B/Z

哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司指导性技术文件
Harbin Turbine Company Limited
Guiding Technical Document
B/Z44.5-2008

汽轮机转子高速动平衡
High Speed Dynamic Balancing for Rotor of Steam Turbine

2008—05—17 发布 2008—05—20 实施
Issued on 2005-05-17 Implemented on 2008-05-20
哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 发布
Issued by Harbin Turbine Company Limited
B/Z44.5-2008
前 言
Preface

本标准根据 B/Z44.5-98《汽轮机转子高速动平衡》而修订的，主要是
对公式书写错误进行了修正。主要参考由西屋带回的动平衡资料
Ps 84351QH Low & high speed balance &
Overspeed test of steam turbine rotors
in vacuum spin test Facility.Rev.3 07/03/96
This standard is the revised edition of B/Z44.5-98 High Speed
Dynamic Balancing for Rotor of Steam Turbine, the main purpose of this
revised edition is to revise the mistake of formula writing from referencing
the dynamic balancing document of Westinghouse Company.
公司生产的功率 300MW 等级及以上机组的汽轮机转子高速动平衡
时，可同时测量轴承振动和轴的绝对振动，本标准暂规定轴承振动和轴
的绝对振动均可作为动平衡精度的评定值。
For the high speed dynamic balancing for rotor of steam turbine with
capacity above 300MW manufactured by HTC, the bearing vibration and
absolute vibration of shaft can be measured at the same time, this standard
prescribes temporarily that both bearing vibration and absolute vibration of
shaft can be used at the evaluating value of dynamic balance accuracy.
本标准从实施之日起，同时代替 B/Z44.5-1998。
Once this standard is implemented, it will take place of B/Z44.5-1998.
本标准由技术管理处归口。
This standard is controlled by Technology Management Department.
本标准起草单位：研究院
Drafted by: Research Institute
编 制：刘书秀
Prepared by: Liu Shuxiu
校 对；初丽辉
Checked by: Chu Lihui
审 核：赵彤军
Reviewed by: Zhao Tongjun
标准审查：李景滨
Standardization checked by: Li Jingbin
审 定：李毅刚
Accepted by: Li Yigang

本标准归哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司（HTC ）所有。未经HTC
授权，不得擅自复制，不得向第三方转让、披露及提供。违者必究。
This standard is property of HTC. It is forbidden to reproduce, transfer
disclose or supply to the third party without authorization of HTC.

B/Z44.5-2008
汽轮机转子高速动平衡
High Speed Dynamic Balancing for Rotor of Steam Turbine
1 范围

