Crane Safety and

Awareness

Internal Use Only

 WPS Lifting Equipment Pull Testing
Policies and Procedures
• For safety reasons our customers are requiring stricter control
of lifting equipment certifications. As a company Halliburton
stresses safety as a daily practice.
• There are many types of equipment that will fall under the
category of “Lifting Equipment” in our operations. Listed below
are examples:
• Rig Up Equipment
• Lifting Slings
• Tool Lifting Caps

• Anything that is used as lifting equipment, used in lifting, or

that is lifted must be certified

Internal Use Only

Definition of Terms

• Maximum Working Tension: the maximum recommended

tension load applied on the wireline cable. The vendor’s
published information points us to 50% of the breaking
strength of a new line as the best general guideline for safe
pull on a cable.
• Working Load: the maximum allowable tension load that can
be placed on a piece of equipment.
• Hook Load: the load seen on the upstream side of a pulley
assembly. In our case it refers to the load above the top
sheave; twice that of the cable pull, as it crosses the sheave
wheel.

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Definition of Terms

• Proof Load: the amount of tension that is to be applied to the

Lifting Equipment, in test to re-certify it for another year of
service. The Proof Load is higher than the working load to
allow for the dynamic nature (rapidly changing or shock) of the
loads seen in actual operations versus the static nature of the
Proof Load testing.
• Safety Factor: the Proof Load / Working Load. For overhead
lifting equipment, this is a 4:1 factor.

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Definition of Terms

• Visual Inspection: lifting equipment should be visually

inspected any time it is used. It is recommended that this also
be performed on a monthly basis for seldom used equipment
and is mandatory during annual recertification.

 Visual inspection should include the inspection of the

labeling to ensure it is still within certification and the
certification and ratings are still legible on the tag.

Internal Use Only

Load Testing
• It is the responsibility of the field operations location to re-
certify lifting equipment on an annual basis.

• Re-certification must include a Proof Test, mechanical

inspection of assemblies for wear or corrosion, and test
documentation (certificate & tagging). Lifting equipment
assemblies shall be tested up to but not exceeding their Proof
Load.

• It is required that a non-destructive material testing (dye

penetrate or magnetic particle / MPI) be completed on all cast
components of the assemblies to check for cracks or
inclusions.

Internal Use Only

Load Test Color Coding
• Color coding is mandatory for any equipment that has been
annually certified.

• Halliburton’s color coding system will not override a customer

color code requirement. If any customer requires a color code
for annual certification identification their color code will take
precedence over the Halliburton color code.

• The main purpose of color coding is to make it easy to identify

whether a lifting device or lifting point is within requirements.
The colors selected should be easy to see day or night, and
should be visible for an operator of a crane or fork lift.

Internal Use Only

Load Test Color Coding
WPS Color Sequence for Annual Certification of Lifting Equipment

Fluorescent Light Blue Fluorescent Fluorescent

Yellow Orange Green
Or Or Or
Bright Yellow Bright Orange Bright Green

1st Half Even Years 2nd Half Even Years 1st Half Odd Years 2nd Half Odd Years
i.e. Jan – June 00, i.e. July – Dec 00, i.e. Jan – June 01, i.e. July – Dec 01,
02, 04, 06, 08 02, 04, 06, 08 03, 05, 07, 09 03, 05, 07, 09

1. The valid color code shall only be applied after satisfactory results of an inspection.
2. Other ways of color coding other than painting such as plastic, tags, etc. may be
required for polyester slings, items that get heavy use, etc.
3. Anything with an inspection interval different than one year should be identified
accordingly.
4. Customer Color Code requirements will take precedence over the Halliburton color
code.
5. Red Color Code will be used for equipment that is not fit for service.

Red is for
Equipment
that is Not Fit
for Service

Internal Use Only

 What Color would I use to identify a piece of Lifting
Hardware that was Tested on December 3, 2010?

1. Fluorescent Yellow 1

2. Light Blue
3. Fluorescent Orange
4. Fluorescent Green

0 0 0
1 2 3 4

Internal Use Only

 Hooks

Hooks MUST have a Safety Latch or Clip.

This Prevents the Hook from Twisting out
of the Device it is Attached to.

If a Hook does not have a Safety Clip, or the Clip

is Broken, DO NOT USE IT. Replace the Hook
or Have the Safety Clip Repaired

Internal Use Only

Visual Inspection of hooks

Internal Use Only

Visual Inspection of Hooks

Internal Use Only

 Inspection of Shackles

Do not use Shackles that don’t have Bolt \ Nut \ Safety Pin!
Only use Approved Shackles

Internal Use Only

 Tool Lifting Handcuffs

“This is the only Approved tool lifting chain device”

OEB 2002/058

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Clips
Saddle on Live or
Load side of Line
U-Bolt on
Dead or
Unloaded side
of the line

“Never Saddle a Dead Horse”

Internal Use Only

 Rig Up Equipment

Do not use Wire Rope Slings to tie off Sheave Wheels!

