=
K21 K22 u2 F2
ANALISIS DE LA BARRA
∫ N∂x = ∫ EA∂u
Nx= EA u + C ] de 0 a L
Cuando X = 0
N (0) = EA u1+ C C = -EA u1
cuando X = L
NL = EA u2+ C
NL = EA u2 + ( -EA u1 )
N= (EA/L) * (u2-u1)
F2 = - F1
F1 = EA/L (u1 -u2 )
F2 = EA/L (-u1 + u2 )
1 -1 u1
EA/L =
-1 1 u2
1 -1
K = EA/L
-1 1
U = 1/2 ∫ σ Ɛ dV = 1/2 A ∫ (E Ɛ ) Ɛ dx
σ = EƐ
E constante A constante
U = 1/2 EA ∫ Ɛ ² dx
U = 1/2 EA ∫ ( du/∂x)² dx
u1 u2
u(x)
x
u ( x ) = u1 +( ( u2 - u1 )/L )* X
cuando x = o u(o) = u1
cuando x= L u(L) = u2 OK
u ( x) = ( 1- x/L ) u1 + u2 x/L
K 11 K12
K21 K22
K 11 = EA ( 1/L)² L
K 11 = EA/ L
K 12 = -EA ( 1/L)² L
K 12 = - EA/ L
K 22 = EA ( 1/L)² L
K 22 = EA/ L
K 21 = -EA ( 1/L)² L
K 21 = - EA/ L
1 -1
K = EA/L
-1 1
N = F1
F1
U = 1/2 ∫ (N ²/EA) dx
a ij = ∂² U /∂Fi ∂Fj
∂ U /∂F1 = 1/2 ∫ 2 (F1 /EA) dx
∂² U /∂F1 ∂F1 = ( L/ EA )
a11 = ( L/ EA )
LEYES DE EQUILIBRIO
Ʃ Fx = 0 Ʃ Fy = 0
σy + ( ∂σy/∂y) dy
Ƭ yx + ( ∂Ƭxy/∂y) dy
Ƭ xy + ( ∂Ƭxy/∂x) dx
σx dy σx +( ∂σx/∂x) dx
Ƭ xy
Ƭ yx
σy
dx
Ʃ Fx = 0
Ʃ Fy = 0
∂Ƭyx/∂x+( ∂σy/∂y) + by = 0 (2)
Ƭ xy = Ƭ yx
PRINCIPIO DE SUPERPOSICION
CAUSA EFECTO
Pa Δa
Pb Δb
Pa + Pb
Pa + Pb
Pb Pb
Pa Pa
CAUSA EFECTO
Pa Δa Pb Δa = Pa Δb
Pb Δb
1
i +ji
+ij 1
j j
RIGIDEZ Y FLEXIBILIDAD
KΔ = F
Rigidez : Es la fuerza requerida para producir un desplazamiento unitario
u1 u2
N = k ( u2 - u1 )
N N F1, u1 F2, u2
F( vectorial)
F1 = K ( u2- u1 ) magnitud ( - por la direccion )
F2 = K ( u2- u1 ) (+ coincide con dirección )
K -K u1 F1
=
-K K u2 F2
Matriz de Rigidez Desplazamiento Matriz de fuerza
K1 K2 K3
columna ( 01)
u1 = 1 u2=0 u3=0 u4 =0
F1 = K1 K11
F2= -K1 K21
F3= 0 K31
F4= 0 K41
Columna ( 02)
u1 = 0 u2=1 u3=0 u4 =0
f1= K1 K1
K2 K2
F1 = -K1 K12
F2 = K1 + K2 K22
F3 = -K2 K32
F4 = 0 K42
Columna ( 03)
u1 = 0 u2=0 u3=1 u4 =0
K2
K2
K3 K3
F1 = 0 K13
F2 = - K2 K23
F3 = K2 + K3 K33
F4 = - K3 K43
Columna ( 04)
u1 = 0 u2=0 u3=0 u4 =1
K3 K3
F1= 0 K14
F2=0 K24
F3= - K3 K34
F4= K3 K44
K1 -K1 0 0
K= -K1 K1 + K2 - K2 0
0 -K2 K2 + K3 - K3