本标准规定了汽轮机转子高速动平衡和超速试验中的工装设计、平
衡设备运转方式、转子最终不平衡状态的评定，以及平衡对转子设计、制
造方面的要求。
This standard prescribes fixture design of turbine rotor for high speed
balancing and over speed test, operation mode of balance equipment,
evaluation of final unbalance of rotor, and the requirements to rotor design,
manufacture.
本标准适用于本公司生产的内重心式汽轮机转子，其它旋转机械的
内重心式转子亦可参照使用。
This standard applies to steam turbine rotor with gravity within span
manufactured by HTC, and this also can be referred for other rotating body
with gravity within span.
2 规范性引用文件
Applicable Standard
下列文件中的条款通过本标准中的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是
注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括堪误的内容）或修订
版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否
可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适
用于本标准。
The following documents shall form an integral part of this standard to
the extent specified herein. Any succeeding amendment (except for contents
of corrigenda) or revisions of these documents with issue date are not
applicable to this specification. However, It’s encouraged to study the
availability of the latest issue of these documents for the parties which have
reached an agreement according to this specification. For the documents
without issue date, their latest issue is applicable to this specification.
ISO1940-1 机械振动 稳态(刚性)转子的平衡精度要求
ISO1940-1 Mechanical vibration—requirements of stable (rigid) rotor
balance quality
GB/T2298 (ISO 2041-1990) 机械振动、冲击名词术语
GB/T2298 (ISO 2041-1990) Nomenclatures of mechanical vibration and
impact
GB6557(idt ISO 11342：1998) 挠性转子的机械平衡
GB6557(idt ISO 11342：1998) mechanical balance of flexible rotor
3 名词术语
Nomenclature
3.1 刚性转子
Rigid rotor
在转子支承条件接近实际工作条件时，可以在转子的一个或任意选
定的两个平面上进行平衡校正，且校正之后，该转子在直至最高工作转
速的任意转速时的不平衡量均不明显超过允许值，这样的转子称为刚性
转子。
When the supporting condition of rotor is close to the working condition,
the balance correction can be done on one or any two planes of rotor, and
after correction, the unbalance of this rotor is not obviously beyond the
allowable value when it is at any speed, such rotor can be called rigid rotor.
3.2 挠性转子
Flexible rotor
工作转速接近或高于转子第一弯曲临界转速的转子，它不满足刚性
转子定义。
It is defined as the flexible rotor whose working speed close to or higher than
first bending critical speed and which does not satisfy the definition of rigid
rotor.
3.3 低速平衡（对挠性转子而言）
Low speed balancing (for flexible rotor)
被平衡的挠性转子在它能被视为刚性转子的转速下进行的平衡过程。
It is defined as the balancing process for flexible rotor at a speed when the
flexible rotor can be Balanced as a rigid rotor.
3.4 高速平衡（对挠性转子而言）
High speed balance (for flexible rotor)
被平衡的挠性转子在它不能被视为刚性转子的转速下所进行的平衡
过程（此时，平衡转速一般为工作转速）。
It is defined as the balancing process for flexible rotor at a speed when
the flexible rotor can be Balanced as a rigid rotor (generally，at this time, the
balancing speed is the working speed).
3.5 内重心式转子
Rotor with gravity within span
重心在两轴颈之间的双支承转子。
It is defined as two-bearing rotor with the gravity between two journals
3.6 不平衡响应
Unbalance response
在给定的转速下，由转子不平衡引起的转子一支承系统的参数，如
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B/Z44.5-2008
转子或轴承座的振动，支承反力，油膜压力等的变化。
It is defined as the change of parameters of one support system at specific
speed resulted from rotor unbalance, such as vibration of rotor or bearing
pedestal, support reaction, oil film pressure, etc.
3.7 不平衡灵敏度
Unbalance sensitivity
在给定的转速和测量位置，当给定平面上的不平衡量改变时会引起
振动矢量的变化。振动矢量变化量与不平衡变化量之比称为不平衡灵敏
度。
At specific speed and measuring position, the vibration vector varies as the
unbalance on the given plane changes. The ratio between vibration vector
variation and unbalance variation is called unbalance sensitivity.
3.8 第 N 阶振型不平衡量
Unbalance for vibration mode in order N
只对转子一支承系统第 N 阶主振型起作用的不平衡量。
It is defined as the unbalance of rotor-bearing system for vibration mode
of order N.
3.9 初始不平衡量
Initial unbalance
平衡前转子上存在的不平衡量。
It is defined as the unbalance existing on rotor before balance.
3.10 允许不平衡
Allowable unbalance
为保证旋转机械正常工作所允许的剩余不平衡量的最大值。
It is defined as the max. allowable residual unbalance for ensuring the
normal operation of rotating machinery.
3.11 允许不平衡振动
Allowable unbalance vibration
为保证旋转机械正常工作所允许的转子平衡后的轴承（或轴）振动
的最大值。
It is defined as the max. allowable vibration of bearing (or shaft) after
rotor is balanced for ensuring the normal operation of rotating machinery.
3.12 制造厂内平衡平面
Balance plane at shop
转子设计规定的制造厂内动平衡时使用的平面。
It is defined as the plane used to do dynamic balancing in HTC as
specified in rotor design.