Only use Certified Load Tested Chains
http://halworld.corp.halliburton.com/internal/hms/wps/pubsdata/ST
-GL-HAL-WPS-421.pdf

Internal Use Only

 Hand Tools

Break Over Style Chain Binders are not Recommended

Internal Use Only

 Load Test Rating Tags

Make sure all chains, slings, clevises, sheave hangers, and

anything involved in wireline rig up has a load test rating
certification tag that is legible.
DO NOT USE ANY EQUIPMENT THAT IS NOT LEGIBLY TAGGED!

Internal Use Only

 Sheaves

Sheave Wheels
 Come in various diameters to Match different cables
 Inspected, Load Tested & Certified Annually

Internal Use Only

Sheaves

OEB - 2009/021

Internal Use Only

Sheave Wheel Hand Guard

OEB-2009/082

Internal Use Only

 Sheave Wheels

Groove too narrow Correct groove Groove too wide

Pinches cable Cable squashed
Cable well supported

Internal Use Only

Tool Lifting Caps

• All lifting caps must be certified annually with a proof test of

10,000lbs and a dye penetrant inspection on each cap. To
track the testing all caps must be serialized in each location.

Internal Use Only

Tool Lifting Caps

Internal Use Only

Pressure Gear Lifting Caps
• The recommended lifting devices for pressure control
equipment include lifting clamps, spreader bars, lifting caps
and slings of the proper size for the rig up hardware being
hoisted.
 Clamps and Spreader Bars are used to rig up lubricators on the
well site.
 Lifting Caps are used to move and rig up BOP and heavy cross
over adapters.
 All of these items must be certified and have original manufacturing
and testing documentation on file. This equipment must
successfully undergo a proof load test of 2 times the working load
rating prior to first entering service and must be subjected to visual
inspections before each use and annual certification to remain in
service. All lifting equipment must be clearly marked with a
permanent serialized part number and identified with the Working
Load Limit rating.

Internal Use Only

Pressure Gear Lifting Caps

Internal Use Only

 Boxes, Pallets, Skid Pad Eye
Inspection Criteria

• Inspect pad eye on offshore boxes, containers, pallets, skids

for the following:
 Check the tag for certification and load rating
 Wear
 Nicks, Cracks, Gouges
 Modifications

Internal Use Only

 Boxes, Pallets, Skid Pad Eye
Inspection Criteria

• All lifting containers must have the following:

 Be permanently marked with the maximum load capacity.
 Have clearly identified lifting points capable of handling the total
capacity of the load.
 Have machined pad eye or lifting points (not flame cut).
 Have undamaged lifting points or pad eyes.
 All pad eyes should be visually inspected before every use. In
addition, all pad eyes require and annual certification. Annual
certification includes a visual inspection, a load certification and an
MPI or dye penetrant.
 Each lifting point must carry the current corresponding color code.

Internal Use Only

 Boxes, Pallets, Skid Pad Eye
Inspection Criteria
• Lifting Container lift test procedure:
 A visual inspection will be carried out on the pad eyes and the
container being tested.
 Container shall be loaded to a total weight of the maximum load
capacity rating of the container and lifted using all the pad eyes.
 Test load should be evenly distributed inside the container.
 Container shall be lifted by a standard lifting set and should be
held, clear of the ground, throughout the test.
 The force should be applied using calibrated weights and lifting the
container by means of a suitable test rig or crane.
 The date of inspection should be indicated on the container
(preferably on a plate fitted specifically for this purpose).

Internal Use Only

Boxes, Pallets, Skid Pad Eye
Inspection Criteria

Internal Use Only

 Basic Sling Configuration

Nylon

Vertical Eye to Eye Vertical Basket Vertical Choker

1 Ton 2 Ton 75 to 80% of Vertical Hitch

Internal Use Only

 Synthetic Sling Inspection Criteria

• Inspect synthetic slings for the following:

 Check the tag for certification and load rating
 Acid or Caustic Burns
 Melting or Charring
 Holes, Cuts, Punctures, Crushed Fabric
 Tears, Snags
 Broken Stitches
 Worn Stitches
 Excessive Abrasion or Wear on webbing or fittings
 Knots
 Discoloration
 Anything that causes doubt to the continued use of the sling

Internal Use Only

 Synthetic Sling Inspection Criteria

• Additional requirements for synthetic web slings include:

 Each sling must be clearly marked to show the rated capacities for
each type of hitch, web material and manufacturer.
 Slings must contain web that is of uniform thickness and width, and
the edges must not be split from the webbing width and must not
be unraveling.
 Fittings must be free of all sharp edges that could damage the
webbing and must me of a minimum breaking strength equal to that
of the sling.
 Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to
webbing and to form eyes.
 Nylon and polyester slings must not be used at temperatures above
200 deg F.

