Human Rights Law Finals Notes

HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES
LAW SHORT TITLE SALIENT FEATURES

CHILDREN
RA 10666 Children’s Safety on Section 4. Prohibition. It shall be unlawful for any person to drive a 2-wheeled motorcycle with a child on board on public roads where there is
Motorcycles Act of heavy volume of vehicles, there is a high density of fast moving vehicles or where a speed limit of more than 60/kph is imposed, unless:
2015 a. The child passenger can comfortably reach his/her feet on the standard foot peg of the motorcycle;
b. The child’s arms can reach around and grasp the waist of the motorcycle rider; and
c. The child is wearing a standard protective helmet referred to under RA 10054, otherwise known as the ―Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009‖
Section 5. Exception. Shall not apply to cases where the child to be transported requires immediate medical attention.
Section 6. Penalties:
1st Offense: Php 3k
2nd Offense: 5k
3rd and succeeding: 10K plus driver’s license shall be suspended for a period of 1 month.
Violation beyond the third time shall result to automatic revocation of the license.
Section 8. Qualifying Circumstances. In violation of this Act, death shall have resulted or serious or less serious injuries shall have been inflicted
upon the child or any other person: 1 year imprisonment shall be imposed upon the driver or operator without prejudice to the penalties under the
RPC.
A.M. No. Rule on Examination Section 4. Definitions
004007-SC of a Child Witness a. “Child witness” is any person who at the time of giving testimony is below 18. In child abuse cases, a child includes one who is over 18 but is
found by the court as unable to fully take care of himself or protect himself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a
physical or mental disability or condition.
c. “Facilitator” means a person appointed by the court to pose questions to a child.
f. “Support person” is a person chosen by the child to accompany him to testify at or attend a judicial proceeding or deposition to provide emotional
support for him.
g. “Best interest of the child” totality of the circumstances and conditions as are most congenial to the survival, protection, and feelings of security
of the child xxx. Also means least detrimental available alternative for safeguarding the growth and development of the child.
Section 6. Competency. Every child is presumed qualified to be a witness. However, the court shall conduct a competency examination of child,
motu proprio or on motion of a party, when it finds that substantial doubt exists regarding the ability of the child to perceive, remember,
communicate, distinguish truth from falsehood, or appreciate the duty to tell the truth in court.
a. Proof of necessity. A party seeking a competency examination must present proof of necessity. The age of the child by itself is not a sufficient
basis.
b. Burden of proof lies on the party challenging his competence.
d. Conduct of examination shall be conducted only by the judge. However, counsel for the parties can submit questions to the judge that he may, in
his discretion, ask the child.
Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.
University of Cebu College of Law
Section 7. Oath or affirmation. A child shall take an oath or affirmation to tell the truth.
Section 8. Examination of a child witness. SHALL BE DONE IN OPEN COURT. Unless the witness is incapacitated to speak, or the question calls
for a different mode of answer, the answers of the witness shall be given orally. The party who presents a child witness or the guardian ad litem
may move the court to allow him to testify in the manner provided in this Rule.
Section 10. Facilitator to pose questions to child. Appointed motu proprio or upon motion. The facilitator may be a child psychologist, psychiatrist,
social worker, guidance counselor, teacher, religious leader, parent or relative.
Section 11. Support persons. (a) A child testifying at a judicial proceedind or making a deposition shall have the right to be accompanied by one or
two persons of his own choosing to provide him emotional support.
Section 13. Courtroom environment. The court may direct and supervise the location, movement and deportment of all persons in the courtroom.
The child may be allowed to testify from a place other than the witness chair. The witness chair or other place from which the child testifies may be
turned to facilitate his testimony but the opposing party and his counsel must have a frontal or profile view of the child during the testimony of the
child. The witness chair or other place from which the child testifies may also be rearranged to allow the child to see the opposing party and his
counsel, if he chooses to look at them, without turning his body or leaving the witness stand. The judge need not wear his judicial robe.
Nothing in this section or any other provisions of law, except official in-court identification provisions, shall be construed to require a child to
look at the accuse.
Accommodations for the child under this section need not be supported by a funding of trauma to the child.
Section 25. Live-link television testimony in criminal cases where the child is a victim or a witness. (a) The prosecutor, counsel or the guardian
ad litem may apply for an order that the testimony of the child be taken in a room outside the courtroom and be televised to the courtroom by live-
link television.
SECTION 28. Hearsay exception in child abuse cases. A statement made by a child describing any act or attempted act of child abuse, not
otherwise admissible under the hearsay rule, may be admitted in evidence in any criminal or non-criminal proceeding subject to the following
rules:
(a) Before such hearsay statement may be admitted, its proponent shall make known to the adverse party the intention to offer such statement and its
particulars to provide him a fair opportunity to object. If the child is available, the court shall, upon motion of the adverse party, require the child to
be present at the presentation of the hearsay statement for cross-examination by the adverse party. When the child is unavailable, the fact of such
circumstance must be proved by the proponent.

(c) The child witness is considered unavailable under the following situations:
(1) is deceased, suffers from physical infirmity, lack of memory, mental illness, or will be exposed to severe psychological injury; or
(2) is absent from the hearing and the proponent of his statement has been unable to procure his attendance by process or other reasonable means.
(d) When the child is unavailable, his hearsay testimony shall be admitted only if corroborated by other admissible evidence.
Section 30. Sexual abuse shield rule.

(a) The ff. evidence is not admissible in any criminal proceeding involving child sexual abuse:
1. Evidence offered to prove that the alleged victim engaged in other sexual behavior; and
2. Evidence offered to prove the sexual predisposition of the alleged victim
(b) EXCEPTION. Evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the alleged victim to prove that a person other than the accused was the
source of semen, injury, or other physical evidence shall be admissible.
RA 9775 Anti-Child Section 3. Definition of Terms. -
Pornography Act of
2009 (a) "Child" refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or over, but is unable to fully take care of himself/herself from abuse, neglect,
cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition.
For the purpose of this Act, a child shall also refer to:
(1) a person regardless of age who is presented, depicted or portrayed as a child as defined herein; and
(2) computer-generated, digitally or manually crafted images or graphics of a person who is represented or who is made to appear to
be a child as defined herein.
(b) "Child pornography" refers to any representation, whether visual, audio, or written combination thereof, by electronic, mechanical,
digital, optical, magnetic or any other means, of child engaged or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities.
Section 4. Unlawful or Prohibited Acts. - It shall be unlawful for any person:
(a) To hire, employ, use, persuade, induce or coerce a child to perform in the creation or production of any form of child pornography;
(b) To produce, direct, manufacture or create any form of child pornography;
(c) To publish offer, transmit, sell, distribute, broadcast, advertise, promote, export or import any form of child pornography;
(d) To possess any form of child pornography with the intent to sell, distribute, publish, or broadcast: Provided. That possession of three (3)
or more articles of child pornography of the same form shall be prima facie evidence of the intent to sell, distribute, publish or broadcast;

(e) To knowingly, willfully and intentionally provide a venue for the commission of prohibited acts as, but not limited to, dens, private
rooms, cubicles, cinemas, houses or in establishments purporting to be a legitimate business;
(f) For film distributors, theaters and telecommunication companies, by themselves or in cooperation with other entities, to distribute any
form of child pornography;
(g) For a parent, legal guardian or person having custody or control of a child to knowingly permit the child to engage, participate or assist in
any form of child pornography;
(h) To engage in the luring or grooming of a child;
(i) To engage in pandering of any form of child pornography;
(j) To willfully access any form of child pornography;
(k) To conspire to commit any of the prohibited acts stated in this section. Conspiracy to commit any form of child pornography shall be
committed when two (2) or more persons come to an agreement concerning the commission of any of the said prohibited acts and decide to
commit it; and
(l) To possess any form of child pornography.
Section 5. Syndicated Child Pornography - The crime of child pornography is deemed committed by a syndicate if carried out by a group of three (3)
or more persons conspiring or confederating with one another and shall be punished under Section 15(a) of this Act.
Section 6. Who May File a Complaint. - Complaints on cases of any form of child pornography and other offenses punishable under this Act may be
filed by the following:
(a) Offended party;
(b) Parents or guardians;
(c) Ascendant or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity;
(d) Officer, social worker or representative of a licensed child-caring institution;
(e) Officer or social worker of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD);
(f) Local social welfare development officer;

(g) Barangay chairman;
(h) Any law enforcement officer;
(i) At least three (3) concerned responsible citizens residing in the place where the violation occurred; or
(j) Any person who has personal knowledge of the circumstances of the commission of any offense under this Act.
Section 10. Responsibility of Mall Owners/Operators and Owners or Lessors of Other Business Establishments. - All mall owners/operators and
owners or lessors of other business establishments shall notify the PNP or the NBI within seven (7) days from obtaining facts and circumstances that
child pornography is being committed in their premises. Provided, That public display of any form of child pornography within their premises is a
conclusive presumption of the knowledge of the mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments of the violation of this
Act: Provided, further, That a disputable presumption of knowledge by mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments
should know or reasonably know that a violation of this Act is being committed in their premises.
Photo developers, information technology professionals, credit card companies and banks and any person who has direct knowledge of any form of
child pornography activities shall have the duty to report any suspected child pornography materials or transactions to the proper authorities within
seven (7) days from discovery thereof.
Any willful and intentional violation of this provision shall be subject to the penalty provided under Section 15(l) of this Act.
PD 603 The Child and Youth Article 3. Rights of the Child. - All children shall be entitled to the rights herein set forth without distinction as to legitimacy or illegitimacy, sex,
Welfare Code social status, religion, political antecedents, and other factors.
(1) Every child is endowed with the dignity and worth of a human being from the moment of his conception, as generally accepted in medical
parlance, and has, therefore, the right to be born well.
(2) Every child has the right to a wholesome family life that will provide him with love, care and understanding, guidance and counseling,
and moral and material security.
The dependent or abandoned child shall be provided with the nearest substitute for a home.
(3) Every child has the right to a well-rounded development of his personality to the end that he may become a happy, useful and active
member of society.
The gifted child shall be given opportunity and encouragement to develop his special talents.
The emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment
and competent care.
The physically or mentally handicapped child shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.

(4) Every child has the right to a balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter, proper medical attention, and all the basic physical
requirements of a healthy and vigorous life.
(5) Every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and the strengthening of his
character.
(6) Every child has the right to an education commensurate with his abilities and to the development of his skills for the improvement of his
capacity for service to himself and to his fellowmen.
(7) Every child has the right to full opportunities for safe and wholesome recreation and activities, individual as well as social, for the
wholesome use of his leisure hours.
(8) Every child has the right to protection against exploitation, improper influences, hazards, and other conditions or circumstances
prejudicial to his physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development.
(9) Every child has the right to live in a community and a society that can offer him an environment free from pernicious influences and
conducive to the promotion of his health and the cultivation of his desirable traits and attributes.
(10) Every child has the right to the care, assistance, and protection of the State, particularly when his parents or guardians fail or are unable
to provide him with his fundamental needs for growth, development, and improvement.
(11) Every child has the right to an efficient and honest government that will deepen his faith in democracy and inspire him with the morality
of the constituted authorities both in their public and private lives.
(12) Every child has the right to grow up as a free individual, in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, tolerance, and universal brotherhood,
and with the determination to contribute his share in the building of a better world.
Article 4. Responsibilities of the Child. - Every child, regardless of the circumstances of his birth, sex, religion, social status, political antecedents
and other factors shall:
(1) Strive to lead an upright and virtuous life in accordance with the tenets of his religion, the teachings of his elders and mentors, and the
biddings of a clean conscience;
(2) Love, respect and obey his parents, and cooperate with them in the strengthening of the family;
(3) Extend to his brothers and sisters his love, thoughtfulness, and helpfulness, and endeavor with them to keep the family harmonious and
united;
(4) Exert his utmost to develop his potentialities for service, particularly by undergoing a formal education suited to his abilities, in order that
he may become an asset to himself and to society;