3.13 现场平衡平面
Balance plane at site
转子设计规定的用于机组现场平衡的平面。
It is defined as the plane used to do balance at site as specified in rotor
design.
现场平衡平面应力求使汽轮机组可不揭缸进行转子不平衡质量校正。
For the balance plane at site, the unbalance of rotor can be corrected
without opening the casing of turbine unit.
3.14 脆性转变温度
Fracture-Arrest Transition Temperature
金属材料在某温度区的抗断裂性能随温度降低而大幅度降低，其韧
性断裂百分比下降,脆性断裂百分比增加。一般，将韧性断裂为 50%时的
温度称为脆性转变温度（F.A.T.T）。
The anti-fracture property of metal material will greatly reduce as the
temperature decreases in a certain temperature zone, and the percentage of
ductile fracture can be reduced. The percentage of brittle fracture grows.
Normally, the temperature at which the ductile fracture is 50% is called
fracture-arrest transition temperature (FA T T).
3.15 无韧性转变温度
Nil ductility transition temperature
金属材料完全呈脆性断裂时的温度（NDT）。
It is defined as the temperature at which the metal material is in completely
brittle fracture condition (NDT).
3.16 轴承振动
Bearing vibration
在轴承上测得的振动。本标准规定轴承振动以振动速度的均方根值
表示，单位 mm/s。
It is defined the vibration measured on bearing. This standard prescribes
that the bearing vibration is denoted by means of square root of vibration
velocity, in mm/s.
3.17 轴振动
Shaft vibration
在转子轴颈测得的轴的振动。轴振动又分为轴的绝对振动和轴相对于轴
承的相对振动。其单位为 mm。
It is defined as the vibration of shaft measured at journal. The vibration can be
divided into absolute vibration and relative vibration of shaft to bearing. The
unit is in mm.
3.18 工频振动
Power frequency vibration
频率与旋转速度相同的振动，即转子振动频谱中以旋转速度为其振
动频率的振动分量。
It is defined as the vibration whose frequency is same as rotation speed,
i.e. in vibration frequency spectrum, the rotating speed is a vibration
component of vibration frequency.
4 转子动平衡的基本理论
Basic theory of rotor dynamic balancing
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B/Z44.5-2008
4.1 汽轮机转子动平衡的动力学原理
Dynamic principle of rotor balancing of steam turbine
4.1.1 转子平衡的理想状态是使转子达到完全的质量平衡。但是，不平衡
量分布是随机的，结构尺寸相同的转子其不平衡量分布可能相似，却很
难相同，不平衡量的分布和大小是无法测量的。
The perfect state of rotor balancing is to make completely mass balance of
rotor. However, the distribution of unbalance is at random, the unbalance
distribution of rotors with same structure and dimension may be similar but
are not exactly same, and the distribution and amount of unbalance is unable
to measure.
我们所能测量和消除的只是各不平衡响应：（如：力、振动值等）。
What we can measure and eliminate is only the unbalance response:
(such as force, vibration value)
4.1.2 就刚性转子而言，平衡的目的是消除转子的力不平衡(静不平衡)和
力矩不平衡（动不平衡），使其轴承力降低或消除，其平衡效果与转速
无关。
Take rigid rotor as an example, the aim of balancing is to eliminate the
unbalance of force (static unbalance) and moment (dynamic unbalance) of
rotor and to reduce or eliminate the bearing force. And the balance effect has
nothing to do with speed.
4.1.3 对于挠性转子来讲，不平衡量的分布比对挠性转子具有更重要的意
义。转子的平衡状态随转速而变化。这种情况使平衡技术复杂化，挠性转
子动平衡理论也因此发展起来。
For flexible rotor, the distribution of unbalance is more important than rigid
rotor. The balancing state of rotor can vary as speed changes. And this
situation makes the balance technique more complex, and the dynamic
balance theory of flexible rotor consequently develops.
4.1.4 挠性转子动平衡的方法很多。但主要是影响系数法和振型平衡法。
振型平衡法又有 N 法和 N+2 法之分。本厂一般采用影响系数和 N+2 振型
平衡法相结合的方法。
There are many methods for dynamic balancing of flexible rotor. But the main
methods are influence coefficient technique and vibration mode balancing
technique. Vibration mode balancing technique is divided into N method and
N+2 method. Our company usually adopts the influence coefficient technique
combined with N+2 vibration mode balancing technique.
4.1.4.1 影响系数法原理
Concept of Influence coefficient technique
 被平衡转子平衡平面数 q
Number of balancing plane on balanced rotor is “q”
测量转速数 m
Measured speed is “m”
测量点数 n
Number of measuring point n
测量参数总数 P=m·n
The total amount of measured parameter will be: P=m·n
影响系数 The influence coefficient
r r
r VkL -Vk0
a kL = r （1）
gL
式中：
Where:
r
gL ——在 L 平面施加之试重；
added weight at L plane
r r
VkL ——在 L 平面施加试重 gL 后测得的第 K 个振动参数；
The Kth vibration parameter measured after adding weight at L plane
r
Vk0 ——未加试重前测得的第 K 个振动参数，根据线性理论则有：
The Kth vibration parameter measured before adding weight. According
to the linearity theory:
r r r r r r r r
Vk0 + a11B1 +L + a1L BL +L +a1q Bq = R1
M M M M M
r0 r r r r r r r
Vk + a K1B1 +L +a KL BL +L +a Kq Bq = R K （2）
M M M M M
r0 r r r r r r r
VP + a P1B1 +L +a PL BL +L + a Pq Bq = R P
3
B/Z44.5-2008
式中：
Where:
r
BL ——L 平面校正量；BL is the correction value at L plane