0 0 - K3 K3
F1, u1
A( x ) = A1 + ( A2 - A1 )/L x
A1 A2
L U = ∫ ( N²/2EA) dx
N = -F1
x
a ij = ∂² U /∂Fi ∂Fj
a 11 = ∂² U /∂F1 ∂F1 = ∫ dx/EA
a 11 = 0.84118 L/EA2
K11 = 1.1888 EA2/L
F1, u1 F2, u2
K = 1.1888EA/L 1 -1 u1 = F1
L/2 L/2 -1 1 u2 F2
2 1 3
4
1.1 A 3
1.3 A Yˈ
u1 = 1 Xˈ
A = A
2
1 3
F1=1.3 EA/L/2 + 1.1EA/ L/2 k11
F2= - 1.3 EA/L/2 k21
F3 = -1.1 EA/ L/2 k31
u2 = 1
2
u3 =1
Vx 2
F1 = -1.1 EA/L/2 Vx k13 2
F2 = 0 k23
Vx Sen (θ)
F3 = 1.1 EA/L/2 k33
Vy Sen (θ)
1.3+1.1 -1.3 -1.1 u1
E AL/2 -1.3 1.3 0 u2 =
-1.1 0 1.1 u3
2 1
1.3 -1.3 2
EA/L/2
-1.3 1.3 1
1 3
1.1 -1.1 1
EA/L/2
-1.1 1.1 3
Sistema Local
Y
1
X Sistema Global
4
4
3 3
Yˈ
Xˈ θ
2 2
2 2
1 θ
1
Vx Cos (θ)
Vy Sen ( θ )
Vxˈ = Vx Cos ( θ ) +
(1)
Vyˈ = Vy Cos ( θ ) - Vx Sen ( θ )
R ( matriz de rotación )
vRˈ = RR * vR
RR ᵀ * RR = I
KRˈ RR ṵ = RR fR
( RR ᵀ KRˈ RR ) ṵ = RR ᵀ RR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
KR = RR ᵀ KRˈ RR
1 0 -1 0
KRˈ = EA/L 0 0 0 0
-1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
uˈ1 = RR u1
uˈ2 u2
uˈ3 = RR u3
uˈ4 u4
Local Global
+θ
uˈ1 RR 0R u1
ṵˈ = uˈ2 = u2
uˈ3 u3
uˈ4 0R RR u4
ṵˈ = TR ṵ
ṵˈ = TR ṵ
3
3 5fˈ1 RR 0R f1
2 2
fRˈ = fˈ2 4 = f2
fˈ3 f3
5
fˈ4 0R RR f4
3 4 fRˈ = TR fR
6
Considerando todo el elemento
1
KRˈ ṵˈ = fRˈ 1 Sistema Local
ṵˈ = TR ṵ Relacion desplazamiento local con global
fRˈ = TR fR Relacion fuerza local con global
KRˈ TR ṵ = TR fR
( TR ᵀ KRˈ TR ) ṵ = TR ᵀ TR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
c s 0 0
TR = -s c 0 0
0 0 c s
0 0 -s c
c -s 0 0
TR ᵀ = s c 0 0
o o c -s
o o s c
1 0 -1 0
KRˈ = EA/L 0 0 0 0
-1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
c 0 -c 0
TR ᵀ Kˈ = EA/L s 0 -s 0
-c 0 c 0
-s 0 s 0
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = TR ᵀ KRˈ TR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
MATRIZ DE RIGIDEZ SISTEMA GLOBAL
EJEMPLO ENCONTRAR ESFUERZOS AXIALES EN CADA ELEMENTO
2000 KG
A = 10 cm2
E = 2.1 x 10 ⁶k/cm2
Continua adjunto.