(5) Respect not only his elders but also the customs and traditions of our people, the memory of our heroes, the duly constituted authorities,
the laws of our country, and the principles and institutions of democracy;
(6) Participate actively in civic affairs and in the promotion of the general welfare, always bearing in mind that it is the youth who will
eventually be called upon to discharge the responsibility of leadership in shaping the nation's future; and
(7) Help in the observance of individual human rights, the strengthening of freedom everywhere, the fostering of cooperation among nations
in the pursuit of their common aspirations for programs and prosperity, and the furtherance of world peace.
Article 5. Commencement of Civil Personality. - The civil personality of the child shall commence from the time of his conception, for all purposes
favorable to him, subject to the requirements of Article 41 of the Civil Code.
Article 8. Child's Welfare Paramount. - In all questions regarding the care, custody, education and property of the child, his welfare shall be the
paramount consideration.
Article 43. Primary Right of Parents. - The parents shall have the right to the company of their children and, in relation to all other persons or
institutions dealing with the child's development, the primary right and obligation to provide for their upbringing.
Article 44. Rights Under the Civil Code. - Parents shall continue to exercise the rights mentioned in Articles 316 to 326 of the Civil Code over the
person and property of the child.
Article 45. Right to Discipline Child. - Parents have the right to discipline the child as may be necessary for the formation of his good character, and
may therefore require from him obedience to just and reasonable rules, suggestions and admonitions.
Article 46. General Duties. - Parents shall have the following general duties toward their children:
1. To give him affection, companionship and understanding;
2. To extend to him the benefits of moral guidance, self-discipline and religious instruction; lawphi1.net
3. To supervise his activities, including his recreation; lawphi1.net
4. To inculcate in him the value of industry, thrift and self-reliance;
5. To stimulate his interest in civic affairs, teach him the duties of citizenship, and develop his commitment to his country;
6. To advise him properly on any matter affecting his development and well-being;

7. To always set a good example;
8. To provide him with adequate support, as defined in Article 290 of the Civil Code; and
9. To administer his property, if any, according to his best interests, subject to the provisions of Article 320 of the Civil Code.
Article 47. Family Affairs. - Whenever proper, parents shall allow the child to participate in the discussion of family affairs, especially in matters that
particularly concern him. In cases involving his discipline, the child shall be given a chance to present his side.
Article 58. Torts. - Parents and guardians are responsible for the damage caused by the child under their parental authority in accordance with the
Civil Code.
Article 59. Crimes. - Criminal liability shall attach to any parent who:
1. Conceals or abandons the child with intent to make such child lose his civil status.
2. Abandons the child under such circumstances as to deprive him of the love, care and protection he needs.
3. Sells or abandons the child to another person for valuable consideration.
4. Neglects the child by not giving him the education which the family's station in life and financial conditions permit.
5. Fails or refuses, without justifiable grounds, to enroll the child as required by Article 72.
6. Causes, abates, or permits the truancy of the child from the school where he is enrolled. "Truancy" as here used means absence without
cause for more than twenty schooldays, not necessarily consecutive.
7. It shall be the duty of the teacher in charge to report to the parents the absences of the child the moment these exceed five schooldays.
8. Improperly exploits the child by using him, directly or indirectly, such as for purposes of begging and other acts which are inimical to his
interest and welfare.
9. Inflicts cruel and unusual punishment upon the child or deliberately subjects him to indignation and other excessive chastisement that
embarrass or humiliate him.
10. Causes or encourages the child to lead an immoral or dissolute life.
11. Permits the child to possess, handle or carry a deadly weapon, regardless of its ownership.
12. Allows or requires the child to drive without a license or with a license which the parent knows to have been illegally procured. If the
motor vehicle driven by the child belongs to the parent, it shall be presumed that he permitted or ordered the child to drive.
"Parents" as here used shall include the guardian and the head of the institution or foster home which has custody of the child.
RA 7610 Special Protection of Section 3. Definition of Terms. –
Children Against
Abuse, Exploitation (a) "Children" refers to person below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect
and Discrimination themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition;
Act
(b) "Child abuse" refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the child which includes any of the following:
(1) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment;
(2) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being;
(3) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter; or
(4) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment of his growth and development
or in his permanent incapacity or death.
Section 5. Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse. – Children, whether male or female, who for money, profit, or any other consideration or due
to the coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or group, indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children exploited
in prostitution and other sexual abuse.
The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period to reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon the following:
(a) Those who engage in or promote, facilitate or induce child prostitution which include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Acting as a procurer of a child prostitute;
(2) Inducing a person to be a client of a child prostitute by means of written or oral advertisements or other similar means;
(3) Taking advantage of influence or relationship to procure a child as prostitute;
(4) Threatening or using violence towards a child to engage him as a prostitute; or
(5) Giving monetary consideration goods or other pecuniary benefit to a child with intent to engage such child in prostitution.
(b) Those who commit the act of sexual intercourse of lascivious conduct with a child exploited in prostitution or subject to other sexual
abuse; Provided, That when the victims is under twelve (12) years of age, the perpetrators shall be prosecuted under Article 335, paragraph 3,
for rape and Article 336 of Act No. 3815, as amended, the Revised Penal Code, for rape or lascivious conduct, as the case may be: Provided,
That the penalty for lascivious conduct when the victim is under twelve (12) years of age shall be reclusion temporal in its medium period;
and
(c) Those who derive profit or advantage therefrom, whether as manager or owner of the establishment where the prostitution takes place, or
of the sauna, disco, bar, resort, place of entertainment or establishment serving as a cover or which engages in prostitution in addition to the
activity for which the license has been issued to said establishment.
Section 6. Attempt To Commit Child Prostitution. – There is an attempt to commit child prostitution under Section 5, paragraph (a) hereof
when any person who, not being a relative of a child, is found alone with the said child inside the room or cubicle of a house, an inn, hotel,
motel, pension house, apartelle or other similar establishments, vessel, vehicle or any other hidden or secluded area under circumstances
which would lead a reasonable person to believe that the child is about to be exploited in prostitution and other sexual abuse.
There is also an attempt to commit child prostitution, under paragraph (b) of Section 5 hereof when any person is receiving services from a child in a
sauna parlor or bath, massage clinic, health club and other similar establishments. A penalty lower by two (2) degrees than that prescribed for the
consummated felony under Section 5 hereof shall be imposed upon the principals of the attempt to commit the crime of child prostitution under this
Act, or, in the proper case, under the Revised Penal Code.
Section 7. Child Trafficking. – Any person who shall engage in trading and dealing with children including, but not limited to, the act of buying and
selling of a child for money, or for any other consideration, or barter, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua. The penalty
shall be imposed in its maximum period when the victim is under twelve (12) years of age.
Section 8. Attempt to Commit Child Trafficking. – There is an attempt to commit child trafficking under Section 7 of this Act:1awphi1@alf
(a) When a child travels alone to a foreign country without valid reason therefor and without clearance issued by the Department of Social
Welfare and Development or written permit or justification from the child's parents or legal guardian;
(c) When a person, agency, establishment or child-caring institution recruits women or couples to bear children for the purpose of child
trafficking; or
(d) When a doctor, hospital or clinic official or employee, nurse, midwife, local civil registrar or any other person simulates birth for the
purpose of child trafficking; or
(e) When a person engages in the act of finding children among low-income families, hospitals, clinics, nurseries, day-care centers, or other
child-during institutions who can be offered for the purpose of child trafficking.
A penalty lower two (2) degrees than that prescribed for the consummated felony under Section 7 hereof shall be imposed upon the principals of the
attempt to commit child trafficking under this Act.
Section 9. Obscene Publications and Indecent Shows. – Any person who shall hire, employ, use, persuade, induce or coerce a child to perform in
obscene exhibitions and indecent shows, whether live or in video, or model in obscene publications or pornographic materials or to sell or distribute

the said materials shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its medium period.
If the child used as a performer, subject or seller/distributor is below twelve (12) years of age, the penalty shall be imposed in its maximum period.
Any ascendant, guardian, or person entrusted in any capacity with the care of a child who shall cause and/or allow such child to be employed or to
participate in an obscene play, scene, act, movie or show or in any other acts covered by this section shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its
medium period.
Section 12. Employment of Children. – Children below fifteen (15) years of age may be employed except:
(1) When a child works directly under the sole responsibility of his parents or legal guardian and where only members of the employer's
family are employed: Provided, however, That his employment neither endangers his life, safety and health and morals, nor impairs his
normal development: Provided, further, That the parent or legal guardian shall provide the said minor child with the prescribed primary
and/or secondary education; or
(2) When a child's employment or participation in public & entertainment or information through cinema, theater, radio or television is
essential: Provided, The employment contract concluded by the child's parent or guardian, with the express agreement of the child concerned,
if possible, and the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment: Provided, That the following requirements in all instances are
strictly complied with:
(a) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety and morals of the child;
(b) the employer shall institute measures to prevent the child's exploitation or discrimination taking into account the system and level of
remuneration, and the duration and arrangement of working time; and;
(c) The employer shall formulate and implement, subject to the approval and supervision of competent authorities, a continuing program for
training and skill acquisition of the child.
In the above exceptional cases where any such child may be employed, the employer shall first secure, before engaging such child, a work permit
from the Department of Labor and Employment which shall ensure observance of the above requirement.
The Department of Labor Employment shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this Section.
RA 9255 AN ACT SECTION 1. Article 176 of Executive Order No. 209, otherwise known as the Family Code of the Philippines, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ALLOWING
ILLEGITIMATE "Article 176. Illegitimate children shall use the surname and shall be under the parental authority of their mother, and shall be entitled to
CHILDREN TO USE support in conformity with this Code. However, illegitimate children may use the surname of their father if their filiation has been expressly
recognized by the father through the record of birth appearing in the civil register, or when an admission in a public document or private
THE SURNAME OF
handwritten instrument is made by the father. Provided, the father has the right to institute an action before the regular courts to prove non-
THEIR FATHER filiation during his lifetime. The legitime of each illegitimate child shall consist of one-half of the legitime of a legitimate child."
RA 9344 Juvenile Justice and Section 4. Definition
Welfare Act of 2006 (b) "Best Interest of the Child" refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions which are most congenial to the survival, protection and
feelings of security of the child and most encouraging to the child's physical, psychological and emotional development. It also means the least
detrimental available alternative for safeguarding the growth and development of the child.
(c) "Child" refers to a person under the age of eighteen (18) years.
(e) "Child in Conflict with the Law" refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offense under Philippine
laws.
(i) "Diversion" refers to an alternative, child-appropriate process of determining the responsibility and treatment of a child in conflict with the law on
the basis of his/her social, cultural, economic, psychological or educational background without resorting to formal court proceedings.
(j) "Diversion Program" refers to the program that the child in conflict with the law is required to undergo after he/she is found responsible for an
offense without resorting to formal court proceedings.
(I) "Intervention" refers to a series of activities which are designed to address issues that caused the child to commit an offense. It may take the form
of an individualized treatment program which may include counseling, skills training, education, and other activities that will enhance his/her
psychological, emotional and psycho-social well-being.
(p) "Recognizance" refers to an undertaking in lieu of a bond assumed by a parent or custodian who shall be responsible for the appearance in court
of the child in conflict with the law, when required.
SEC. 5. Rights of the Child in Conflict with the Law. - Every child in conflict with the law shall have the following rights, including but not limited
to:
(a) the right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
(b) the right not to be imposed a sentence of capital punishment or life imprisonment, without the possibility of release;
(c) the right not to be deprived, unlawfully or arbitrarily, of his/her liberty; detention or imprisonment being a disposition of last resort, and
which shall be for the shortest appropriate period of time;
(d) the right to be treated with humanity and respect, for the inherent dignity of the person, and in a manner which takes into account the
needs of a person of his/her age. In particular, a child deprived of liberty shall be separated from adult offenders at all times. No child shall be
detained together with adult offenders. He/She shall be conveyed separately to or from court. He/She shall await hearing of his/her own case
in a separate holding area. A child in conflict with the law shall have the right to maintain contact with his/her family through correspondence
and visits, save in exceptional circumstances;
(e) the right to prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance, as well as the right to challenge the legality of the deprivation of
his/her liberty before a court or other competent, independent and impartial authority, and to a prompt decision on such action;