r
R K ——第 K 个测量参数残余振动矢量。
the Kth measured parameter’s residual vibration vector
写成矩阵
While written in matrix is as follows:
{ V} + { A} { B} ={ R} （3）
若 P=q，令{R}=0 校正质量组为：
the correction mass group is
 -1
{ B} = �
A�
� � { -V} （4）
r
( )
2
若 P＞q 则要求 �R K = min

If P＞q and ∑（RK）2=min is required, so：

P r
��
( )
2�
即 �� R K �= 0 （5）
�
BL �
�K=1
�
�

L=1……………………q
由此解得校正质量
Therefore the correction mass is obtained as follows:
-1
� T �
{ B} { V}
T
= ��
A�
� � A�
�
� � A�
� �
� � （6）
�
4.1.4.2 N+2 振型平衡法，平衡条件为：
N+2 vibration mode balancing technique, the balancing piece is:
r q r
U( z ) dz + �BK = 0
� （7）
L K=1
r q r
U ( z ) zdz + �BKz K = 0
� （8）
L K=1
r r q r
r
�( z ) r( z)
Uφdz �
+Bφ0
K=1
K r( z ) =
K
（9）
L
式中：
Where:
U ( z ) ——不平衡分布函数；

U（E） is unbalancing distributing function

φzr ( ) ——r=1………n 各阶主振型函数；

function of main vibration modes
r ——主振型阶次；
the order of main vibration mode
zK ——K 平面轴向坐标。
the axis coordinate of K plane
4.1.5 振型平衡法与影响系数法相结合，将平衡者的转子动力学知识、判
断力、洞察力与现代计算机技术结合起来，以弥补忽略高阶振型，忽略
系统非线性和忽略系统阻尼所带来的误差。
The combination of vibration mode balancing technique with influence
coefficient technique allows to eliminate the errors caused by ignoring of high
order of vibration mode, system non-linearity and system damping through
combining the knowledge of rotor dynamics, judgment ability and
discernment ability of balancer with modern computer technology.
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B/Z44.5-2008
4.1.6 汽轮发电机组是一种多转子轴系。每根单转子都有自己的临界转速，
振型和响应特性。各转子联接起来之后，汽轮发电机组轴系也将有自己
的各阶临界转速，振型和响应特性。这些特性不同于联接前单转子的特
性，其间也不是一种简单的关系。因此，在进行转子厂内高速动平衡时，
必须考虑单个转子厂内动平衡时和轴系电站运行时转子动态特性的差异
（如：采取提高转子平衡精度，慎重进行外伸端平衡等措施），保证机
组在电站平稳运行。
Turbine-generator unit has a multi-rotor shafting. Every single rotor has its
own critical speed, vibration mode and response characteristics. After all
rotors connected together, the shafting of turbine-generator unit also has its
own critical speed, vibration mode and response characteristics. These
characteristics are different with those of single rotor before connecting, and
the relationship between them is also not simple. So during rotor balancing in
the shop, it’s required consider single rotor that its dynamic characteristic’s
difference from that of shafting of the unit operating at station （ e.g.
improving balance accuracy of rotor, carefully taking of overhang end
balancing and so on）, to ensure the balancing during operation of unit.
5 平衡工装设计及测量设备：
Balancing process equipment design and measuring equipment
5.1 转子动平衡量支承条件要与机组运行时的支承条件相似，从而保证
平衡效果在实际运行中不致发生过大变化，保证机组振动状况良好。
The supporting condition for dynamic balancing of rotor should be similar as
that during operating of unit to ensure no excessive change of balancing effect
during actual operation, so as to ensure the satisfied vibration state of unit.
5.1.1 平衡时所用轴承要尽量按产品轴承的主要尺寸质量，刚度进行复制。
若使用与产品轴承结构不同的平衡用轴承，也要保证平衡时转子-轴承轴
系的动力学特性和产品中与之相应的动力学特性相似。
The bearing used in balancing should be duplicated as possible to that of
product in aspects of main size, mass and stiffness. If there is some difference
in structure between them, it shall be ensured that dynamic characteristics of
rotor-shafting and product must be similar.
5.1.2 平衡用轴承需保证在高速动平衡和超速试验转速范围内不发生明显
的转子涡动以致失稳，确保试验数据测量准确和试验设备及测量设备安
全。必要时设计部门应对新产品、新结构进行动静特性计算。
The bearing used in balancing should ensure no obvious rotor whirl, even
unstability occurring in the speed range for high dynamic balancing and
overspeed test, and the measuring accuracy of test data and the safety of doth
test and measuring equipment. The static and dynamic characteristics should
be calculated to new designed product by design department, if necessary.
5.2 转子与动平衡机之间应尽量采用万向节直接联接方式，需设计专用
联接工装时，应在保证满足强度要求的前提下使其尺寸尽可能的小。联
接件应与转子同轴，采用轴对称结构。通过这些措施使联接件自身平衡
状态良好以限制其对转子平衡状态的影响。
Direct connection should be adopted as possible between rotor and dynamic
balancing machine through universal coupling. In case it’s required to design
special connecting device, its dimension should be as smaller as possible in
the premise of ensuring the strength requirement. The connecting piece
should be of rotational symmetrical structure and coaxial to the rotor. These
measurements allow to make connecting piece itself balancing and limit its
influence to rotor balancing state.
必要时，须对联接件进行专门平衡,其最大残余不平衡量为：
