or be opaque