(f) the right to bail and recognizance, in appropriate cases;
(g) the right to testify as a witness in hid/her own behalf under the rule on examination of a child witness;
(h) the right to have his/her privacy respected fully at all stages of the proceedings;
(i) the right to diversion if he/she is qualified and voluntarily avails of the same;
(j) the right to be imposed a judgment in proportion to the gravity of the offense where his/her best interest, the rights of the victim and the
needs of society are all taken into consideration by the court, under the principle of restorative justice;
(k) the right to have restrictions on his/her personal liberty limited to the minimum, and where discretion is given by law to the judge to
determine whether to impose fine or imprisonment, the imposition of fine being preferred as the more appropriate penalty;
(I) in general, the right to automatic suspension of sentence;
(m) the right to probation as an alternative to imprisonment, if qualified under the Probation Law;
(n) the right to be free from liability for perjury, concealment or misrepresentation; and
(o) other rights as provided for under existing laws, rules and regulations.
The State further adopts the provisions of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice or "Beijing Rules",
United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency or the "Riyadh Guidelines", and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of
Juveniles Deprived of Liberty.
SEC. 6. Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility. - A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the offense shall be
exempt from criminal liability. However, the child shall be subjected to an intervention program pursuant to Section 20 of this Act.
A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age shall likewise be exempt from criminal liability and be subjected to an
intervention program, unless he/she has acted with discernment, in which case, such child shall be subjected to the appropriate proceedings
in accordance with this Act.
The exemption from criminal liability herein established does not include exemption from civil liability, which shall be enforced in accordance with
existing laws.
SEC. 7. Determination ofAge. - The child in conflict with the law shall enjoy the presumption of minority. He/She shall enjoy all the rights of a child
in conflict with the law until he/she is proven to be eighteen (18) years old or older. The age of a child may be determined from the child's birth
certificate, baptismal certificate or any other pertinent documents. In the absence of these documents, age may be based on information from the child
himself/herself, testimonies of other persons, the physical appearance of the child and other relevant evidence. In case of doubt as to the age of the

child, it shall be resolved in his/her favor.
Any person contesting the age of the child in conflict with the law prior to the filing of the information in any appropriate court may file a case in a
summary proceeding for the determination of age before the Family Court which shall decide the case within twenty-four (24) hours from receipt of
the appropriate pleadings of all interested parties.
If a case has been fiied against the child in conflict with the law and is pending in the appropriate court, the person shall file a motion to determine the
age of the child in the same court where the case is pending. Pending hearing on the said motion, proceedings on the main case shall be suspended.
In all proceedings, law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges and other government officials concerned shall exert all efforts at determining the
age of the child in conflict with the law.
SEC. 20. Children Below the Age of Criminal Responsibility. - If it has been determined that the child taken into custody is fifteen (15) years old or
below, the authority which will have an initial contact with the child has the duty to immediately release the child to the custody of his/her parents or
guardian, or in the absence thereof, the child's nearest relative. Said authority shall give notice to the local social welfare and development officer
who will determine the appropriate programs in consultation with the child and to the person having custody over the child. If the parents, guardians
or nearest relatives cannot be located, or if they refuse to take custody, the child may be released to any of the following: a duly registered
nongovernmental or religious organization; a barangay official or a member of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC); a local
social welfare and development officer; or when and where appropriate, the DSWD. If the child referred to herein has been found by the Local Social
Welfare and Development Office to be abandoned, neglected or abused by his parents, or in the event that the parents will not comply with the
prevention program, the proper petition for involuntary commitment shall be filed by the DSWD or the Local Social Welfare and Development
Office pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise ,known as "The Child and Youth Welfare Code".
SEC. 23. System of Diversion. - Children in conflict with the law shall undergo diversion programs without undergoing court proceedings subject to
the conditions herein provided:
(a) Where the imposable penalty for the crime committee is not more than six (6) years imprisonment, the law enforcement officer or Punong
Barangay with the assistance of the local social welfare and development officer or other members of the LCPC shall conduct mediation,
family conferencing and conciliation and, where appropriate, adopt indigenous modes of conflict resolution in accordance with the best
interest of the child with a view to accomplishing the objectives of restorative justice and the formulation of a diversion program. The child
and his/her family shall be present in these activities.
(b) In victimless crimes where the imposable penalty is not more than six (6) years imprisonment, the local social welfare and development
officer shall meet with the child and his/her parents or guardians for the development of the appropriate diversion and rehabilitation program,
in coordination with the BCPC;
(c) Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed exceeds six (6) years imprisonment, diversion measures may be resorted to only by
the court.
SEC. 37. Diversion Measures. - Where the maximum penalty imposed by law for the offense with which the child in conflict with the law is charged
is imprisonment of not more than twelve (12) years, regardless of the fine or fine alone regardless of the amount, and before arraignment of the child
in conflict with the law, the court shall determine whether or not diversion is appropriate.
SEC. 38. Automatic Suspension of Sentence. - Once the child who is under eighteen (18) years of age at the time of the commission of the offense is
found guilty of the offense charged, the court shall determine and ascertain any civil liability which may have resulted from the offense committed.
However, instead of pronouncing the judgment of conviction, the court shall place the child in conflict with the law under suspended sentence,
without need of application: Provided, however, That suspension of sentence shall still be applied even if the juvenile is already eighteen years (18)
of age or more at the time of the pronouncement of his/her guilt.
Upon suspension of sentence and after considering the various chcumstances of the child, the court shall impose the appropriate disposition measures
as provided in the Supreme Court Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law.
RA 10152 Mandatory Infants SEC. 3. Coverage.—The mandatory basic immunization for all infants and children provided under this Act shall cover the following vaccine-
and Children Health preventable diseases:
Immunization Act of
2011 (a) Tuberculosis;
(b) Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis;
(c) Poliomyelitis;
(d) Measles;
(e) Mumps;
(f) Rubella or German measles;
(g) Hepatitis-B;
(h) H. Influenza type B (HIB); and
(i) Such other types as may be determined by the Secretary of Health in a department circular.
The mandatory basic immunization shall be given for free at any government hospital or health center to infants and children up to five (5) years of
age.
Hepatitis-B vaccine shall be administered by any duly licensed physician, nurse or midwife to ah infants born in hospitals, health infirmaries, health
centers or lying-in centers with obstetrical and pediatric services, whether public or private, within twenty-four (24) hours after birth: Provided,
however, That in cases of infants born in places other than the above, any duly licensed physician, nurse or midwife who delivers, or assists in the
delivery of the newborn shall be responsible for administering the vaccine to the latter: Provided, further. That for deliveries assisted by persons
other. than the health professionals mentioned above, the infant should be brought to any available health care facility so as to be immunized against
Hepatitis-B within twenty-four (24) hours after birth but not later than seven (7) days: Provided, finally, That subsequent doses of Hepatitis-B
vaccination shall be completed according to the recommended schedule of Hepatitis-B immunization, as may be provided in the implementing rules
and regulations to be issued by the Department of Health (DOH).
RA 10028 Expanded Section 3. Definition
Breastfeeding
Promotion Act of 2009 m) Infant - a child within zero (0) to twelve (12) months of age.
"z) Young child - a child from the age of twelve (12) months and one (1) day up to thirty-six (36) moths.
Section 4. Section 4 of Republic Act No. 7600 is hereby amended to read as follows:
Sec. 4. Applicability. - The provisions in this Chapter shall apply to all private enterprises as well as government agencies, including their
subdivisions and instrumentalities, and government-owned and -controlled corporations. Xxxxxx
Sec. 11. Establishment of Lactation Stations. - It is hereby mandated that all health and non-health facilities, establishments or institutions shall
establish lactation stations. The lactation stations shall be adequately provided with the necessary equipment and facilities, such as: lavatory for hand-
washing, unless there is an easily-accessible lavatory nearby; refrigeration or appropriate cooling facilities for storing expressed breastmilk; electrical
outlets for breast pumps; a small table; comfortable seats; and other items, the standards of which shall be defined by the Department of Health. The
lactation station shall not be located in the toilet.
In addition, all health and non-health facilities, establishments or institutions shall take strict measures to prevent any direct or indirect form of
promotion, marketing, and/or sales of infant formula and/or breastmilk substitutes within the lactation stations, or in any event or circumstances
which may be conducive to the same.
Apart from the said minimum requirements, all health and non-health facilities, establishments or institutions may provide other suitable facilities or
services within the lactation station, all of which, upon due substantiation, shall be considered eligible for purposes of Section 14 of this Act.
"SEC. 16. Breastfeeding Awareness Month. - To raise awareness on the importance of and to further promote breastfeeding, the month of August in
each and every year throughout the Philippines shall be known as "Breastfeeding Awareness Month."
RA 9523 AN ACT Section 2. Definition.

REQUIRING
CERTIFICATION (2) Child refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or a person over eighteen (18) years of age but is unable to fully take care of him/herself
OF THE or protect himself/herself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of physical or mental disability or condition.
DEPARTMENT OF
SOCIAL WELFARE (3) Abandoned Child refers to a child who has no proper parental care or guardianship, or whose parent(s) have deserted him/her for a period of at
AND least three (3) continuous months, which includes a founding.
DEVELOPMENT
(DSWD) TO (4) Neglected Child refers to a child whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended within a period of three (3)
DECLARE A continuous months. Neglect may occur in two (2) ways:
"CHILD LEGALLY
AVAILABLE FOR (a) There is physical neglect when the child is malnourished, ill-clad, and without proper shelter. A child is unattended when left by
ADOPTION" AS A himself/herself without proper provisions and/or without proper supervision.
PREREQUISITE
FOR ADOPTION (b) There is emotional neglect when the child is maltreated, raped, seduced, exploited, overworked, or made to work under conditions not
PROCEEDINGS xxx conducive to good health; or is made to beg in the streets or public places; or when children are in moral danger, or exposed to gambling,
prostitution, and other vices.
(5) Child Legally Available for Adoption refers to a child in whose favor a certification was issued by the DSWD that he/she is legally available for
adoption after the fact of abandonment or neglect has been proven through the submission of pertinent documents, or one who was voluntarily
committed by his/her parent(s) or legal guardian.
(6) Voluntarily Committed Child is one whose parent(s) or legal guardian knowingly and willingly relinquished parental authority to the DSWD or
any duly accredited child-placement or child-caring agency or institution.
Section 4. Procedure for the Filing of the Petition. – The petition shall be filed in the regional office of the DSWD where the child was found or
abandoned.
The Regional Director shall examine the petition and its supporting documents, if sufficient in form and substance and shall authorize the posting of
the notice of the petition conspicuous place for five (5) consecutive days in the locality where the child was found.
The Regional Director shall act on the same and shall render a recommendation not later than five (5) working days after the completion of its
posting. He/she shall transmit a copy of his/her recommendation and records to the Office of the Secretary within forty-eight (48) hours from the date
of the recommendation.
Section 5. Declaration of Availability for Adoption. – Upon finding merit in the petition, the Secretary shall issue a certification declaring the child
legally available for adoption within seven (7) working days from receipt of the recommendation.
Said certification, by itself shall be the sole basis for the immediate issuance by the local civil registrar of a foundling certificate. Within seven (7)
working days, the local civil registrar shall transmit the founding certificate to the National Statistic Office (NSO).
RA 9231 AN ACT Section 2. Section 12 of the same Act, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as follows:
PROVIDING FOR
THE ELIMINATION "Sec. 2. Employment of Children - Children below fifteen (15) years of age shall not be employed except:
OF THE WORST
FORMS OF CHILD "1) When a child works directly under the sole responsibility of his/her parents or legal guardian and where only members of his/her
LABOR AND family are employed: Provided, however, That his/her employment neither endangers his/her life, safety, health, and morals, nor
AFFORDING impairs his/her normal development: Provided, further, That the parent or legal guardian shall provide the said child with the
STRONGER prescribed primary and/or secondary education; or
PROTECTION FOR
THE WORKING "2) Where a child's employment or participation in public entertainment or information through cinema, theater, radio, television or
CHILD, AMENDING other forms of media is essential: Provided, That the employment contract is concluded by the child's parents or legal guardian, with
FOR THIS the express agreement of the child concerned, if possible, and the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment: Provided,
PURPOSE further, That the following requirements in all instances are strictly complied with:
REPUBLIC ACTNO.
7610 "(a) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety, morals and normal development of the child;
"(b) The employer shall institute measures to prevent the child's exploitation or discrimination taking into account the system
and level of remuneration, and the duration and arrangement of working time; and
"(c) The employer shall formulate and implement, subject to the approval and supervision of competent authorities, a
continuing program for training and skills acquisition of the child.
"In the above-exceptional cases where any such child may be employed, the employer shall first secure, before engaging such child,
a work permit from the Department of Labor and Employment which shall ensure observance of the above requirements.
"For purposes of this Article, the term "child" shall apply to all persons under eighteen (18) years of age."
Section 3. The same Act, as amended, is hereby further amended by adding new sections to be denominated as Sections 12-A, 12-B, 12-C, and 12-D
to read as follows:
"Sec. 2-A. Hours of Work of a Working Child. - Under the exceptions provided in Section 12 of this Act, as amended:
"(1) A child below fifteen (15) years of age may be allowed to work for not more than twenty (20) hours a week: Provided, That the work
shall not be more than four (4) hours at any given day;
"(2) A child fifteen (15) years of age but below eighteen (18) shall not be allowed to work for more than eight (8) hours a day, and in no case
beyond forty (40) hours a week;
"(3) No child below fifteen (15) years of age shall be allowed to work between eight o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning of
the following day and no child fifteen (15) years of age but below eighteen (18) shall be allowed to work between ten o'clock in the evening
and six o'clock in the morning of the following day."
"Sec. 12-B. Ownership, Usage and Administration of the Working Child's Income. - The wages, salaries, earnings and other income of the
working child shall belong to him/her in ownership and shall be set aside primarily for his/her support, education or skills acquisition and
secondarily to the collective needs of the family: Provided, That not more than twenty percent (20%) of the child's income may be used for
the collective needs of the family.
"The income of the working child and/or the property acquired through the work of the child shall be administered by both parents. In the
absence or incapacity of either of the parents, the other parent shall administer the same. In case both parents are absent or incapacitated, the