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
 Steel Chain Inspection Criteria

 Bent Links
 Cracks in Welded Areas, Shoulders, or any other section
of the link.
 Excess wear in the Bearing Surface of the Link.
 Transverse Nicks and Gouges.
 Corrosion Pits
 Stretching Caused by Overloading.
 Increase in reach of the Sling as compared to its
Original Length

Internal Use Only

 Steel Chain Inspection Criteria

“A Chain is only as Strong as its Weakest Link”

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Slings
• Inspect wire rope slings for the following:
 Check the tag for certification and load rating
 Kinking, crushing or other damage that results in detrimental
distortion of the rope structure
 Bird caging
 Unstranding
 Unlaying or opening up of a tucked splice
 Strand Displacement
 Core Protrusion form an opening between strands
 Any marked reduction in diameter wither along the entire main
length or in one section
 Corrosion
 Wear or scraping of one-third the original diameter of outside
individual wires

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Slings

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Slings

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Removal

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Removal

Internal Use Only

Wire Rope Removal

Internal Use Only

 Calculating Sling Loads

5.656 ft

4 ft

Load Angle Factor = Sling Leg Length Height from Pick Point
Load x Load Angle Factor Number of Sling Legs = Tension in Each Sling Leg

Internal Use Only

 Length/Height = Load Angle Factor L/H = 8/6 = 1.3
L/H = Load Angle Factor (10,000 x 1.3)/2
13,000/2
6 ft 6500 lbs Tension
L/H = 8/4 = 2 L/H = 8/5 = 1.6
(10,000 x 2)/2 (10,000 x 1.6)/2
20,000/2 8 ft
5 ft
16,000/2
10,000 lbs Tension 8000 lbs Tension
8 ft
8 ft
8 ft

4 ft
4 ft

10,000 lbs

10,000 lbs

(Load x Load Angle Factor)/Number of Sling Legs = Tension in each Sling Leg

Internal Use Only

 Effect of Sling Angle
22050
Halliburton Best Practices
Tension in Pounds

Minimum Sling Angle 17152

14392
12731
11025 11195 11733

90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Degree of Angle

As the sling angle decreases towards the horizontal

the stress applied to the sling increases.
“The minimum angle allowed is 30 ”

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only
Man \ Aerial Lift

Internal Use Only

 Man \ Aerial Lift

• Requires Orientation Course Including Hands on

Exercise and Skills Test

• Employee’s are Not to Operate Man \ Aerial Lifts Prior

to Qualification and Authorization

Internal Use Only

 Dropped Object Statistics

• Every 3.6 Dropped Object Incidents = 1 Injury

• Every 26 Dropped Object Incidents = 1 Fatality

Internal Use Only

 What is a Crane?

• A crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with a

winch, wire rope and sheaves that can be used both to
lift and lower materials \ objects and to move them
horizontally.
• It uses one or more simple machines to create a
mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond
the normal capability of a human.

Internal Use Only

 Boom Trucks
Telescopic Boom Sections

Load Line
Base (Heel) Section
Load Handling
Device Center of
Rotation
Various Parts of Winch
Turret
the Hydraulic Optional
Mobile Crane or Boom rest Front
Boom Truck Crane Boom lift Cylinder Stabilizer
Operator
Controls

Outrigger

Internal Use Only

 Crane Configuration
Boom Length illustrated Boom Angle is
with the green line is represented with the
measured from the Boom blue lines and is the
Hinge Pin to the Center of Angle of the Main
the Boom Tip Sheave Boom as compared to
Horizontal
Boom Angle is read
from the Boom Angle
Load Radius shown here Indicator on the side of
with red lines is the the boom
Distance Measured
Horizontally from the
Center of Rotation to the
Center of Gravity of the
Load

Internal Use Only

 Center of Gravity

The point on the load where the load is distributed evenly.

Internal Use Only

 Center of Gravity & Center of Balance

The point on the load where the load is distributed evenly in all directions

The balancing point on an object

Internal Use Only

Crane Leverage & Tipping Fulcrum

Internal Use Only

Area of Operation
(360 Degrees Chart)

Internal Use Only

 Lift Planning

Questions that must be answered prior to

making a lift:

 What is the surface that the crane will be setup on?

 Will you be able to level the crane properly?

 Are there environmental concerns effecting this lift?

Internal Use Only

 Lift Planning Continued

 What is the longest radius that will be reached?

 What is the heaviest load that will be lifted?

 What is the Crane manufacturer’s rated load

capacity?

 What percent of rated capacity will be utilized?