If necessary, the connecting piece should be specially balanced
211.667 *WT
MRU =
N
其中
Where:
MRU——最大残余不平衡量，g–mm；
MRU——max. residual unbalancing, g–mm
WT ——转动件重量，㎏；
WT ——weight of rotating part, kg
N ——转速，rpm。
N ——speed, rpm
5.3 用于评价转子动平衡精度的轴承振动传感器或轴振动传感器应尽量
靠近轴承安装。测量仪器应能区分工频分量和其它振动分量。测量仪器传
感器和相应测量部位状态应符合有关技术要求，杜绝其它因素引起的振
动干扰。
Bearing vibration sensor or shafting vibration sensor which is used for
evaluating the dynamic balancing accuracy of rotor should be set as close to
bearing as possible. Measuring instrument should be able to distinguish the
working frequency component from the other vibration component. The state
of measuring sensor and corresponding measuring place should accord with
related technical requirement to avoid vibration interference caused by the
other factor.
6 动平衡设备运转方式
Operation mode of dynamic balancing equipment
6.1 常温下运转
Operation at normal temperature
6.1.1 任何转子都不应在温度低于转子材料的无韧性转变温度 NDT 的条
件下运转。此要求对寒冷季节(特别对汽轮机高、中压转子)有特殊的意
5
B/Z44.5-2008
义。
Any rotor is not allowed to operate in the condition with temperature under
non-toughness transition temperature NDT of rotor material. This requirement
has special meaning for cold season (especial for HP/IP rotors of steam
turbine).
6.1.2 若 转 子 由 温 度 低 于 15℃ 的 室 外 进 入 试 验 室 ， 则 转 子 在 旋 转 至
600rpm 以上之前，应在 20ºC 或 20ºC 以上环境中停留如下规定时间，保
证转子温度满足要求。
If the rotor just gets into test chamber from outside with temperature below
15℃, it should rotate to speed at least 600 rpm and stay indoor with
temperature 20ºC or above at least for specified hours to meet the requirement
for rotor temperature.
室外温度(℃) 停留时间(小时)
Outdoor temperature (℃) dwell time (hour)
7 24
-1 38
-18 52
6.1.3 转子在常温下（＞NDT）所能达到的最高转速应根据转子的材料状
况，应力状态及规定的循环周次并考虑一定的安全裕量决定之。
The maximum speed of rotor reaching at normal temperature （ ＞
NDT）should be determined according to the status of rotor material, stress
states and specified cycle number with consideration of certain safety margin.
6.2 振动限制
Vibration limitation
基于以往工程实践，对动平衡和超速试验过程设置了以下短期振动
限制值,操作者还应考虑转子重量,类似转子的过去的经验以及摆架力测
量数据综合判断何时应该采取停止运转等措施。
Based on formal engineering experiences, the following short-time
vibration limitation valve is set for dynamic balancing and overspeed test, the
operator shall consider rotor weight, similar rotor experience and pedestal
support measured data to determine when the rotating shall be stopped.
转速 振动限制
Speed vibration limitation
(r/min) (轴承振动速度的均方根值 mm/s)
(r/min) (root mean square of bearing vibration speed mm/s)
低于 2/3 额定转速 ≤4.6
Lower than 2/3 rated speed ≤4.6
大于 2/3 额定转速 ≤7.1
Greater than 2/3 rated speed ≤7.1
若振动引起设备或转子的非正常共振, 操作者应改变转速或改变摆
架刚度以消除共振,还应监测非工频频率的振动以确定是否有油膜振荡等
非正常共振。
If vibration causes abnormal resonance of equipment or rotor, the
operator shall change speed or change rigid of pedestal support to eliminate
resonance, and monitor the vibration of non-working frequency to ensure
whether there is abnormal resonance such as oil film vibration.
6.3 转子需进行超速试验时，超速时间不得超过 2 分钟（图纸上有特殊
规定，按该规定执行）。超速有可能使转子的低速平衡状态发生变化﹔
若变化显著,在进一步高速运转之前需重复低速平衡。
When it is required to do overspeed test of rotor, the overspeed time shall not
exceed 2 min (if there is special requirement in drawing, perform as required).
The overspeed may cause change the low speed balance of rotor, if it change a
lot, another low speed test shall be done before high speed rotation.
6.4 在动平衡机与被平衡转子之间联接螺栓强度允许的条件下，转子应
以某一适当的加速度(确保不淹没振动峰值)通过临界转速、并记录振动峰
值。
On condition that the strength of connection bolts between dynamic balancing
machine and balanced rotor is enough, the rotor shall rise speed at proper rate
(ensure that vibration peak value is obvious) to pass critical speed and
vibration peak value shall be recorded.
6.5 速动平衡过程使用计算机程序进行计算,以降低额定转速、各临界转速
下的振动为目标,使之满足 7.3 的要求。
The aim of high speed dynamic balancing which calculated by computer is to
decrease the vibration of rated speed and each critical speed to make it satisfy
requirement of 7.3.
6.6 平衡块的固定和合并
Fixing and combination of balance weight
转子各平衡平面之平衡块在最终运转以前须进行合并、固定,使平衡
块实际重量为最小。
Before final running, the balancing weights on each balancing plane of
rotor shall be combined and fixed to make minimum actual weight of balance
weight.
使用平衡螺塞的机组,每一平面的最大允许螺塞数如下表：
For the max. No. of plugs used for each plane for unit which uses
balance plug, refer to the following table:
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B/Z44.5-2008