order of preference on parental authority as provided for under the Family Code shall apply.
"Sec. 12-C. Trust Fund to Preserve Part of the Working Child's Income. - The parent or legal guardian of a working child below eighteen
(18) years of age shall set up a trust fund for at least thirty percent (30%) of the earnings of the child whose wages and salaries from work
and other income amount to at least two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) annually, for which he/she shall render a semi-annual
accounting of the fund to the Department of Labor and Employment, in compliance with the provisions of this Act. The child shall have full
control over the trust fund upon reaching the age of majority.
"Sec. 12-D. Prohibition Against Worst Forms of Child Labor. - No child shall be engaged in the worst forms of child labor. The phrase
"worst forms of child labor" shall refer to any of the following:
"(1) All forms of slavery, as defined under the "Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003", or practices similar to slavery such as sale
and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labor, including recruitment of children for use in
armed conflict; or
"(2) The use, procuring, offering or exposing of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic
performances; or
"(3) The use, procuring or offering of a child for illegal or illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of dangerous
drugs and volatile substances prohibited under existing laws; or
"(4) Work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is hazardous or likely to be harmful to the health, safety
or morals of children, such that it:
"a) Debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being; or
"b) Exposes the child to physical, emotional or sexual abuse, or is found to be highly stressful psychologically or may
prejudice morals; or
"c) Is performed underground, underwater or at dangerous heights; or
"d) Involves the use of dangerous machinery, equipment and tools such as power-driven or explosive power-actuated tools;
or
"e) Exposes the child to physical danger such as, but not limited to the dangerous feats of balancing, physical strength or
contortion, or which requires the manual transport of heavy loads; or
"f) Is performed in an unhealthy environment exposing the child to hazardous working conditions, elements, substances, co-
agents or processes involving ionizing, radiation, fire, flammable substances, noxious components and the like, or to extreme
temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations; or

"g) Is performed under particularly difficult conditions; or
"h) Exposes the child to biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, nematodes and other parasites; or
"i) Involves the manufacture or handling of explosives and other pyrotechnic products."
Section 5. Section 14 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 14. Prohibition on the Employment of Children in Certain Advertisements. - No child shall be employed as a model in any
advertisement directly or indirectly promoting alcoholic beverages, intoxicating drinks, tobacco and its byproducts, gambling or any form of
violence or pornography."
Section 8. Section 27 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 27. Who May File a Complaint - Complaints on cases of unlawful acts committed against children as enumerated herein may be filed
by the following:
"(a) Offended party;
"(b) Parents or guardians;
"(c) Ascendant or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity;
"(d) Officer, social worker or representative of a licensed child-caring institution;
"(e) Officer or social worker of the Department of Social Welfare and Development;
"(f) Barangay chairman of the place where the violation occurred, where the child is residing or employed; or
"(g) At least three (3) concerned, responsible citizens where the violation occurred."
Section 9. The same Act is hereby further amended by adding new sections to Section 16 to be denominated as Sections 16-A, 16-B and 16-C to read
as follows:
"Sec. 16-A. Jurisdiction - The family courts shall have original jurisdiction over all cases involving offenses punishable under this
Act: Provided, That in cities or provinces where there are no family courts yet, the regional trial courts and the municipal trial courts shall
have concurrent jurisdiction depending on the penalties prescribed for the offense charged.
"The preliminary investigation of cases filed under this Act shall be terminated within a period of thirty (30) days from the date of filing.

"If the preliminary investigation establishes a prima facie case, then the corresponding information shall be filed in court within forty eight
(48) hours from the termination of the investigation.
"Trial of cases under this Act shall be terminated by the court not later than ninety (90) days from the date of filing of information. Decision
on said cases shall be rendered within a period of fifteen (15) days from the date of submission of the case.
"Sec. 15. Exemptions from Filing Fees. - When the victim of child labor institutes a separate civil action for the recovery of civil damages,
he/she shall be exempt from payment of filing fees.
"Sec. 16-C. Access to Immediate Legal, Medical and Psycho-Social Services - The working child shall have the right to free legal, medical
and psycho-social services to be provided by the State."
RA 9858 AN ACT Section 1. Article 177 of Executive Order No. 209, otherwise known as the "Family Code of the Philippines", as amended, is hereby further amended
PROVIDING FOR to read as follows:
THE
LEGITIMATION OF "Art. 177. Children conceived and born outside of wedlock of parents who, at the time of conception of the former, were not disqualified by any
CHILDREN BORN impediment to marry each other, or were so disqualified only because either or both of them were below eighteen (18) years of age, may be
TO PARENTS legitimated."
BELOW
MARRYING AGE, "Art. 178. Legitimation shall take place by a subsequent valid marriage between parents. The annulment of a voidable marriage shall not affect the
AMENDING FOR legitimation."
THE PURPOSE THE
FAMILY CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES,
AS AMENDED
RA 9709 Universal Newborn Section 4. Definition
Hearing Screening (h)"Newborn" shall refer to an infant from the time of complete delivery to thirty (30) days old.
and Intervention Act
of 2009
Section 5. Obligation to inform. - Any healthcare practitioner who delivers, or assists in the delivery, of a newborn in the Philippines shall prior to
delivery, inform the parents or legal guardian of the newborn of the availability, nature and benefits of hearing loss screening among newborns or
infants three (3) months old and below.
Parents or legal guardians of newborns who, after undergoing newborn hearing loss screening, have been found to have congenital hearing loss shall
be informed of the availability, nature and benefits of diagnostic audiologic evaluation, intervention and treatment options, and counseling regarding
hearing loss.
The Department of Health (DOH) shall, in coordination with the NIH and other stakeholders, undertake the preparation, production and
dissemination of informational and educational materials on the nature, benefits and available medical interventions for hearing loss.
Section 6. Obligation to Perform Newborn Hearing Loss Screening and Audiologic Diagnostic Evaluation. - All infants born in hospitals in the
Philippines shall be made to undergo newborn hearing loss screening before discharge, unless the parents or legal guardians of the newborn object to
the screening subject to Section 7 of this Act. Infants who are not born in hospitals should be screened within the first three (3) months after birth.
In the event of a positive newborn hearing loss screening result, the newborn shall undergo audiologic diagnostic evaluation in a timely manner to
allow appropriate follow-up, recall and referral for intervention before the age of six (6) months: Provided, That audiologic diagnostic evaluation
shall be performed by Newborn Hearing Screening Centers duly certified by the DOH.
It shall be the joint responsibility of the parents or legal guardian, and the healthcare practitioner to ensure that hearing screening is performed. An
appropriate informational brochure on the role and duties of parents and guardians is fulfilling this responsibility shall be made available by the DOH
and shall be distributed to all health institutions and made available to any healhcare practitioner requesting it for appropriate distribution.
In case the newborn is born at home or anywhere outside birthing facilities, the attending health care practitioner shall refer the newborn to the
municipal or city heath center of the barangay having jurisdiction over the area for newborn hearing loss screening and audiologic diagnostic
evaluation.
Section 7. Refusal to be Tested. - A parent or legal guardian may refuse hearing loss screening on the grounds of religious and/or cultural beliefs but
shall acknowledge in writing that they have been informed of their responsibility to perform said screening and of the risks of underdiagnosed
congenital hearing loss in case of failure to administer hearing loss screening on their newborn. A copy of this waiver shall be made part of the
newborn's medical record and shall be entered into the national newborn hearing screening database.
Section 13. Government Intervention on Newborn Hearing Loss. - If the newborn is diagnosed to have congenital hearing loss, the Newborn Hearing
Screening Center or barangay health workers shall provide referral for the treatment of the newborn to the provincial hospital of the local government
unit concerned.
If the treatment of the congenital hearing loss of the newborn is beyond the clinical capability of the provincial hospital, the latter shall provide
referral for the treatment of the newborn to a Department of Health Tertiary Hospital, the Philippine General Hospital, or other national non-DOH
hospitals funded by the national government subsidy.
The provincial hospitals concerned shall have the funds for the treatment of newborn hearing loss from the internal revenue allotment of the local
government unit concerned.
RA 7658 AN ACT Section 1. Section 12, Article VIII of R. A. No. 7610 otherwise known as the "Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
PROHIBITING THE Discrimination Act" is hereby amended to read as follows:
EMPLOYMENT OF
CHILDREN BELOW "Sec. 12. Employment of Children. — Children below fifteen (15) years of age shall not be employed except:
15 YEARS OF AGE
IN PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE (1) When a child works directly under the sole responsibility of his parents or legal guardian and where only members of the employer's family
UNDERTAKINGS, are employed: Provided, however, That his employment neither endangers his life, safety, health and morals, nor impairs his normal development;
AMENDING FOR Provided, further, That the parent or legal guardian shall provide the said minor child with the prescribed primary and/or secondary education; or
ITS PURPOSE (2) Where a child's employment or participation in public entertainment or information through cinema, theater, radio or television is essential:
SECTION 12, Provided, The employment contract is concluded by the child's parents or legal guardian, with the express agreement of the child concerned, if
ARTICLE VIII OF possible, and the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment: and Provided, That the following requirements in all instances are strictly