 Will this become a Critical Lift?

Internal Use Only

 Critical Lift Criteria

 Weight of the Load exceeds 80% of the cranes

capacity
 Complexity of the Lift “line of sight issues, multiple
cranes, etc.”
 Consequences of failure “loss of life, monetary
value, etc.”

Internal Use Only

 Load Handling Devices

Load Block or Hook Block Headache Ball,

Overhaul Ball or
Downhaul Weight

Internal Use Only

 Required Information for Rigging
Hardware

 Weight

 Rated Capacity

 Manufacturer

Internal Use Only

 Rigging Safety Guidelines

 Know the Weight of the Load

 Know the Center of Gravity of the Load
 Make Load Attachment Above Center of Gravity
 Know Rated Capacities of Slings and Rigging Gear
 Inspect All Rigging Gear Prior to Use
 Protect Slings from Sharp Edges
 Allow for Increased Tension Caused by Sling Angle
 Attach Tag Line Prior to Lift

Internal Use Only

 Rigging Safety Guidelines

 Keep Personnel Clear of Lift Area

 Lift Load a Few Inches and Re-Check Rigging
 Know Limitations of Rigging Gear
 Start and Stop Slowly
 Watch for Obstructions and Power Lines
 Use Proper Hand Signals
 Maintain Load Control
 Do Not Forget the Law of Gravity

Internal Use Only

 Operational Aides
Anti-Two-Block Load Moment Indicator Boom Angle Indicator

Level Indicator

Internal Use Only

 Anti-Two Block
Anti-Two-Block Alarm
The Anti-two block
Sensors switch prevents a two
block condition by
limiting the following
crane functions:
A two block
condition is 1. Hoist up
when the load
handling 2. Boom extension
device
contacts the 3. Boom down
boom tip. “depending on
crane configuration
or manufacturer
specifications”
Weight

Internal Use Only

Load Moment Indicator

Internal Use Only

Boom Angle Indicator

Internal Use Only

Level Indicator

Internal Use Only

 Changes in Load Radius

Low side Longer Radius High side Shorter Radius

Increase in Load Radius Decrease in Load Radius

Internal Use Only

Changes in Load Radius
(Load Swing)

Internal Use Only

 Changes in Load Radius

Possible Capacity Loss When Out of Level

Boom Length and Radius Degree out of Level

1 2 3

Short Boom, Maximum Radius 10% 20% 30%

Short Boom, Minimum Radius 8% 15% 20%

Long Boom, Maximum Radius 30% 41% 50%

Long Boom, Minimum Radius 5% 10% 15%

Internal Use Only

Outriggers and Ground Conditions

Crane was tipped with an Unloaded Boom

“notice that outriggers were down, but not extended”

Internal Use Only

Outriggers and Ground Conditions

Outriggers are down but not extended

Internal Use Only

Outriggers and Ground Conditions

Internal Use Only

Outriggers and Ground Conditions

Internal Use Only

Safe Operating Practice

Internal Use Only

Side Loading

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
 Hand Signals

A Stop Signal Shall be Obeyed by the Operator

Regardless of who Gives it.

“Whether Verbal or Hand Signal”

Internal Use Only

 Hand Signals

Signals Shall be Discernable at ALL Times.

“No Response Shall be Mad Unless Signals” are

Clearly Understood

Internal Use Only

 Hand Signals

All Directions Given to the Crane Operator by the

Signal Person Shall be Given from the Crane
Operators Direction Perspective

Internal Use Only

Hand Signals

Internal Use Only

Hand Signals

Internal Use Only

Environmental Effects

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
 Working Near Power Lines
The preferred condition under which the operation can be performed is if the hazard of
injury or death due to electrocution has been removed.

The following steps shall be taken to assure de - energization of the power lines:

 The power company or owner of the power lines shall de-energize the lines.

 The lines shall be visibly grounded to avoid electrical feedback and appropriately
marked at jobsite location.

 A qualified representative of the owner of the lines or a designated representative

of the electrical utility shall be on the site to verify that all steps have been
completed and that the lines are not energized.

 Durable signs shall be installed at the operator’s station and on the outside of the
crane warning that electrocution or serious bodily injury may occur unless minimum
clearances, as specified in Table 2 are maintained between the crane or the load
being handled and energized power lines.

Internal Use Only

 Lighting

Crane operations should cease in advance of storm nearing the area where
crane operations are being conducted.

The load should be landed, boom retracted and placed back into the boom rest.

As a best practice you may resume work 30 minutes after the electrical storm has passed.

Internal Use Only

Wind

Internal Use Only

Wet and Boggy

Internal Use Only

 Cold Weather

Crane Operations should be shut-down at - 40°F

Internal Use Only

Manufacturer

Internal Use Only

Crane Inspection Form

Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only