Lecture no 3

Tentering Frame and application of finishes

Introduction
• The Stenter is continuous type of machine and can be used
before and after Dyeing/ Printing stages.

• The Stenter frame used for the following processes:

1. Equalizing (Skew/ Bow control)
2. Printed Design control ( Design deviation
3. Fabric width setting
4. Application of finishing chemicals
5. Drying Operation

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Stenter

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Introduction to the Tentering Machine
• Tentering frames are also known as Stenter

• Stenter was one of the first manufacturers of Tentering machines. It is

now universally accepted as stenter.

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Open Width Fabric In-Feed
• Open width fabric must be processed under uniform tension,
before entering the padder and during take- up on the batcher.

• Synchronized cloth guidance systems must be used along with

J-scary.
• Incorrect tension or inadequate cloth guidance, causes:

1. Creases or twists in the fabric

2. Piece-to-piece shade variation
3. Side-center shade/ finish variation
4. Interruptions in production

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Fabric In-Feed

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Working Of a Stenter

The fabric is collected from the batcher to the scray and then it is
passed through the padder where the finishes are applied and some
times shade variation is corrected.

The fabric is entered into the mahlo (weft straightener)the function of

the mahlo is to set the bow and also weave of the fabric is griped by
the clips and pins are also provided but the pins has the disadvantage
that they pins makes holes at the selvedge but the stretching of the
pins are greater then the clips.
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Features of Stenter

• Over feed system (Pins)

•
Under feed system (Clips)

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Visual of Bowing

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 Weft being
Skewing
pulled side
ways

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Skewing in fabric

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How to calculate Skew/Bow

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Examplary checker Design

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Check Designs

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Design Deviation

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Weft Corrector
• A simple motorized, quick acting roller for Bow and
rollers for Skew.
• Weft Corrector is provided for efficient correction of
weft distortions.
• Automatic Weft Corrector with optical sensors and
digital control have taken over
• Additional sensors can be fixed on the machine exit
to ensure perfect weft straitening.

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Weft Straightener Attachment on Stenter

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Banana Roll

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Line flow of fabric

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Camera Installation area

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Working of the Sensors

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Fabric Movement through straighteners

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Points of Installations of Straighteners on
Stenter

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Over Feeding

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Over Feeding on Pins

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Line Diagram of Flow

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Over Feeding with Clips

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Padders

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Vertical Padders

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Horizontal Padders

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Fabric Flow on Padder

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Clip of a stenter

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Air Ducting inside Stenter

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Functions of the Dryer

•To dry the fabric on the required

width
•Heat setting
•Control of moisture
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Parameter’s of Stenter
• Stenter speed range from 10m/min for heavyweight furnishings up to
100m/min for light weight.
• Overfeed is frequently necessary to neutralize the warp stretched during
earlier processes and simultaneously to reduce shrinkage.
• The speed of the fabric through the Stenter is controlled by the motion of
the pin chain, but the fabric entry can be adjusted independently by the
entry rollers.
• Temperature uniformity over the entire area of fabric is ensured
• Low temperatures do now allow satisfactory result where as high
temperatures may lead to yellowing problems and sometimes a loss of
elasticity as well as stiff hand( for e.g. acrylics)

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Modern Stenter

•Modern Stenter for the

industry with latest
Developments
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Function of the BRÜCKNER air duct
inside the dryer

• Air is heated up inside the radiator

• Mixing of circulating air and fresh air (Venturi)
• Suction of warm air into the suction conduit.
• Warm air is blown out through the nozzles and
onto the fabric
• Exhaust air is drawn off

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Visual
Function of the BRÜCKNER air duct inside the dryer

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 Venturi Nozzle

• Acceleration and
subsequent expansion
of circulating air
• Effective mixing
principle with minimal
pressure loss
• Optimum mixing of
fresh air + circulating air
• Optimum temperature
distribution

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Heat Setting
• This applies only to synthetic fibers
• Heating below Tm and at Tg for 20 seconds
• ▫ Tg of PES 190–200°C
• ▫ Tg of PA 210–220°C
• Before heat setting:
• ▫ More shrinkage
• ▫ Fabric less stable
• After heat setting:
• ▫ less shrinkage
• ▫ Fabric is stable
• ▫ More crystalline

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These pins and clips are joined to endless chain.

There are 8 to 10 chambers provided on the machine each chamber

contains a burner and filters are provided to separate dust from air.

The circulating fans blow air from the base to the upper side and
exhaust fans sucks all the hot air within the chambers.

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Exit of Stenter

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Effects of Stenter

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