R.A. 7610. complied with:
(a) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety, morals and normal development of the child;
(b) The employer shall institute measures to prevent the child's exploitation or discrimination taking into account the system and level of
remuneration, and the duration and arrangement of working time; and
(c) The employer shall formulate and implement, subject to the approval and supervision of competent authorities, a continuing program for
training and skills acquisition of the child.
In the above exceptional cases where any such child may be employed, the employer shall first secure, before engaging such child, a work permit
from the Department of Labor and Employment which shall ensure observance of the above requirements.
The Department of Labor and Employment shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this Section."
ON EDUCATION
RA 10157 Kindergarten Section 3. Definition
Education Act (c) Kindergarten education shall be understood in this Act to mean one (1) year of preparatory education for children at least five (5) years old as a
prerequisite for Grade I; and
SEC. 4. Institutionalization of Kindergarten Education. – Kindergarten education is hereby institutionalized as part of basic education and for school
year 2011-2012 shall be implemented partially, and thereafter, it shall be made mandatory and compulsory for entrance to Grade 1.
SEC. 5. Medium of Instruction. – The State shall hereby adopt the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) method. The mother
tongue of the learner shall be the primary medium of instruction for teaching and learning in the kindergarten level. However, exceptions shall be
made to the following cases:
(a) When the pupils in the kindergarten classroom have different mother tongues or when some of them speak another mother tongue;
(b) When the teacher does not speak the mother tongue of the learners;
(c) When resources, in line with the use of the mother tongue, are not yet available; and
(d) When teachers are not yet trained how to use the MTB-MLE program.
In such exceptional cases, the primary medium of instruction shall be determined by the DepEd aligned with the framework being used in the
elementary level including teacher training and production of local resources and materials under DepEd Order No. 74, series of 2009.
The DepEd, in coordination with the Commission on Filipino Language and in close collaboration with academic and research institutions concerned
with education, shall formulate a mother tongue-based multilingual framework for teaching and learning: Provided, That the DepEd will include
teaching strategies as defined in Section 7(c) which aims to introduce and eventually strengthen the child’s understanding of English, which is the
official language.
RA 9155 Governance of Basic SEC. 3. Purposes and Objectives. – The purposes and objectives of this Act are:
Education Act of 2001
(a) To provide the framework for the governance of basic education which shall set the general directions for educational policies and standards and
establish authority, accountability and responsibility for achieving higher learning outcomes;
(b) To define the roles and responsibilities of, and provide resources to, the field offices which shall implement educational programs, projects and
services in communities they serve;
(c) To make schools and learning centers the most important vehicle for the teaching and learning of national values and for developing in the
Filipino learners love of country and pride in its rich heritage;
(d) To ensure that schools and learning centers receive the kind of focused attention they deserve and that educational programs, projects and
services take into account the interests of all members of the community;
(e) To enable the schools and learning centers to reflect the values of the community by allowing teachers/learning facilitators and other staff to
have the flexibility to serve the needs of all learners;
(f) To encourage local initiatives for the improvement of schools and learning centers and to provide the means by which these improvements may
be achieved and sustained; and
(g) To establish schools and learning centers as facilities where schoolchildren are able to learn a range of core competencies prescribed for
elementary and high school education programs or where the out-of-school youth and adult learners are provided alternative learning programs and
receive accreditation for at least the equivalent of a high school education.
Section 4. Definition
(a) Alternative Learning System – is a parallel learning system to provide a viable alternative to the existing formal education instruction. It
encompasses both the non-formal and informal sources of knowledge and skills;
(b) Basic Education – is the education intended to meet basic learning needs which lays the foundation on which subsequent learning can be based.
It encompasses early childhood, elementary and high school education as well as alternative learning systems for out-of-school youth and adult
learners and includes education for those with special needs;
(e) Informal Education – is a lifelong process of learning by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and insights
from daily experiences at home, at work, at play and from life itself;
Sec. 5. Principles of Shared Governance. – (a) Shared governance is a principle which recognizes that every unit in the education bureaucracy has a
particular role, task and responsibility inherent in the office and for which it is principally accountable for outcomes;
RA 7323 as Strengthening and Section 1. Section 1 of R.A. 7323, otherwise known as the "Special Program for Employment of Students (SPES)", is hereby amended to read as
amended by Expanding the follows:
RA 9547 Coverage of the
Special Program for "SECTION 1. Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, any person or entity employing at least ten (10) persons may employ
Employment of poor but deserving students fifteen (15) years of age but not more than twenty-five (25) years old, paying them a salary or wage not lower
Students, amending than the minimum wage for private employers and the applicable hiring rate for the national and local government agencies: Provided, that
RA 7323, student enrolled in the secondary level shall only be employed during summer and/or christmas vacations, while those enrolled in the tertiary,
vocational or technical education may be employed at any time of the year: Provided, further, That their period of employment shall be from
twenty (20) to fifty-two (52) working days only, except that during Christmas vacation, employment shall be from ten (10) to fifteen (15)
days which may be counted as part of the students' probationary period should they apply in the same company or agency after
graduation: Provided, finally, That students employed in activities related to their course may earn equivalent academic credits as may be
determined by the appropriate government agencies.
"For purposes of this Act, poor but deserving students refer to those whose parents' combined income, together with their own, if any, does
not exceed the annual regional poverty threshold level for a family of six (6) for the preceding year as may be determined by the National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Employment facilitation services for applicants to the program shall be done by the Public
Employment Service Office (PESO).
"Participating employers in coordination with the PESO, must inform their SPES employees of their rights, benefits, and privileges under
existing laws, company policies, and employment contracts."
FAMILY COURTS; JURISDICTION; FAMILY; HOME

RA 8369 Family Courts Act of Section 5. Jurisdiction of Family Courts. EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL jurisdiction to hear and decide the ff.:
1997
a) Criminal cases where one or more of the accused is below eighteen (18) years of age but not less than nine (9) years of age but not less
than nine (9) years of age or where one or more of the victims is a minor at the time of the commission of the offense: Provided, That if the
minor is found guilty, the court shall promulgate sentence and ascertain any civil liability which the accused may have incurred.
The sentence, however, shall be suspended without need of application pursuant to Ptesidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the
"Child and Youth Welfare Code";
b) Petitions for guardianship, custody of children, habeas corpus in relation to the latter;
c) Petitions for adoption of children and the revocation thereof;
d) Complaints for annulment of marriage, declaration of nullity of marriage and those relating to marital status and property relations of
husband and wife or those living together under different status and agreements, and petitions for dissolution of conjugal partnership of
gains;
e) Petitions for support and/or acknowledgment;

f) Summary judicial proceedings brought under the provisions of Executive Order No. 209, otherwise known as the "Family Code of the
Philippines";
g) Petitions for declaration of status of children as abandoned, dependent o neglected children, petitions for voluntary or involuntary
commitment of children; the suspension, termination, or restoration of parental authority and other cases cognizable under Presidential
Decree No. 603, Executive Order No. 56, (Series of 1986), and other related laws;
h) Petitions for the constitution of the family home;
i) Cases against minors cognizable under the Dangerous Drugs Act, as amended;
j) Violations of Republic Act No. 7610, otherwise known as the "Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act," as amended by Republic Act No. 7658; and
k) Cases of domestic violence against:
1) Women - which are acts of gender based violence that results, or are likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or
suffering to women; and other forms of physical abuse such as battering or threats and coercion which violate a woman's
personhood, integrity and freedom movement; and
2) Children - which include the commission of all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, violence, and discrimination and all
other conditions prejudicial to their development.
If an act constitutes a criminal offense, the accused or batterer shall be subject to criminal proceedings and the corresponding penalties.
If any question involving any of the above matters should arise as an incident in any case pending in the regular courts, said incident shall be
determined in that court.
Section 7. Special Provisional Remedies. In cases of violence among immediate family members living in the same domicile or household, the
Family Court may issue a restrainin order against the accused or defendant upon verified application by the complainant or the victim for relief
from abuse.
The Court may order the temporary custody of the children in all civil actions for their custody. The court may also order support pendent lite,
including deduction from the salary and use of conjugal home and other properties in all civil actions for support.
EO 209 FAMILY CODE Question from Atty. Ching: When can a dwelling be considered a family home?
Article 152. The family home, constituted jointly by the husband and the wife or by an unmarried head of a family, is the dwelling house where
they and their family reside, and the land which it is situated.
Article 153. The family home is deemed constituted on a house and lot from the time it is occupied as a family residence. From the time of its
constitution and so long as any of its beneficiaries actually resides therein, the family home continues to be such and is exempt from execution,
forced sale or attachment except as herein after provided and to the extent of the value allowed by law.
Article 155. The family home shall be exempt from execution, forced sale or attachment except:
1. nonpayment of taxes;
2. for debts incurred prior to the constitution of the family homes;
3. for debts secured by mortgages on the premises before or after such constitution;
4. for debts due to laborers, mechanics, architects, builders, materialmen and others who have rendered service or furnished material for the
construction or the building.
SENIOR CITIZENS
RA 9994 Expanded Senior Section 3. (Amending RA 7432, as amended by RA 9527, otherwise known as the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003)
Citizens Act of 2010 (a) Senior Citizen or elderly refers to any resident of the Philippines at least 60 years old.
Section 4. (Amendatory provision). Privileges:
"(a) the grant of twenty percent (20%) discount and exemption from the value -added tax (VAT), if applicable, on the sale of the following goods and
services from all establishments, for the exclusive use and enjoyment or availment of the senior citizen
"(1) on the purchase of medicines, including the purchase of influenza and pnuemococcal vaccines, and such other essential medical supplies,
accessories and equipment to be determined by the Department of Health (DOH).
"The DOH shall establish guidelines and mechanism of compulsory rebates in the sharing of burden of discounts among retailers,
manufacturers and distributors, taking into consideration their respective margins;
"(2) on the professional fees of attending physician/s in all private hospitals, medical facilities, outpatient clinics and home health care
services;
"(3) on the professional fees of licensed professional health providing home health care services as endorsed by private hospitals or employed
through home health care employment agencies;
"(4) on medical and dental services, diagnostic and laboratory fees in all private hospitals, medical facilities, outpatient clinics, and home
health care services, in accordance with the rules and regulations to be issued by the DOH, in coordination with the Philippine Health
Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth);
"(5) in actual fare for land transportation travel in public utility buses (PUBs), public utility jeepneys (PUJs), taxis, Asian utility vehicles
(AUVs), shuttle services and public railways, including Light Rail Transit (LRT), Mass Rail Transit (MRT), and Philippine National
Railways (PNR);
"(6) in actual transportation fare for domestic air transport services and sea shipping vessels and the like, based on the actual fare and
advanced booking;
"(7) on the utilization of services in hotels and similar lodging establishments, restaurants and recreation centers;
"(8) on admission fees charged by theaters, cinema houses and concert halls, circuses, leisure and amusement; and
"(9) on funeral and burial services for the death of senior citizens;
"(b) exemption from the payment of individual income taxes of senior citizens who are considered to be minimum wage earners in accordance with
Republic Act No. 9504;
"(c) the grant of a minimum of five percent (5%) discount relative to the monthly utilization of water and electricity supplied by the public
utilities: Provided, That the individual meters for the foregoing utilities are registered in the name of the senior citizen residing therein: Provided,
further, That the monthly consumption does not exceed one hundred kilowatt hours (100 kWh) of electricity and thirty cubic meters (30 m3) of
water: Provided, furthermore, That the privilege is granted per household regardless of the number of senior citizens residing therein;
"(d) exemption from training fees for socioeconomic programs;
"(e) free medical and dental services, diagnostic and laboratory fees such as, but not limited to, x-rays, computerized tomography scans and blood
tests, in all government facilities, subject to the guidelines to be issued by the DOH in coordination with the PhilHealth;
"(f) the DOH shall administer free vaccination against the influenza virus and pneumococcal disease for indigent senior citizen patients;
"(g) educational assistance to senior citizens to pursue pot secondary, tertiary, post tertiary, vocational and technical education, as well as short-term
courses for retooling in both public and private schools through provision of scholarships, grants, financial aids, subsides and other incentives to
qualified senior citizens, including support for books, learning materials, and uniform allowances, to the extent feasible: Provided, That senior
citizens shall meet minimum admission requirements;
"(h) to the extent practicable and feasible, the continuance of the same benefits and privileges given by the Government Service Insurance System
(GSIS), the Social Security System (SSS) and the PAG-IBIG, as the case may be, as are enjoyed by those in actual service;
"(i) retirement benefits of retirees from both the government and the private sector shall be regularly reviewed to ensure their continuing
responsiveness and sustainability, and to the extent practicable and feasible, shall be upgraded to be at par with the current scale enjoyed by those in
actual service;
"(j) to the extent possible, the government may grant special discounts in special programs for senior citizens on purchase of basic commodities,