平面上螺孔数目 最大允许螺塞总数 允许连续螺塞数
Bolt hole No. on plane Max. allowable plug No. allowable continuous
plug No.
20 6 4
24 7 5
28 8 5
30 8 6
32 9 6
34 9 6
36 10 7
40 11 7
与此相比照,使用燕尾槽平衡块的机组,每一平面的最大允许平衡块
总重量相当于弧度为 90º 的平衡块的重量,允许连续平衡块弧度数为 60º
合并、固定后,低速动平衡读数变化不超过每端面 200g-m。即最终每端面
的不平衡量与(符合图纸规定或符合 7.3.1.1 节式 11 计算规定的)低速平衡
每端面不平衡量的矢量差不大于 200g-m 合并、固定后,转子必须运转以
确定合并、固定的有效性。
Comparing with this, for the unit using dovetail groove balance weight
that the total weight of max. allowable balance weight for each plane is
equivalent to the weight of balance weight with 90º radian. The low speed
dynamic balancing reading does not change exceed 200g-m for each plane
after combination and fixing with the allowable continuous balance weight
reading being 60º. That is the vector difference between final unbalance
weight and unbalance weight of each plane for low speed dynamic balancing
(which meet requirements of drawing or calculation in formula 11 of 7.3.1.1)
is not greater than 200g-m, after combination and fixing, the rotor must
running to make sure the effect of combination and fixing.
6.7 转子必须执行在额定转速运行 10 分钟,最终运转以校核其数据的稳定
性,最终运转当然也必须在临界转速、额定转速振动满足 7.3 节的要求之
后。
Rotor must rotate for ten minutes at rated speed, the final running is used to
check stability of data. And of course, the final running must be done under
the condition that the critical speed and rated speed meet requirement of 7.3.
7 平衡精度要求
Requirement for balancing accuracy
7.1 转子高速动平衡的最终目的是保证汽轮发电机组在电站的良好运行。
在公司内平衡过程中重视公司内平衡时与电站运行时运转条件的差别，
并予以预先考虑是十分必要的。因此，平衡人员必须尽力掌握转子生产
过程中发生的影响转子平衡状态的（尽管它们并不影响转子强度，使用
性能等）所有信息并在平衡过程中予以适当处理。对于转子之间采用刚
性联轴器的机组，在公司内对单转子进行平衡时，不可在外伸端平衡转
子本体的大的不平衡，也不可在本体部分去平衡外伸部分的大的不平衡。
经验已经证明这一原则的合理性。
The finally aim of dynamic balancing at high speed for the rotor is to ensure
the well operation of turbine-generator unit in power station. During
balancing in shop of company, it’s necessary to pay more attention to and
consider in advance its difference from the operation condition at power
station. So the balancer must try his best to grasp all information which occur
during production process of rotor and have influence on rotor balance state
(although have not influence on the rotor strength and application
performance and etc). For the unit with rigid couplings adopted between
rotors, during balancing the individual rotor in shop of company, it’s not
allowed to compensate the big unbalance of rotor body portion at its overhang
end or the big unbalance of overhang end at rotor body portion. The
reasonableness of this principle has been proved through experience.
7.2 转子平衡精度评定对相关条件的规定
The regulation for relative external condition shall be made by the evaluation
for balance accuracy of rotor.
7.2.1 摆架支座刚度
Rigidity of pedestal support
评定转子动平衡所达到的平衡精度的转子轴承或轴振动数据一般应
在不投入附加刚度装置时测得。仅在电站运行时，相应支承处支座刚度
大于或等于投于附加刚度时的摆架刚度的情况下，允许使用投入附加刚
度时的数据进行评定。
Generally, the data of rotor bearing or shaft vibration for evaluating the
balancing accuracy of rotor shall be measured without putting the additional
rigidity device into operation. It is allowed to use the data with additional
rigidity to assess only when the power plant is in operation and the rigidity of
support at corresponding bearing is greater than or equal to the rigidity of
pedestal with additional rigidity in.
7.2.2 所使用的测量仪器必须经过自检，确认其读数准确。
The used measuring instruments shall be checked by themselves to confirm
its reading with accuracy.
7.2.3 对停放时间半年以上（含半年）的转子，为保证测量数据的稳定，
7
B/Z44.5-2008
须在平衡转速下维持一定时间后再进行测量。
In order to ensure the stability of measuring data, the rotor which has been
placed for a half of a year (including half year) shall be measured after
keeping a time under the balancing speed.
7.2.4 用于评定所达到平衡精度的数据必须是超速试验之后（或不要求超
速时，达到最高转速之后）记录的数据。
The data used for evaluating the balance accuracy shall be recorded after the
over-speed test (or after reaching the max. speed if the over-speed is not
necessary).
7.3 平衡精度的评定
Evaluation on the balance accuracy
7.3.1 刚性转子平衡及挠性转子的低速平衡。
Balancing of rigid rotor and low speed balancing of flexible rotor
7.3.1.1 对于刚性转子、规定以不平衡偏心速度 Ve 来评定所达到的平衡精
度，并要求平衡精度达到 ISO1940/1 规定的 G1 级，此时 Ve=1mm/s 对于
给定的转子、Ve 值按下式计算
For the rigid rotor, its balancing accuracy shall be evaluated by the un-
balancing eccentric speed Ve. The balancing accuracy shall be consistent with

