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Raven Dave Vergara Argumentation and Debate (MW 10:30- 12:00 PM)

BA English Language IV January 30, 2018

FALLACIES AND THEIR EXAMPLE SCENARIOS

1. Hasty Generalization
Ex. Emmanuelle loves to sing and has a good voice. Hence, their family must be a group of great
singers.
2. Argumentum Ad Antiquitatem (Appeal to Antiquity)
Ex. It is more appropriate to wear long skirts or dress when attending the Holy mass than to wear
jeans or leggings.
3. Argumentum Ad Hominem
Ex. You mentioned a while ago that cheating is an offense rather than a defense but yesterday,
you were caught stealing the answer key from your professor’s drawer. So, where’s the truth
behind your stand then?
4. Ad Popolum
Ex. If you were truly an obedient Roman Catholic, you would not even dare to pray inside the
church of the Mormons just to give your boyfriend a company.
5. Argumentum Ad Verecundiam (Appeal to Authority)
Ex. The Pen Reflections is a weekly workshop proposed by Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) leaders
wherein countless youths are encouraged to write stories, poems, songs, and other literary
artistries to primarily lead them astray from vices and other rampant wrongdoings. Consequently,
this youth reform movement reaches to the hearts of well-known people, Manny Pacquiao and
Efren Bata Reyes, and has earned a deep support from them.
6. Slippery Slope
Ex. If you give Timmy the approval to go to the bar, you should also do the same thing to Cassey
by allowing her to go out and watch her favorite film at the cinema. If you do the otherwise,
Timmy then should stay at home.
7. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Ex. Yesterday, I just told Jhonny about one of Lyka’s secrets; Now, Lyka is so angry with me that
her secret was scattered in the entire University. John must have shared it to everyone.
8. Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam
Ex. When Kurt’s iPhone was lost, Rence was questioned about the problem for he was the last
person left in the room but he responded without even a word; he must have erred theft.
9. Genetic Fallacy
Ex. You can never be a superstar because your mom was a disgraceful flop back when the
limelight was never her dear friend and that it was far within her reach.
10. Weak Analogy
Ex. Painting is a mirror that reflects you and the beauty in you. –How does a painting being
observed alike with a mirror?
11. False Analogy =======
Ex. Talking foul worlds to someone is like a cancer bringing someone directly to his grave.
12. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam (Argument or Appeal to Pity)
Ex. I admit that it is my responsibility to arrive here in the office before the working time but also, I
want you to know that I failed to come here on time for I had to do my responsibilities as a single
parent to my four children; last night, I had to sleep late to go through the difficult lessons of my
children and had to make a study guide. Also, I had to wake up at three o’clock in the morning to
cook for their breakfast and prepare everything they needed. Lastly, I needed to send them to their
school by myself to make sure of their safety. Unfortunately, my attention was called by the
principal after my son hurt the other child. So, I had to wait for the parents of the child to arrive
for me to extend my apology as advised by the principal. I started the day with early frustrations
and disappointments. These hardships I’ve had should merit understanding and consideration,
and that you should not credit the late reporting to office with tardiness and worse, absence.
13. Circulus In Demonstrando (Circular Argument)
Ex. Grave tardiness in the workplace is deemed as an attitude of unprofessionalism. We are surely
aware that such tardiness makes someone a subject to immediate termination. Since being
subject to termination is offensive, we should be committed to our jobs. And since we want to be
committed to our works, it should be our will to act professionally and work with enthusiasm for
us not to get terminated which proves that tardiness, grave one even more, is an attitude of
unprofessionalism.
14. Begging the Question ====
Ex. Our teacher is absent today because no activity or seatwork is given.
15. Either or Fallacy
Ex. We either provide condoms for free or the world will suffer from incontrollable increase of
teenage pregnancy cases.
16. Evasion ===
Ex. Friend: What happened to your family?
You: Life doesn’t always have a happy scene.
17. Straw Man
Ex. Those parents who are in favor of RH Bill or Sex Education want their children to get early
involvement in sexual practice and in turn, allowing them to abuse their “natural perspective” on
sex that whenever they get pregnant due to unexpected circumstance, it would be easily
considered as “understandable” because it’s deemed as natural.
18. Non-Sequitur
Ex. We should not approve same-sex marriage because the UV rays are so painful.
19. Tu Quo Que (You too)
Ex: Big bro: You shoul not cry because of love, that’s too petty!
Smal bro: Well, you should tell it to yourself too because I just heard you last night
sobbing while talking to your girlfriend.
20. Red Heering
Ex. Teacher: Why are you late?!
Me: The main roads were closed due to the held procession and caused a frustrating traffic
jam. In fact, a lot of people were raising their eyebrows and yelling at each other.
21. Circular Argumentum
Ex. Bro: Do you think that Bamboo is the most soulful rock icon of this generation?
Me: Yeah the people’s compliments and the million likes on social networking sites say so.
22. False Dichotomy
Ex. Hon, there’s no food here in the fridge! This is either consumed lavishly, or we just failed to buy
some.
23. Petitio Principii (Begging the Question)
Ex. The fact that a white lie is told to express politeness means it is still a good thing for it offers
protection to someone from disappointment, frustration or any negative feelings. And since it is a
good thing to say, this should not be deemed sinful.
24. Dicto Simpliciter
Ex. Persons with disability having only arms without the legs can do more things compared to
those having only the legs without the arms. (This opinion isn’t true to all people who only have
legs without the arms that they can do less compared to the former disability referring to the
opinion; This is proven by the little girl Sophie, who is tagged in her YouTube videos as the “Girl
With No Arms But Can Do Anything”, with her remarkable skills using her legs in doing numerous
common necessary things that people without any disabilities can do like eating, turning on the
faucet, preparing her bed and other amazing stuff.)

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