Deformacion unitaria en las direcciones X, Y y Z
Ɛz
Ɛy
Ɛx
F1
F2
x ( variable) dx
A ( constante)
dV = A dx
A ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
A ( 1/L)² L
EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
EA ( 1/L)² L
A ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
A ( 1/L)² L
EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
EA ( 1/L)² L
ƩM =0
Δc > Δa+Δb
desplazamiento unitario
3
3 3 5
2 2 4
3 3 4
6
1
1
Elemento 1 y 2
2 4
1 3
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
2 3 4 5
0 0 1 0
70,000.00 - -70,000.00 -
KR = - - - -
-70,000.00 - 70,000.00 -
- - - -
4
3
elemento 3 y 4
2 4
1 3 2 θ = 90
1
i j
E = 2100000 kg/cm2 cos(θ ) = 0.000
A= 10 cm2 sen(θ ) = 1
θ= 90 cos²(θ ) = 0.00
L = 300 cm sen²(θ ) = 1
EA/L = 70000 cos(θ ) sen (θ )= 0.000
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
1 0 4 5
0 0 2 3
0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00
KR = 0.00 70,000.00 -0.00 -70,000.00
-0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.00 -70,000.00 0.00 70,000.00
4
3
elemento 5
2 4
1 3 2 θ = 45
1
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
0 0 4 5
24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74
KR = 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74
-24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74
-24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74
4
3
3
elemento 6
2 4
1 3 θ = 135
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
1 0 2 3
24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74
KR = -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74
-24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74
24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74
MATRIZ DE FUERZA
0
fR = 2000
0
0
0
KR ṵ = fR
ṵ = KR⁻¹ fR
0.0142857143
0.0689775304
ṵ = 0.0142857143
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
ELEMNTO 1
70000 0 -70000 0
0 0 0 0
-70000 0 70000 0
0 0 0 0
-1000
0
1000
0
ELEMNTO 2
70000 0 -70000 0
0 0 0 0
-70000 0 70000 0
0 0 0 0
1000
0
-1000
0
ELEMENTO 3
0.00
-1000.00
0.00
1000.00
ELEMENTO 4
0.00
1000.00
0.00
-1000.00
ELEMENTO 5
0 0 4 5
24748.7373415292 24748.7373415 -24748.73734153 -24748.737341529
KR = 24748.7373415292 24748.7373415 -24748.73734153 -24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 -24748.737342 24748.737341529 24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 -24748.737342 24748.737341529 24748.737341529
-1000
fR = -1000
1000 1000
1000 1000
1000
- Sen ( θ ) Cos ( θ )
fRˈ = TR fR
θ = 45 0.707106781 0.7071067812 0
fRˈ = -0.7071067812 0.707106781 0
cos(θ ) = 0.707106781 0 0 0.707106781
sen(θ ) = 0.7071067812 0 0 -0.7071067812
-1414.21
1414.21
fRˈ = 0.00
1414.21
0.00 TRACCION
1414.21
ELEMENTO 6
1 0 2 3
24748.737341529 -24748.737342 -24748.73734153 24748.737341529
KR = -24748.737341529 24748.7373415 24748.737341529 -24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 24748.7373415 24748.737341529 -24748.737341529
24748.7373415292 -24748.737342 -24748.73734153 24748.737341529
-1000
fR = 1000
1000
-1000
fRˈ = TR fR
θ= 135 -0.707106781 0.7071067812 0
fRˈ = -0.7071067812 -0.707106781 0
cos(θ ) = -0.707106781 0 0 -0.707106781
sen(θ ) = 0.7071067812 0 0 -0.7071067812
1414.21
1414.21
fRˈ = 0.00 COMPRESION
-1414.21 1414.21
0.00
0 2
0 3
1 4
0 5
0 1
0 0
2 4
3 5
0
0
4
5
2
1
1
0
2
3
-0.00
-
-
24,748.74
94,748.74
-1.4793342E-06 0
-7.1428571E-06 2000
-1.4793342E-06 0
-8.6221913E-06 0
1.280638E-05 0
0
0
0.0142857143
0
0.0689775304
0.0142857143
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0.00
0.00
0.0546918161
0.0142857143
0.0142857143
0
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0
0
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0 -1000
0 -1000
0.7071067812 1000
0.707106781 1000
1414.21
0.0142857143
0
0.0689775304
0.0142857143
0 -1000
0 1000
0.7071067812 1000
-0.707106781 -1000
1414.21