Tugas Science

Name : Najmi Hasna Saniyyah Class : 5 A

MOSLEM SCIENTISTS

Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan / Father’s of Modern Chemistry ( 721 – 815 )
Jabir Ibn Hayyan is without any doubt one of the greatest Muslim scientists.
Holmyard legitimately names him ‘The Father of Chemistry’. According to
Holmyard, one of the fundamental aspects Jabir brought forward was the
development of the practical side of chemistry: performing
experiments. Experimenting separates science as practiced by Muslims
from the Ancient Greek tradition of speculation. Jabir emphasised the
importance of experimenting as follows: ‘The most essential in chemistry is
that you should perform practical work and conduct experiments, for he who
performs not practical work nor makes experiments will never attain the least
degree of mastery.
Ten centuries before John Dalton (a British physicist and chemist who
became known through his atom theory and molecule theory), Jabir created
the image of chemical bonds as a link between elements, in fact small
particles invisible to the naked eye. All without losing grasp of their original
characteristics.
Jabir also identified many new substances. It is often said he discovered
strong acids such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. These
discoveries are proven to be of great significance to modern chemistry,
becoming even essential to the chemical industry.
Tugas Science
Name : Najmi Hasna Saniyyah Class : 5 A

Ibn Sina (980 – 1037) / Father’s of Doctor

Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name
“Avicenna.” He is probably the most significant philosopher in the Islamic
tradition and arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era.
Ibn Sina is a famous Muslim scientist in the world. He is a scientist with clever
ideas underlying modern medical science. He is widely referred to as "The
Father of Modern Medicine." George Sarton calls it "The Most Renowned
Scientist of Islam and One of the Most Famous In All Fields of Places, and
Times." He was born in the golden age of Islamic civilization, so he is called
as the world Islamic figure.
Ibn Sina is also a prolific writer, most of his work deals with philosophy and
medicine. He is the only major philosophy in Islam that has built a complete
and detailed philosophical system, a system that has dominated Muslim
philosophical traditions for many centuries. His most famous works are The
Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, also known as Qanun used as
a Reference in medicine for centuries.
Tugas Science
Name : Najmi Hasna Saniyyah Class : 5 A

Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) / Father’s of Experimental Surgery ( 1091 – 1161 )

Abu Marwan Abdal Malik Ibn Zuhr also known as Avenzoar in the west, was
born in Seville (Spain) in 1091.Ibn Zuhr was one of the greatest physicians
and surgeons of the Muslim golden era, and is considered the father of
Experimental Surgery.
As a physician, he made several discoveries and breakthroughs. He was the
first physician to describe correctly the cause of scabies, and explained that
the disease is caused by some sort of parasite, thus he may be regarded as
the first parasitologist. Likewise, he developed a method of direct feeding
through the gullet in cases where normal feeding was not possible. He also
gave clinical descriptions of tumors, intestinal phthisis, inflammation of the
middle ear, etc.
Ibn Zuhr authored many other books related to medicine. Ibn Zuhrâ chief
contribution can be found in the monumental work Kitab al-Taisir fi al-
Mudawat wa al-Tadbir (Book of Simplification concerning Therapeutics and
Diet). In it, he described several original contributions he had made. The
book gives in detail pathological conditions, followed by therapy.
His book Kitab al-Iqtisad fi Islah al-Anfus wa al-Ajsad (Book of the Middle
Course Concerning the Reformation of Souls and Bodies) gives a summary
of diseases, therapeutics and hygiene, written especially for the benefit of
the layman and physician. His other book, Kitab al-Aghziya (Book on
Foodstuffs) describes different types of food and drugs and their effects on
health and the human body.
Tugas Science
Name : Najmi Hasna Saniyyah Class : 5 A