subject to the guidelines to be issued for the purpose by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Department of Agriculture (DA);
"(k) provision of express lanes for senior citizens in all commercial and government establishments; in the absence thereof, priority shall be given to
them; and
"(l) death benefit assistance of a minimum of Two thousand pesos (Php2, 000.00) shall be given to the nearest surviving relative of a deceased senior
citizen which amount shall be subject to adjustments due to inflation in accordance with the guidelines to be issued by the DSWD.1avvphi1
"In the availment of the privileges mentioned above, the senior citizen, or his/her duly authorized representative, may submit as proof of his/her
entitled thereto any of the following:
"(1) an identification card issued by the Office of the Senior Citizen Affairs (OSCA) of the place where the senior citizen resides: Provided,
That the identification card issued by the particular OSCA shall be honored nationwide;
"(2) the passport of the senior citizen concerned; and
"(3) other documents that establish that the senior citizen is a citizen of the Republic and is at least sixty (60) years of age as further provided
in the implementing rules and regulations.
"In the purchase of goods and services which are on promotional discount, the senior citizen can avail of the promotional discount or the discount
provided herein, whichever is higher.
"The establishment may claim the discounts granted under subsections (a) and (c) of this section as tax deduction based on the cost of the goods sold
or services rendered: Provided, That the cost of the discount shall be allowed as deduction from gross income for the same taxable year that the
discount is granted: Provided, further, That the total amount of the claimed tax deduction net of VAT, if applicable, shall be included in their gross
sales receipts for tax purposes and shall be subject to proper documentation and to the provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code (NICR), as
amended."
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
RA 8371 The Indigenous Section 3. Definition
Peoples’ Rights Act of
1997 (IPRA) a) Ancestral Domains — Subject to Section 56 hereof, refer to all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal
areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors,
communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by
force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private
individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include ancestral lands, forests,
pasture, residential, agricultural, and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial grounds,
worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources, and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from
which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic
and/or shifting cultivators;
b) Ancestral Lands — Subject to Section 56 hereof, refers to land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are
members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors-in-interest, under claims of individual or traditional
group ownership, continuously, to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth, or as a
consequence of government projects and other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not
limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots;
h) Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples — refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and
ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under
claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs,
traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous
religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as
indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of
inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social,
economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their
ancestral domains;
SECTION 7. Rights to Ancestral Domains. — The rights of ownership and possession of ICCs/IPs to their ancestral domains shall be recognized
and protected. Such rights shall include:
a) Right of Ownership. — The right to claim ownership over lands, bodies of water traditionally and actually occupied by ICCs/IPs, sacred places,
traditional hunting and fishing grounds, and all improvements made by them at any time within the domains;
b) Right to Develop Lands and Natural Resources. — Subject to Section 56 hereof, right to develop, control and use lands and territories
traditionally occupied, owned, or used; to manage and conserve natural resources within the territories and uphold the responsibilities for future
generations; to benefit and share the profits from allocation and utilization of the natural resources found therein; the right to negotiate the terms and
conditions for the exploration of natural resources in the areas for the purpose of ensuring ecological, environmental protection and the conservation
measures, pursuant to national and customary laws; the right to an informed and intelligent participation in the formulation and implementation of
any project, government or private, that will affect or impact upon the ancestral domains and to receive just and fair compensation for any damages
which they may sustain as a result of the project; and the right to effective measures by the government to prevent any interference with, alienation
and encroachment upon these rights;
c) Right to Stay in the Territories. — The right to stay in the territory and not to be removed therefrom. No ICCs/IPs will be relocated without their
free and prior informed consent, nor through any means other than eminent domain. Where relocation is considered necessary as an exceptional
measure, such relocation shall take place only with the free and prior informed consent of the ICCs/IPs concerned and whenever possible, they shall
be guaranteed the right to return to their ancestral domains, as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist. When such return is not possible, as
determined by agreement or through appropriate procedures, ICCs/IPs shall be provided in all possible cases with lands of quality and legal status at
least equal to that of the land previously occupied by them, suitable to provide for their present needs and future development. Persons thus relocated
shall likewise be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury;
d) Right in Case of Displacement. — In case displacement occurs as a result of natural catastrophes, the State shall endeavor to resettle the
displaced ICCs/IPs in suitable areas where they can have temporary life support systems: Provided, That the displaced ICCs/IPs shall have the right
to return to their abandoned lands until such time that the normalcy and safety of such lands shall be determined: Provided, further, That should their
ancestral domain cease to exist and normalcy and safety of the previous settlements are not possible, displaced ICCs/IPs shall enjoy security of tenure
over lands to which they have been resettled: Provided, furthermore, That basic services and livelihood shall be provided to them to ensure that their
needs are adequately addressed;
e) Right to Regulate Entry of Migrants. — Right to regulate the entry of migrant settlers and organizations into the domains;
f) Right to Safe and Clean Air and Water. — For this purpose, the ICCs/IPs shall have access to integrated systems for the management of their
inland waters and air space;
g) Right to Claim Parts of Reservations. — The right to claim parts of the ancestral domains which have been reserved for various purposes, except
those reserved and intended for common public welfare and service; and
h) Right to Resolve Conflict. — Right to resolve land conflicts in accordance with customary laws of the area where the land is located, and only in
default thereof shall the complaints be submitted to amicable settlement and to the Courts of Justice whenever necessary.
SECTION 8. Rights to Ancestral Lands. — The right of ownership and possession of the ICCs/IPs to their ancestral lands shall be recognized and
protected.
a) Right to transfer land/property. — Such right shall include the right to transfer land or property rights to/among members of the same ICCs/IPs,
subject to customary laws and traditions of the community concerned.
b) Right to Redemption. — In cases where it is shown that the transfer of land/property rights by virtue of any agreement or devise, to a non-
member of the concerned ICCs/IPs is tainted by the vitiated consent of the ICCs/IPs, or is transferred for an unconscionable consideration or price,
the transferor ICC/IP shall have the right to redeem the same within a period not exceeding fifteen (15) years from the date of transfer.
SECTION 9. Responsibilities of ICCs/IPs to their Ancestral Domains. — ICCs/IPs occupying a duly certified ancestral domain shall have the
following responsibilities:
a) Maintain Ecological Balance. — To preserve, restore, and maintain a balanced ecology in the ancestral domain by protecting the flora and fauna,
watershed areas, and other reserves;
b) Restore Denuded Areas. — To actively initiate, undertake and participate in the reforestation of denuded areas and other development programs
and projects subject to just and reasonable remuneration; and
c) Observe Laws. — To observe and comply with the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations for its effective implementation.
SECTION 56. Existing Property Rights Regimes. — Property rights within the ancestral domains already existing and/or vested upon effectivity
of this Act, shall be recognized and respected.
SECTION 57. Natural Resources within Ancestral Domains. — The ICCs/IPs shall have priority rights in the harvesting, extraction,
development or exploitation of any natural resources within the ancestral domains. A non-member of the ICCs/IPs concerned may be allowed to take
part in the development and utilization of the natural resources for a period of not exceeding twenty-five (25) years renewable for not more than
twenty-five (25) years: Provided, That a formal and written agreement is entered into with the ICCs/IPs concerned or that the community, pursuant to
its own decision making process, has agreed to allow such operation: Provided, finally, That the NCIP may exercise visitorial powers and take
appropriate action to safeguard the rights of the ICCs/IPs under the same contract.
LABOR
RA10361 Domestic Workers (a) Debt bondage refers to the rendering of service by the domestic worker as security or payment for a debt where the length and nature of service is
Act or Batas not clearly defined or when the value of the service is not reasonably applied in the payment of the debt.
Kasambahay
(c) Domestic work refers to work performed in or for a household or households.
(d) Domestic worker or ―Kasambahay‖ refers to any person engaged in domestic work within an employment relationship such as, but not limited to,
the following: general househelp, nursemaid or ―yaya‖, cook, gardener, or laundry person, but shall exclude any person who performs domestic work
only occasionally or sporadically and not on an occupational basis.
(f) Household refers to the immediate members of the family or the occupants of the house that are directly provided services by the domestic
worker.
(h) Working children, as used under this Act, refers to domestic workers who are fifteen (15) years old and above but below eighteen (18) years old.
SEC. 5. Standard of Treatment. – The employer or any member of the household shall not subject a domestic worker or ―kasambahay‖ to any kind of
abuse nor inflict any form of physical violence or harassment or any act tending to degrade the dignity of a domestic worker.
SEC. 6. Board, Lodging and Medical Attendance. – The employer shall provide for the basic necessities of the domestic worker to include at least
three (3) adequate meals a day and humane sleeping arrangements that ensure safety.
The employer shall provide appropriate rest and assistance to the domestic worker in case of illnesses and injuries sustained during service without
loss of benefits.
At no instance shall the employer withdraw or hold in abeyance the provision of these basic necessities as punishment or disciplinary action to the
domestic worker.
SEC. 7. Guarantee of Privacy. – Respect for the privacy of the domestic worker shall be guaranteed at all times and shall extend to all forms of
communication and personal effects. This guarantee equally recognizes that the domestic worker is obliged to render satisfactory service at all times.
SEC. 8. Access to Outside Communication. – The employer shall grant the domestic worker access to outside communication during free
time: Provided, That in case of emergency, access to communication shall be granted even during work time. Should the domestic worker make use
of the employer’s telephone or other communication facilities, the costs shall be borne by the domestic worker, unless such charges are waived by the
employer.
SEC. 9. Right to Education and Training. – The employer shall afford the domestic worker the opportunity to finish basic education and may allow
access to alternative learning systems and, as far as practicable, higher education or technical and vocational training. The employer shall adjust the
work schedule of the domestic worker to allow such access to education or training without hampering the services required by the employer.
SEC. 10. Prohibition Against Privileged Information. – All communication and information pertaining to the employer or members of the household
shall be treated as privileged and confidential, and shall not be publicly disclosed by the domestic worker during and after employment. Such
privileged information shall be inadmissible in evidence except when the suit involves the employer or any member of the household in a crime
against persons, property, personal liberty and security, and chastity.
SEC. 14. Deposits for Loss or Damage. – It shall be unlawful for the employer or any other person to require a domestic worker to make deposits
from which deductions shall be made for the reimbursement of loss or damage to tools, materials, furniture and equipment in the household.
SEC. 15. Prohibition on Debt Bondage. – It shall be unlawful for the employer or any person acting on behalf of the employer to place the domestic
worker under debt bondage.
RA 10022 (Amendatory law of Section 2. (amending Sec. 3 of RA 8042)
RA 8042 or the (a) ―Overseas Filipino Worker” refers to a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of
Migrant Workers and which he or she is not a citizen or on board a vessel navigating the foreign seas other than the government ship used for military or non-commercial
Overseas Filipinos Act purposes or on an installation located offshore or on the high seas; to be used interchangeably with migrant worker.
of 1995)
Notes: By this definition, according to Atty. Ching, there are 2 classifications of OFW:
1. Land-based OFW; and
2. Sea-based OFW
Section 3. (amending Sec. 4)
"SEC. 4. Deployment of Migrant Workers. - The State shall allow the deployment of overseas Filipino workers only in countries where the rights of
Filipino migrant workers are protected. The government recognizes any of the following as a guarantee on the part of the receiving country for the
protection of the rights of overseas Filipino workers:
"(a) It has existing labor and social laws protecting the rights of workers, including migrant workers;
"(b) It is a signatory to and/or a ratifier of multilateral conventions, declarations or resolutions relating to the protection of workers, including
migrant workers; and
"(c) It has concluded a bilateral agreement or arrangement with the government on the protection of the rights of overseas Filipino Workers:
Provided, That the receiving country is taking positive, concrete measures to protect the rights of migrant workers in furtherance of any of the
guarantees under subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) hereof.

