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Reinforcement Learning
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Why is minimum reinforcement provided?
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Anubhab Mukherjee
Anubhab Mukherjee, studied Civil Engineering at University Institute of Technology,
Burdwan University
Answered Apr 13, 2017
Well, after reading this u will have a clear idea regarding the topic..!

Before jumping directly to ans d question.i would like to explain something..

People often get confused about RCC ( Reinforced cement concrete ) & PCC( Plain
cement concrete) ..I hv heard them saying RCC means with Reinforcement nd PCC
refers without reinforcement..nd its a blunder i must say..!

yes obviously RCC means cement concrete equipped with reinforcement ( we use Steel
as reinforcement due to its advantage over any other material),

But PCC doesnt mean that there is no reinforcment in it..! It certainly includes
some minimum amount of reinforcement..!

Now, question arises why do we need min. amount of reinforcement ..??

i) Firstly, these min. amount of reinforcement is mainly provided to prevent cracks

due to shrinkage and temp. variations but these reinforcement is not taken into
account while calculating the strength of the member..!

ii) Secondly, we know concrete is very weak in tension nd it can�t withstand

significant amount of tensile stresses that sets up in the cross-section..IS
456:2000 provides the formula for determining the flexural tensile strength ( also
called modulus of rupture) of conrete given by 0.7root(fck) where fck=
characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete.!

So whenever the tensile stresses set up in the section reaches these value, the
first tensile crack occurs in the tension zone and it propagate inwards on increase
in loading thereby leading to a complete collapse of the member due to crushing of
concrete ( brittle failure) but if we provide the min. amount of reinforcement then
the flexural tensile capacity of concrete increases about 20�30% nd thereby
increasing the tensile strength of concrete and strengthening the section upto some
extent..!

Hope u got it Ajay..! if u have any further queries feel free to ask..!
thank you..!

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Emre Insel
Emre Insel, B.S. Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University (2005)
Answered Apr 9, 2017
Imagine an unreinforced concrete beam. It has some flexural capacity due to the
tensile capacity of concrete. The problem is, as soon as the flexural capacity of
concrete is reached the beam fails suddenly. This is an unwanted, brittle type of
failure. The minimum reinforcement provides a flexural capacity that is slightly
(20%) higher than the unreinforced capacity. This additional strength eliminates
the possibility of a brittle failure.

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Humayun Ahmed
Humayun Ahmed, Structural Engineer for 31 years
Updated Apr 17, 2017
To prevent sudden catastrophic brittle failure. Presence of minimum reinforced
induces ductility into the section , thus when capacity of the section is reached
under loading the member does not fail suddenly but undergoes noticeable
deformation before failure giving plenty of warning before failure.

It is for more or less the same reason sections are designed as under reinforced
sections .

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Dakshil Patel
Dakshil Patel, B-TECH Civil Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University,
Gandhinagar
Answered Apr 10, 2017
Concrete is resistive to compressional force only. it can�t withstand under tensile
force. capacity of taking tensile force of concrete is very negligible , and steel
is able to withstand under the the tensile force. so reinforcement is used along
with concrete so that the structure remains stable under both compressive and
tensile force on its members.

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Uppal Akashdeep
Uppal Akashdeep, Civil Engineer at L&T Construction
Answered Apr 12, 2017
For Rectangular Beam Design for Flexure as per IS 456 :
For given BM, Mu < Mu,lim, the section is singly reinforced beam and only Tension
steel is calculated, comp. steel would be zero. Minimum area of tension steel
Ast,min (mm2) = 0.205 % of the gross area of section. If Ast, calculated < Ast,min,
Ast,min is reported. For Mu > Mu,lim both tension and comp. steel are calculated.
The Maximimum Tension Steel is 4 % of the gross area of section.

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