G1 grade specified by ISO1940/1, Ve=1mm/s, Ve should be calculated for the

given rotor in accordance with following formula
Ve=eω/1000 （mm/s）…………………（10）
式中：
Where:
e=V0/w（μm）
V0——不平衡量，g·mm；
V0——unbalanced amount g·mm
W——转子重量，kg；
W——rotor weight kg
ω——转子工作频率，1/s。
ω——working frequency of rotor 1/s
据此，允许不平衡量由下式计算
Based on the mentioned above, the unbalance amount can be calculated
according to the following formula:
URA=Ve·w/ω=9549.w/n (g·mm)……………（11）
式中：
Where:
w——转子重量，kg；
w——rotor weight kg
n——工作转速，r/min。
n——working speed r/min
校正平面上允许剩余不平衡量的分配应以使其所产生的支承载荷与
支承本身的静载荷成正比。并且支承平面上允许剩余不平衡之标量和小
于 URA。
The allowable residual unbalance amount on the leveling plane shall be
distributed to make the generated supporting load proportional to the static
load of supporting itself. The scalar summation of allowable residual
unbalancing amount on the supporting plane shall be less than URA.
 如果转子有二个校正平面、且转子本身比较对称的话，每个校正面
上允许剩余不平衡量可取 URA/2。
In case the rotor is with two leveling plane, and the rotor itself is more
symmetrical, the allowed residual unbalancing amount on each leveling plane
shall take URA/2.
7.3.1.2 挠性转子的低速平衡以保证转子安全升速和降低第一临界转速振
动为原则。按公认的工程实践经验,将加重首先分布于中部平面；然后在
端部各平面进行精确平衡使残余不平衡量满足图纸(或式 11 的)要求。
The low speed balancing of flexible rotor shall make the rotor raising speed
safely and decrease first critical speed vibration. Based on normal engineering
experience, distribute weight to middle plane first, and accuracy balancing is
done to each plane to make the unbalance satisfy drawing requirement (or
formula 11).
7.3.2 挠性转子平衡精度要求
Requirement for balancing accuracy flexible rotor
7.3.2.1 功率 200MW 等级以下机组。
Units with the power lower than 200MW level
规定以轴承振动速度的均方根值 VB （工作转速）和 VC （临界转
速）来评定其平衡精度。对于发电用汽轮机组要求：
VB≤2.5mm/s，VC≤2.8mm/s
It specifies that the mean square root VB (working speed) and VC (critical
speed) of vibration speed for bearing can be used to evaluate its balancing
accuracy. requirement for steam turbo set used for generating
power:VB≤2.5mm/s，VC≤2.8mm/s
对于工业汽轮机组要求：VB≤1.5mm/s，VC≤1.8mm/s
requirement for industry steam turbine unit ：
VB≤1.5mm/s，VC≤1.8mm/s
7.3.2.2 功率在 300MW 等级及以上机组
The steam turbine with capacity above 300MW
对低压转子 VB≤1.8mm/s，VC≤2.8mm/s
For LP rotor VB≤1.8mm/s, VC≤2.8mm/s
对高中压转子 VB≤2.5mm/s，VC≤2.8mm/s
For HP rotor VB≤2.5mm/s, VC≤2.8mm/s
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B/Z44.5-2008
在轴颈处测量轴的绝对振动时，允许不平衡振动为：
When measuring the absolute vibration of shaft at journal, unbalance
vibration is allowed to be the following:
工作转速时 Ap-p≤0.05mm
At working rotate speed Ap-p≤0.05mm
临界转速时 Ap-p≤0.10mm
At critical rotate speed Ap-p≤0.10mm
Ap-p 为轴的绝对振动的双峰振幅值。
Ap-p is the peak-to-peak amplitude value for absolute vibration of shaft.
300MW 等级及以上机组,可同时测量轴承振动和轴的绝对振动，根
据需要以轴承振动值或轴的绝对振动值为评定标准。
For steam turbine with capacity above 300MW, the absolute vibration
value of shaft shall be regarded as the evaluating value when measuring the
bearing vibration and absolute vibration of shaft.
8 高速动平衡对设计，制造工艺的要求。
Requirement of design and manufacturing process for high speed balancing
8.1 在结构设计上尽量使初始不平衡量限制在最低水平。为此，转子各零
部件应尽量做到轴对称和自我平衡。
The initial unbalancing amount on design shall be limited within the min.
level. Therefore, it shall make the various parts of rotor axial symmetry and
self-balancing.
8.2 转子应采取配重方式来进行平衡校正。设计时应保证有足够的、合理
的校正平面分布在转子上。
The balancing weight method shall be used for adjusting the balancing of
rotor. The sufficient and reasonably leveling plane shall be ensured to
distribute on the rotor during design.
8.2.1 对于刚性转子，一般要有两个校正面，并应位于转子重心两侧。为
增加配重的影响，它们的距离应尽可能拉大。
The rigid rotor shall be with two leveling planes, which are located at the both
sides of rotor gravity center. The distance between the two planes shall be
made as large as possible to heighten the effect of balancing weight.
8.2.2 对于挠性转子应尽可能在不平衡灵敏度较大的振型波峰处设置校正
平面，必要时设计部门应对平衡平面的有效性进行模拟计算以确认所设
置的平面是合理的，足够的。
The leveling plane for flexible rotor shall be set at the vibration mode peak
with larger unbalancing sensitivity; the effectiveness of balancing level shall
be calculated analogically to confirm the set plane reasonable and sufficient,
if necessary.
大型机组转子设计时（或用户要求时）应设置现场平衡平面，以便
在现场可不揭缸进行校正质量调整。
During designing the rotor of heavy unit (or if the owner requires),the site
balancing plane shall be set so as to correct quality adjustment without
opening casing on site.
8.3 条件许可时，应根据动平衡现有万向节的结构在转子电端端面上设
计有相应的螺孔及定位凸缘，便于把转子与动平衡机的万向轴直接连接。
The corresponding tap hole with locating lip shall be designed at the GEN end
of rotor according to the presenting universal joint of dynamic balancing, if
possible, which is convenient to connect directly the rotor with the universal
shaft of dynamic balancing machine.
8.4 转子图样上应明确注明该转子应做高速动平衡还是低速动平衡(并写
明低速动平衡精度要求)，写明该转子的工作转速以上最接近它的临界转
速和工作转速以下的所有临界转速。若转子需做超速试验时，则应注明
超速转速。
The rotor drawing shall specify whether to perform the high speed dynamic
balance or low speed dynamic balancing (and mark the low speed balancing
accuracy requirement). It shall note the closest critical speed above working
speed of rotor and all critical speed under working speed of rotor. The
mentioned drawing also shall note the overspeed if it is necessary to perform
the over-speed test for rotor.
8.5 转子生产过程中发生的一切影响轴对称性和可能影响转子平衡状态
的情况及所采取的措施均应通报动平衡负责单位。
During manufacturing the rotor, all cases which have an effect on the axial
symmetry and balancing state of rotor, and the adopted measures can be
noticed to the department in charge of the dynamic balancing.
8.6 若转子需带附加部套（如联轴节、危急遮断器等）进行动平衡，它们
应按有关要求，并有切实措施保证其自身平衡精度，并按技术要求与转
子牢固连接。
In case the dynamic balancing for rotor shall be performed with the additional
assemblies (such as coupling, emergency governor), it shall have the relative
requirement and measures to ensure itself balancing accuracy, and connect
with rotor tightly according to the technical requirement.
8.7 叶片装配时，应根据其力矩大小合理布置以降低转子的初始不平衡
量。
The blade shall be arranged reasonably according to its moment to reduce the
initial un-balance amount when assembling them.