"In the absence of a clear showing that any of the aforementioned guarantees exists in the country of destination of the migrant workers, no permit for
deployment shall be issued by the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA).
"The members of the POEA Governing Board who actually voted in favor of an order allowing the deployment of migrant workers without any of
the aforementioned guarantees shall suffer the penalties of removal or dismissal from service with disqualification to hold any appointive public
office for five (5) years, Further, the government official or employee responsible for the issuance of the permit or for allowing the deployment of
migrant workers in violation of this section and in direct contravention of an order by the POEA Governing Board prohibiting deployment shall be
meted the same penalties in this section.
"For this purpose, the Department of Foreign Affairs, through its foreign posts, shall issue a certification to the POEA, specifying therein the
pertinent provisions of the receiving country's labor/social law, or the convention/declaration/resolution, or the bilateral agreement/arrangement
which protect the rights of migrant workers.
"The State shall also allow the deployment of overseas Filipino workers to vessels navigating the foreign seas or to installations located offshore or
on high seas whose owners/employers are compliant with international laws and standards that protect the rights of migrant workers.
"The State shall likewise allow the deployment of overseas Filipino workers to companies and contractors with international operations: Provided,
That they are compliant with standards, conditions and requirements, as embodied in the employment contracts prescribed by the POEA and in
accordance with internationally-accepted standards."
"SEC. 5. Termination or Ban on Deployment. - Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4 hereof, in pursuit of the national interest or when public
welfare so requires, the POEA Governing Board, after consultation with the Department of Foreign Affairs, may, at any time, terminate or impose a
ban on the deployment of migrant workers."
SEC. 6. Definition. - For purposes of this Act, illegal recruitment shall mean any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting, utilizing,
hiring, or procuring workers and includes referring, contract services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, whether for profit or not,
when undertaken by non-licensee or non-holder of authority contemplated under Article 13(f) of Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended, otherwise
known as the Labor Code of the Philippines: Provided, That any such non-licensee or non-holder who, in any manner, offers or promises for a fee
employment abroad to two or more persons shall be deemed so engaged. It shall likewise include the following acts, whether committed by any
person, whether a non-licensee, non-holder, licensee or holder of authority:
"(a) To charge or accept directly or indirectly any amount greater than that specified in the schedule of allowable fees prescribed by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment, or to make a worker pay or acknowledge any amount greater than that actually received by him as a
loan or advance;
"(b) To furnish or publish any false notice or information or document in relation to recruitment or employment;

"(c) To give any false notice, testimony, information or document or commit any act of misrepresentation for the purpose of securing a
license or authority under the Labor Code, or for the purpose of documenting hired workers with the POEA, which include the act of
reprocessing workers through a job order that pertains to nonexistent work, work different from the actual overseas work, or work with a
different employer whether registered or not with the POEA;
"(d) To include or attempt to induce a worker already employed to quit his employment in order to offer him another unless the transfer is
designed to liberate a worker from oppressive terms and conditions of employment;
"(e) To influence or attempt to influence any person or entity not to employ any worker who has not applied for employment through his
agency or who has formed, joined or supported, or has contacted or is supported by any union or workers' organization;
"(f) To engage in the recruitment or placement of workers in jobs harmful to public health or morality or to the dignity of the Republic of the
Philippines;
"(h) To fail to submit reports on the status of employment, placement vacancies, remittance of foreign exchange earnings, separation from
jobs, departures and such other matters or information as may be required by the Secretary of Labor and Employment;
"(i) To substitute or alter to the prejudice of the worker, employment contracts approved and verified by the Department of Labor and
Employment from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the period of the expiration of the same without the
approval of the Department of Labor and Employment;
"(j) For an officer or agent of a recruitment or placement agency to become an officer or member of the Board of any corporation engaged in
travel agency or to be engaged directly or indirectly in the management of travel agency;
"(k) To withhold or deny travel documents from applicant workers before departure for monetary or financial considerations, or for any other
reasons, other than those authorized under the Labor Code and its implementing rules and regulations;
"(l) Failure to actually deploy a contracted worker without valid reason as determined by the Department of Labor and Employment;
"(m) Failure to reimburse expenses incurred by the worker in connection with his documentation and processing for purposes of deployment,
in cases where the deployment does not actually take place without the worker's fault. Illegal recruitment when committed by a syndicate or
in large scale shall be considered an offense involving economic sabotage; and
"(n) To allow a non-Filipino citizen to head or manage a licensed recruitment/manning agency.
"Illegal recruitment is deemed committed by a syndicate if carried out by a group of three (3) or more persons conspiring or confederating
with one another. It is deemed committed in large scale if committed against three (3) or more persons individually or as a group.
"In addition to the acts enumerated above, it shall also be unlawful for any person or entity to commit the following prohibited acts:
"(1) Grant a loan to an overseas Filipino worker with interest exceeding eight percent (8%) per annum, which will be used for payment of
legal and allowable placement fees and make the migrant worker issue, either personally or through a guarantor or accommodation party,
postdated checks in relation to the said loan;
"(2) Impose a compulsory and exclusive arrangement whereby an overseas Filipino worker is required to avail of a loan only from
specifically designated institutions, entities or persons;
"(3) Refuse to condone or renegotiate a loan incurred by an overseas Filipino worker after the latter's employment contract has been
prematurely terminated through no fault of his or her own;
"(4) Impose a compulsory and exclusive arrangement whereby an overseas Filipino worker is required to undergo health examinations only
from specifically designated medical clinics, institutions, entities or persons, except in the case of a seafarer whose medical examination cost
is shouldered by the principal/shipowner;
"(5) Impose a compulsory and exclusive arrangement whereby an overseas Filipino worker is required to undergo training, seminar,
instruction or schooling of any kind only from specifically designated institutions, entities or persons, except fpr recommendatory trainings
mandated by principals/shipowners where the latter shoulder the cost of such trainings;
"(6) For a suspended recruitment/manning agency to engage in any kind of recruitment activity including the processing of pending workers'
applications; and
"(7) For a recruitment/manning agency or a foreign principal/employer to pass on the overseas Filipino worker or deduct from his or her
salary the payment of the cost of insurance fees, premium or other insurance related charges, as provided under the compulsory worker's
insurance coverage.
"The persons criminally liable for the above offenses are the principals, accomplices and accessories. In case of juridical persons, the officers having
ownership, control, management or direction of their business who are responsible for the commission of the offense and the responsible
employees/agents thereof shall be liable.
"In the filing of cases for illegal recruitment or any of the prohibited acts under this section, the Secretary of Labor and Employment, the POEA
Administrator or their duly authorized representatives, or any aggrieved person may initiate the corresponding criminal action with the appropriate
office. For this purpose, the affidavits and testimonies of operatives or personnel from the Department of Labor and Employment, POEA and other
law enforcement agencies who witnessed the acts constituting the offense shall be sufficient to prosecute the accused.
"In the prosecution of offenses punishable under this section, the public prosecutors of the Department of Justice shall collaborate with the anti-illegal
recruitment branch of the POEA and, in certain cases, allow the POEA lawyers to take the lead in the prosecution. The POEA lawyers who act as
prosecutors in such cases shall be entitled to receive additional allowances as may be determined by the POEA Administrator.
"The filing of an offense punishable under this Act shall be without prejudice to the filing of cases punishable under other existing laws, rules or
regulations."

"SEC. 10. MONEY CLAIMS. - Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, the Labor Arbiters of the National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC) shall have the ORIGINAL AND EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION to hear and decide, within ninety (90) calendar days after
the filing of the complaint, the claims arising out of an employer-employee relationship or by virtue of any law or contract involving Filipino workers
for overseas deployment including claims for actual, moral, exemplary and other forms of damage. Consistent with this mandate, the NLRC shall
endeavor to update and keep abreast with the developments in the global services industry.
"The liability of the principal/employer and the recruitment/placement agency for any and all claims under this section shall be joint and several. This
provision shall be incorporated in the contract for overseas employment and shall be a condition precedent for its approval. The performance bond to
de filed by the recruitment/placement agency, as provided by law, shall be answerable for all money claims or damages that may be awarded to the
workers. If the recruitment/placement agency is a juridical being, the corporate officers and directors and partners as the case may be, shall
themselves be jointly and solidarily liable with the corporation or partnership for the aforesaid claims and damages.
"Such liabilities shall continue during the entire period or duration of the employment contract and shall not be affected by any substitution,
amendment or modification made locally or in a foreign country of the said contract.
"Any compromise/amicable settlement or voluntary agreement on money claims inclusive of damages under this section shall be paid within thirty
(30) days from approval of the settlement by the appropriate authority.
"In case of termination of overseas employment without just, valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract, or any unauthorized deductions
from the migrant worker's salary, the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement if his placement fee and the deductions made with interest at
twelve percent (12%) per annum, plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or for three (3) months for every year of the
unexpired term, whichever is less.
"In case of a final and executory judgement against a foreign employer/principal, it shall be automatically disqualified, without further proceedings,
from participating in the Philippine Overseas Employment Program and from recruiting and hiring Filipino workers until and unless it fully satisfies
the judgement award.
"Noncompliance with the mandatory periods for resolutions of case provided under this section shall subject the responsible officials to any or all of
the following penalties:
"(a) The salary of any such official who fails to render his decision or resolution within the prescribed period shall be, or caused to be,
withheld until the said official complies therewith;
"(b) Suspension for not more than ninety (90) days; or
"(c) Dismissal from the service with disqualification to hold any appointive public office for five (5) years.
"Provided, however, That the penalties herein provided shall be without prejudice to any liability which any such official may have incured under

other existing laws or rules and regulations as a consequence of violating the provisions of this paragraph."
"SEC. 13. Free Legal Assistance; Preferential Entitlement Under the Witness Protection Program. - A mechanism for free legal assistance for
victims of illegal recruitment shall be established in the anti-illegal recruitment branch of the POEA including its regional offices. Such mechanism
shall include coordination and cooperation with the Department of Justice, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and other non-governmental
organizations and volunteer groups."
"SEC. 16. Mandatory Repatriation of Underage Migrant Workers. - Upon discovery or being informed of the presence of migrant workers whose
ages fall below the minimum age requirement for overseas deployment, the responsible officers in the foreign service shall without delay repatriate
said workers and advise the Department of Foreign Affairs through the fastest means of communication available of such discovery and other
relevant information. The license of a recruitment/manning agency which recruited or deployed an underage migrant worker shall be automatically
revoked and shall be imposed a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php 500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php
1,000,000.00). All fees pertinent to the processing of papers or documents in the recruitment or deployment shall be refunded in full by the
responsible recruitment/manning agency, without need of notice, to the underage migrant worker or to his parents or guardian. The refund shall be
independent of and in addition to the indemnification for the damages sustained by the underage migrant worker. The refund shall be paid within
thirty (30) days from the date of the mandatory repatriation as provided for in this Act."
IRR OF RA 10022
Section 6. Jurisdiction of the POEA. The POEA shall exercise original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide:
(a) all cases which are administrative in character, involving or arising out of violations of Rules and Regulations relating to licensing and
registration, including refund of fees collected from the workers and violation of the conditions for issuance of license to recruit workers;
(Based on jurisdictional areas under the POEA Charter or E.O. 247, as amended.)
(b) disciplinary action cases and other special cases, which are administrative in character, involving employers, principals, contracting
partners and OFWs processed by the POEA.
RA 10151 (AN ACT "Article 154. Coverage. - This chapter' shall apply to all persons, who shall be employed or permitted or suffered to work at night, except those
ALLOWING THE employed in agriculture, stock raising, fishing, maritime transport and inland navigation, during a period of not less than seven (7) consecutive hours,
EMPLOYMENT OF including the interval from midnight to five o'clock in the morning, to be determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, after consulting the
NIGIIT WORKERS, workers' representatives/labor organizations and employers.
THEREBY
REPEALING "'Night worker' means any employed person whose work requires performance of a substantial number of hours of night work which exceeds a
ARTICLES 130 AND specified limit. This limit shall be fixed by the Secretary of Labor after consulting the workers' representatives/labor organizations and employers."
131 OF
PRESIDENTIAL "Article 155. Health Assessment. - At their request, workers shall have the right to undergo a health assessment without charge and to receive advice
DECREE NUMBER
FOUR HUNDRED on how to reduce or avoid health problems associated with their work:
FORTY-TWO, AS
AMENDED, "(a) Before taking up an assignment as a night worker;
OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE "(b) At regular intervals during such an assignment; and
LABOR CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES) "(c) If they experience health problems during such, an assignment which are not caused by factors other than the performance of night work.
"With the exception of a finding of unfitness for night work, the findings of such assessments shall not be transmitted to others without the workers'
consent and shall not be used to their detriment."
"Article 157. Transfer. - Night workers who are certified as unfit for night work, due to health reasons, shall be transferred, whenever practicable, to
a similar job for which they are fit to work.
"If such transfer to a similar job is not practicable, these workers shall be granted the same benefits as other workers who are unable to work, or to
secure employment during such period.
"A night worker certified as temporarily unfit for night work shall be given the same protection against dismissal or notice of dismissal as other
workers who are prevented from working for reasons of health."
"Article 159. Compensation. The compensation for night workers in the form of working time, pay or similar benefits shall recognize the exceptional
nature of night work."
WOMEN
RA 9710 The Magna Carta of 1. Seeks to eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment and promotion of the rights of Filipino women, especially those
Women belonging in the marginalized sectors.
2. Commitment to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
3. Salient Features:
- Increasing the number of women in 3rd level positions in government to achieve a 50-50 gender balance within the next 5 years while the
composition of women in all levels of development planning and program implementation will be at least 40%
- Leave benefits of 2 months with full pay based on gross monthly compensation for women employees who undergo surgery caused by
gynecological disorders, provided that they have rendered continuous aggregate employment service of at least 6 months for the last 12 months.
- Nondiscrimination in employment in the field of military, police and other similar services that include according the same promotional privileges
and opportunities as their men counterpart, including pay increases, additional benefits, and awards, based on competency and quality of
performance.
- Provision for equal access and elimination of discrimination in education, scholarships, and training. Expulsion, non-readmission, prohibit
enrollment, and other related discrimination of women students and faculty due to pregnancy out of marriage shall be outlawed.
- Nondiscriminatory and non-derogatory portrayal of women in media and film to raise the consciousness of the general public in recognizing the
dignity of women and the role and contribution of women in family, community, and the society through the strategic use of mass media.
- Equal status given to men and women on the titling of the land and issuance of stewardship contracts and patents.
RA 9262 Anti-Violence Against Section 3.

