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lc*un''unl
&re i'rel

Sun- 'new'

/^^(SroJroJ

'Pi ie.
FIG. 7. Stress-Strain Curves for Reloading Branch

where
fro Jut
Er = (48)
Ero 8,J

and the monotonic stress-strain curve (Eq. 3) return coordinate (ere ,fre).
The common return strain (e,.c) is assumed to be given by the following
equation
Jun Jnew
= E + (49)
J a
E,.\ 2 +
Tec

where E,. is given by Eq. 48.

The parabolic transition curve is then described by
fc = / « + Erex + Ax2 (50)
where
X v^c ^re) (51)

A=- (52)
4L(j/ieii' J re) Er\Zu e)l
Ere and/,. e = the common return point tangent modulus and the stress
determined from the return strain, ere, using the monotonic stress-strain
relation (Eq. 3), respectively.

EFFECT OF RATE OF STRAIN ON STRESS-STRAIN RELATION

Concrete exhibits a significant increase in both the strength and stiffness

when loaded at an increased strain rate. Experimental data on the
1817

J. Struct. Eng., 1988, 114(8): 1804-1826