4.

Loads:

Consider 1 M2 area of slab

Self weight of the slab = 1 M x 1 M x 0.18 M x 25 KN / M3 = 4.5 KN / M2

Live load = 2 KN / M2

Floor finish = 1 KN / M2

Total load = 7.5 KN / M2

Factored load wu = 1.5 x 7.5 = 11.25 KN / M2

5. Factored Bending Moment & Shear Force :

The slab is simply supported on all the four sides.

wulef2 11.25 x (3.955)2

Factored bending moment (Mu) = =
8 8

Mu = 21.996 KN-M

wulef 11.25 x 3.955

Factored shear force (Vu) = = 22.246 KN
2= 2

6. Minimum Effective depth required:

The minimum effective depth required to resist Bending Moment is given by

Mu = 0.138 fckbd2

21.996 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d2

21.996 x 106
d=
0.138 x 20 x 1000

d = 89.272 MM < 155 MM

Hence, provided depth is adequate.
7. Tension Reinforcement:

fy Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 -
fck bd

415 x Ast
21.996 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 155 1-
20 x 1000 x 155

3100000 - 415 Ast

393.047 = Ast
3100000

1218445700 = 3100000 Ast - 415 Ast2

Ast2 - 7469.879 Ast + 2936013.735 = 0

-b + b2 - 4ac
x =
2a

- (-7469.879) + (-7469.879)2 - 4 x 1 x 2936013.735

Ast =
2x1

7469.879 + 55799100.01 - 11744054.94

As =
2

7469.879 + 44055045.07
Ast =
2

7469.879 + 6637.397
Ast =
2
7469.879 - 6637.397
Ast = = 416.240 MM2
2
Therefore, Ast = 416.240 MM2
Minimum reinforcement (Ast, min) = 0.12% of gross area

0.12
(Ast, min) = x 1000 x 180 = 216 MM2
100

Ast > Ast, min , Hence Ok

Using 10 MM dia bars, spacing of bars

ast /4 x 102
S = x 1000 = x 1000 = 188.688 MM
Ast 416.240

Maximum spacing is (i) 3d = 3 x 155 = 465 MM

(ii) 300 MM which ever is less

Hence, provide 10MM dia bars @ 200 MM Center to Center

Bent alternate bars @ 0.1 x L from the face of the support.

8. Distribution Reinforcement:

Ast = 0.12% of gross area

0.12
Ast = x 1000 x 180 = 216 MM2
100
Using 8 MM dia bars, spacing of bars
ast /4 x 82
S = x 1000 = x 1000 = 232.710 MM
Ast 216

Maximum Spacing is (i) 5d = 5 x 155 = 775 MM

(ii) 450 MM which ever is less
Hence, provide 8 MM dia bars @ 215 Center to center

9. Check for Deflection:

For simply supported slabs basic value as l / d ratio = 20
Percentage at main steel at mid section
 Ast x 100
Pt = = 30
bd

(or)

Area of one bar x 100 ast

Pt = = x 100
Spacing x Effective depth Sxd

/4 x 102
Pt = x 100 = 0.273 %
185 x 155

fs = 0.58 x fy = 0.58 x 415 = 240 N/MM2

From fig 4 as IS: 456 modification factor = 1.5

Maximum permitted l / d ratio = 1.5 x 20 = 30

l/d provided = 3955 / 155 = 26 < 30

Therefore Hence, deflection control is safe.

10. Check for Shear:

(Normally will be safe in shear and hence this check may be omitted)

Vu 22.246 x 103
Normal shear stress (Tv) = = = 0.143 N/MM2
bd 1000 x 155

Percentage of Main Steel at support [ 50% bars curtailed ]

ast /4 x 102
Pt = x 100 = x 100 = 0.136 %
Sd 370 x 155

Reffering to the table - 19 of IS : 456 shear strength of concrete for beans is

tc = 0.28 N/MM2

for solid slabs (tc ) = 1.3 x 0.28 = 0.364 N / MM2

(x = 1.3 as D < 150 MM)

Maximum shear stress in concrete tc, Max. from table - 20 as IS : 456

tc, max. = 2.8 / 2 = 1.4 N / MM2

As tv < tc and also tv < tc, max. hence, the slab is safe in shear.

Design using Sp - 16 charts:

Referring to the chart 13 as Sp - 16 for

d = 155 MM and Mu = 21.99 KN-M

Percentage of steel (Pt) = 0.25 %

bd 0.25 x 1000 x 155

Area of steel = Pt = = = 387.5 MM2
100 100

Provide 10 MM dia bars, spacing of bars

/4 x 102
S = x 1000 = 202.68 MM
387.5

Provide 10 MM dia bars @ 185 MM Center to center

This is almost the same as that of analytical method.

DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB (CORNERS HELD DOWN OR PREVENTED FROM
LIFTING):

Room Size = 4.2 M x 3.98 |M

ly / lx = 4.2 M / 3.98 = 1.05 < 2

Hence, the slab is to be designed as a two way slab.