9
B/Z44.5-2008
附录 A
Addenda A
标准编制参考资料及贯彻要求
Reference document and requirements for preparing this standard
A1 在引进大型高速动平衡超速试验装置、研究现代挠性转子高速动平衡
理论的同时，本公司也引进了西屋公司大型汽轮机技术、其中包括西屋
公司动平衡技术、因此在制订本标准时也参考了下列西屋公司技术文件。
A1 at the same time that introducing large high dynamic balancing overspeed
testing device and researching modern flexible rotor high speed dynamic
balancing theory, our company also introduce large-scale steam turbine
technology from Westinghouse, it includes dynamic balancing technology of
Westinghouse company, thus the following technical documents from
Westinghouse company have been referenced during preparing this standard.
Ps600107 Rotating tests on turb. Rotors not
Requiring stability check
Ps600108 Rotating tests turbine spindles
Requiring stability check
Ps81260QN Testing cycles for Lp rotors
Ps 84351QH Low & high speed balance &
Overspeed test of steam turbine rotors
in vacuum spin test Facility.Rev.3 07/03/96
A2 为贯彻执行本标准、需要针对本公司各类汽轮机转子特性、动平衡设
备性能特点、并吸收国外先进技术制订相应的动平衡工艺守则。
A2 In order to carry out this standard, it is required to prepare dynamic
balancing process regulations aiming at rotors for each kinds of steam turbine,
feature of dynamic equipment and absorbing advanced technology of oversea
company.
A2.1 B/Z58.42 汽轮机转子动平衡工艺守则。
A2.1 B/Z58.42 dynamic balancing process regulations for steam turbine rotor

10