1. Given Data:

Short span (lx) = 3.98 M

Long span (ly) = 4.2 M
Live load = 3 KN / M2
Floor finish = 0.05 x 20 = 1 KN / M2
fck = 20 N / MM2
fy = 415 N / MM2

2. Thickness of Slab:
Assume effective depth (d) = Span / 28 = 3980 / 28 = 147.142 M
Adopt effective depth (d) = 145 MM
Over all depth (D) = 170 MM

3. Effective Span:

lx = 3.98 M + 0.23 M = 4.21 M

ly = 4.2 M + 0.23 M = 4.43 M
ly / lx = 4.43 / 4.21 = 1.05 < 2

4. Loads:

Self weight of the slab = 1 M x 1 M x 0.17 M x 25 KN / M3 = 4.25 KN / M2

Live load = 3 KN / M2
Floor finish = 1 KN / M2
 Total Load (w) = 8.25 KN / M2
Factored load (wu) = 1.5 x 8.25 = 12.375 KN / M2

5. Design of Bending Moment & Shear Force:

The slab is simply supported on all the four sides, the slab four edges discontinu-
ous. Hence moment of co-efficients are obtained from table - 26 of IS : 456

0.072 - 0.064
x = 0.064 + x (1.05 - 1.0)
1.1 - 1.0

x = 0.064 + 0.008 x 0.05 / 0.1

x = 0.068

y = 0.056

Mux = x
wulx2 = 0.068 x 12.375 x (4.21)2 = 14.914 KN - M

Muy = y
wulx2 = 0.056 x 12.375 x (4.21)2 = 12.282 KN - M

wulx 12.375 x 4.21

Vu = = = 26 KN
2 2

6. Minimum Depth Required: The minimum depth required to resist Bending moment

Mu = 0.138 fckbd2

Mu = Greater of Mux and Muy

14.914 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d2

14.914 x 106
d = = 73.509 MM
0.138 x 20 x 1000

d = 73.509 MM < 145 MM

Hence, provided depth is adequate.

7. Reinforcement: (i) Along x - direction (Shorter Span)
Mux = 0.87fy Ast d [1 - (fyAst / fck b d)]
415 x Ast
14.914 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 145 1 -
20 x 1000 x 145

Ast
6
14.914 x 10 = 52352.25 x Ast 1-
6987.951

52352.25
14.914 x 106 = Ast (6987.951 - Ast)
6987.951
7.492 x Ast (6987.951 - Ast) = 14.914 x 106
- Ast2 + 6987.951 Ast = (14.914 x 106) / 7.492
- Ast2 + 6987.951 Ast = 1990656.7
Ast2 - 6987.951 Ast + 1990656.7 = 0

- (- 6987.951) + (-6987.951)2 - 4 x 1 x 1990656.7

Ast =
2x1

6987.951 + 48831459.18 - 7962626.8 6987.951 + 40868832.38

Astx = =
2 2

6987.951 + 6392.873 6987.951 - 6392.873

Astx = =
2 2

Astx = 595.078 / 2 = 297.539 MM2

Using 8 MM dia bars, spacing of bars

ast ( /4) x 82
Sx = x 1000 = x 1000 = 168.937 MM
Astx 297.539
Maximum spacing is (i) 3d = 3 x 145 = 435 MM
(ii) 300 MM Which ever is less
Hence, provided 8 MM dia bars @ 160 MM Center to center.
(ii) Along y - direction:

These bars will be placed above the bars in x - direction.

Hence, d = 145 - 8 = 135 MM

Muy = 0.87 fy Ast d [1 - [ (fyAst) / (fck bd)]]

415 x Ast
12.282 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 137 1-
20 x 1000 x 137

12.282 x 106 = 49463.85 x Ast [1 - (Ast / 6602.409)]

12.282 x 106 = (49463.85 / 6602.409) x Ast [6602.409 - Ast]

7.492 x Ast (6602.409 - Ast ) = 12.282 x 106

-Ast2 + 6602.409 Ast = (12.282 x 106) / 7.492

-Ast2 + 6602.409 Ast = 1639348.639

Ast2 - 6602.409 Ast + 1639348.639 = 0

- ( - 6602.409) + (-6602.409)2 - 4 x 1 x 1639348.639

Ast =
2x1

6602.409 + 43591804.6 - 6557394.556 6602.409 + 37034410.04

Ast = =
2 2

6602.409 + 6085.590 6602.409 - 6085.590 516.819

Ast = = = = 258.409 MM2
2 2 2
Ast = 258.409 MM2
Using 8 MM dia bars, spacing of bars
ast ( /4) x 82
S = x 1000 = x 1000 = 194.519 MM
Ast 258.409
Maximum spacing is (i) 3d = 3 x 137 = 411 MM

(ii) 300 MM Which ever is less

Hence, provide 8 MM dia bars @ 190 MM Center to center.

8. Reinforcement in Edge Strip:

Ast = 0.12 % of gross area = 0.12 % of b d

Ast = (0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 170 = 204 MM2

Using 8 MM dia bars, spacing of bars

( / 4 ) x 82
S= x 1000 = 246.399 MM
204

Maximum spacing is (i) 5d = 5 x 145 = 725 MM

(ii) 450 MM Which ever is less

Hence, provide 8 MM dia bars @ 240 MM Center to center in edge strips in both
directions.

7. Tension Reinforcement:

Area of reinforcement in each year

At = (3/4) x Astx = (3/4) x 297.539 = 223.154 MM2

Distance over which torsion reinforcement is to be provided = 1/5 short span
= (1/5) x lx = (1/5) x 4.21 = (1/5) x 4210 = 842 MM
Using 6 MM dia bars, spacing of bars

( / 4 ) x 62
S= x 1000 = 126.703 MM
223.154
Hence, provide 6 MM dia bars @ 120 MM Center to center at all the four corners in
four layers.
9. Check for Deflection:

For simply supported slabs basic value of l/d ratio = 20

Modification factor for tension steel F1

( / 4 ) x 82
% of Steel = x 100 = 0.216 %
160 x 145

fs = 0.58 x fy = 0.58 x 415 = 240 N / MM2

From Figure 4 of IS : 456, modification factor = 1.5

Maximum permitted l/d ratio = 1.5 x 20 = 30

l/d provided = 4210 MM / 145 = 29.03 < 30

Hence, deflection control is safe.

Details of reinforcement are shown is given below.