Women and Their (b) "Battery" refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or her child resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional
Children Act of 2004 distress.
(Anti-VAWC)
(c) "Battered Woman Syndrome" refers to a scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in
battering relationships as a result of cumulative abuse.
(h) "Children" refers to those below eighteen (18) years of age or older but are incapable of taking care of themselves as defined under Republic Act
No. 7610. As used in this Act, it includes the biological children of the victim and other children under her care.
SECTION 5. Acts of Violence Against Women and Their Children.- The crime of violence against women and their children is committed through
any of the following acts:
(a) Causing physical harm to the woman or her child;
(b) Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(c) Attempting to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(d) Placing the woman or her child in fear of imminent physical harm;
(e) Attempting to compel or compelling the woman or her child to engage in conduct which the woman or her child has the right to desist
from or desist from conduct which the woman or her child has the right to engage in, or attempting to restrict or restricting the woman's or
her child's freedom of movement or conduct by force or threat of force, physical or other harm or threat of physical or other harm, or
intimidation directed against the woman or child. This shall include, but not limited to, the following acts committed with the purpose or
effect of controlling or restricting the woman's or her child's movement or conduct:
(1) Threatening to deprive or actually depriving the woman or her child of custody to her/his family;
(2) Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her children of financial support legally due her or her family, or deliberately
providing the woman's children insufficient financial support;
(3) Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her child of a legal right;
(4) Preventing the woman in engaging in any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity or controlling the victim's own
mon4ey or properties, or solely controlling the conjugal or common money, or properties;
(f) Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical harm on oneself for the purpose of controlling her actions or decisions;
(g) Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to engage in any sexual activity which does not constitute rape, by force or threat
of force, physical harm, or through intimidation directed against the woman or her child or her/his immediate family;
(h) Engaging in purposeful, knowing, or reckless conduct, personally or through another, that alarms or causes substantial emotional or
psychological distress to the woman or her child. This shall include, but not be limited to, the following acts:
(1) Stalking or following the woman or her child in public or private places;
(2) Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of the woman or her child;
(3) Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the woman or her child against her/his will;
(4) Destroying the property and personal belongings or inflicting harm to animals or pets of the woman or her child; and
(5) Engaging in any form of harassment or violence;
(i) Causing mental or emotional anguish, public ridicule or humiliation to the woman or her child, including, but not limited to, repeated
verbal and emotional abuse, and denial of financial support or custody of minor children of access to the woman's child/children.
SECTION 7. Venue.- The Regional Trial Court designated as a Family Court shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over cases of violence
against women and their children under this law. In the absence of such court in the place where the offense was committed, the case shall be filed in
the Regional Trial Court where the crime or any of its elements was committed at the option of the compliant.
SECTION 9. Who may file Petition for Protection Orders. – A petition for protection order may be filed by any of the following:
(a) the offended party;
(b) parents or guardians of the offended party;
(c) ascendants, descendants or collateral relatives within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity;
(d) officers or social workers of the DSWD or social workers of local government units (LGUs);
(e) police officers, preferably those in charge of women and children's desks;
(f) Punong Barangay or Barangay Kagawad;
(g) lawyer, counselor, therapist or healthcare provider of the petitioner;
(h) At least two (2) concerned responsible citizens of the city or municipality where the violence against women and their children occurred
and who has personal knowledge of the offense committed.
SECTION 24. Prescriptive Period. – Acts falling under Sections 5(a) to 5(f) shall prescribe in twenty (20) years. Acts falling under Sections 5(g) to
5(I) shall prescribe in ten (10) years.
SECTION 25. Public Crime. – Violence against women and their children shall be considered a public offense which may be prosecuted upon the
filing of a complaint by any citizen having personal knowledge of the circumstances involving the commission of the crime.
SECTION 26. Battered Woman Syndrome as a Defense. – Victim-survivors who are found by the courts to be suffering from battered woman
syndrome do not incur any criminal and civil liability notwithstanding the absence of any of the elements for justifying circumstances of self-defense
under the Revised Penal Code.
In the determination of the state of mind of the woman who was suffering from battered woman syndrome at the time of the commission of the crime,
the courts shall be assisted by expert psychiatrists/ psychologists.
SECTION 27. Prohibited Defense. – Being under the influence of alcohol, any illicit drug, or any other mind-altering substance shall not be a
defense under this Act.
SECTION 28. Custody of children. – The woman victim of violence shall be entitled to the custody and support of her child/children. Children
below seven (7) years old older but with mental or physical disabilities shall automatically be given to the mother, with right to support, unless the
court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise.
A victim who is suffering from battered woman syndrome shall not be disqualified from having custody of her children. In no case shall custody of
minor children be given to the perpetrator of a woman who is suffering from Battered woman syndrome.
OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS
RA 9346 An Act Prohibiting SECTION 1. The imposition of the penalty of death is hereby prohibited. Accordingly, Republic Act No. Eight Thousand One Hundred Seventy-
the Imposition of Seven (R.A. No. 8177), otherwise known as the Act Designating Death by Lethal Injection is hereby repealed. Republic Act No. Seven Thousand Six
Death Penalty in the Hundred Fifty-Nine (R.A. No. 7659), otherwise known as the Death Penalty Law, and all other laws, executive orders and decrees, insofar as they
impose the death penalty are hereby repealed or amended accordingly.
Philippines
SEC. 2. In lieu of the death penalty, the following shall be imposed.
(a) the penalty of reclusion perpetua, when the law violated makes use of the nomenclature of the penalties of the Revised Penal Code; or
(b) the penalty of life imprisonment, when the law violated does not make use of the nomenclature of the penalties of the Revised Penal
Code.
SEC. 3. Person convicted of offenses punished with reclusion perpetua, or whose sentences will be reduced to reclusion perpetua, by reason of this
Act, shall not be eligible for parole under Act No. 4180, otherwise known as the Indeterminate Sentence Law, as amended.

RA 9745 Anti-Torture Act of Section 3. Definitions

2009 (a) Torture refers to:
- an act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from
him/her or a third person information or a confession
- punishing him/her for an act he/she or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed
- intimidating or coercing him/her or a third person
- for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a
person in authority or agent of a person in authority.
(It does not include pain or buffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.)
Section 4. Acts of Torture. - For purposes of this Act, torture shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(a) Physical torture is a form of treatment or punishment inflicted by a person in authority or agent of a person in authority upon another in
his/her custody that causes severe pain, exhaustion, disability or dysfunction of one or more parts of the body, such as:
(1) Systematic beating, headbanging, punching, kicking, striking with truncheon or rifle butt or other similar objects, and jumping on
the stomach;
(2) Food deprivation or forcible feeding with spoiled food, animal or human excreta and other stuff or substances not normally eaten;
(3) Electric shock;
(4) Cigarette burning; burning by electrically heated rods, hot oil, acid; by the rubbing of pepper or other chemical substances on
mucous membranes, or acids or spices directly on the wound(s);
(5) The submersion of the head in water or water polluted with excrement, urine, vomit and/or blood until the brink of suffocation;
(6) Being tied or forced to assume fixed and stressful bodily position;
(7) Rape and sexual abuse, including the insertion of foreign objects into the sex organ or rectum, or electrical torture of the genitals;
(8) Mutilation or amputation of the essential parts of the body such as the genitalia, ear, tongue, etc.;
(9) Dental torture or the forced extraction of the teeth;
(10) Pulling out of fingernails;
(11) Harmful exposure to the elements such as sunlight and extreme cold;

(12) The use of plastic bag and other materials placed over the head to the point of asphyxiation;
(13) The use of psychoactive drugs to change the perception, memory. alertness or will of a person, such as:
(i) The administration or drugs to induce confession and/or reduce mental competency; or
(ii) The use of drugs to induce extreme pain or certain symptoms of a disease; and
(14) Other analogous acts of physical torture; and
(b) "Mental/Psychological Torture" refers to acts committed by a person in authority or agent of a person in authority which are calculated to
affect or confuse the mind and/or undermine a person's dignity and morale, such as:
(1) Blindfolding;
(2) Threatening a person(s) or his/fher relative(s) with bodily harm, execution or other wrongful acts;
(3) Confinement in solitary cells or secret detention places;
(4) Prolonged interrogation;
(5) Preparing a prisoner for a "show trial", public display or public humiliation of a detainee or prisoner;
(6) Causing unscheduled transfer of a person deprived of liberty from one place to another, creating the belief that he/she shall be
summarily executed;
(7) Maltreating a member/s of a person's family;
(8) Causing the torture sessions to be witnessed by the person's family, relatives or any third party;
(9) Denial of sleep/rest;
(10) Shame infliction such as stripping the person naked, parading him/her in public places, shaving the victim's head or putting
marks on his/her body against his/her will;
(11) Deliberately prohibiting the victim to communicate with any member of his/her family; and
(12) Other analogous acts of mental/psychological torture.
Section 5. Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. - Other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment refers to a
deliberate and aggravated treatment or punishment not enumerated under Section 4 of this Act, inflicted by a person in authority or agent of a person
in authority against another person in custody, which attains a level of severity sufficient to cause suffering, gross humiliation or debasement to the
latter. The assessment of the level of severity shall depend on all the circumstances of the case, including the duration of the treatment or punishment,
its physical and mental effects and, in some cases, the sex, religion, age and state of health of the victim.
Section 8. Applicability of the Exclusionary Rule; Exception. - Any confession, admission or statement obtained as a result of torture shall be
inadmissible in evidence in any proceedings, except if the same is used as evidence against a person or persons accused of committing torture.
Section 9. Institutional Protection of Torture Victims and Other Persons Involved. - A victim of torture shall have the following rights in the
institution of a criminal complaint for torture:
(a) To have a prompt and an impartial investigation by the CHR and by agencies of government concerned such as the Department of Justice
(DOJ), the Public Attorney's Office (PAO), the PNP, the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and the AFP. A prompt investigation shall
mean a maximum period of sixty (60) working days from the time a complaint for torture is filed within which an investigation report and/or
resolution shall be completed and made available. An appeal whenever available shall be resolved within the same period prescribed herein,
(b) To have sufficient government protection against all forms of harassment; threat and/or intimidation as a consequence of the filing of said
complaint or the presentation of evidence therefor. In which case, the State through its appropriate agencies shall afford security in order to
ensure his/her safety and all other persons involved in the investigation and prosecution such as, but not limited to, his/her lawyer, witnesses
and relatives; and
(c) To be accorded sufficient protection in the manner by which he/she testifies and presents evidence in any fora in order to avoid further
trauma.
Section 11. Assistance in Filing a Complaint. - The CHR and the PAO shall render legal assistance in the investigation and monitoring and/or filing
of the complaint for a person who suffers torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, or for any interested party thereto.
The victim or interested party may also seek legal assistance from the Barangay Human Rights Action Center (BRRAC) nearest him/her as well as
from human rights nongovernment organizations (NGOs).
RA 10175 Cybercrime Section 4. Cybercrime Offenses. — The following acts constitute the offense of cybercrime punishable under this Act:
Prevention Act of
2012 (a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems:
(1) Illegal Access. – The access to the whole or any part of a computer system without right.
(2) Illegal Interception. – The interception made by technical means without right of any non-public transmission of computer data
to, from, or within a computer system including electromagnetic emissions from a computer system carrying such computer data.
(3) Data Interference. — The intentional or reckless alteration, damaging, deletion or deterioration of computer data, electronic
document, or electronic data message, without right, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
(4) System Interference. — The intentional alteration or reckless hindering or interference with the functioning of a computer or
computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data or program,
electronic document, or electronic data message, without right or authority, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
(5) Misuse of Devices.
(i) The use, production, sale, procurement, importation, distribution, or otherwise making available, without right, of:
(aa) A device, including a computer program, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any of
the offenses under this Act; or
(bb) A computer password, access code, or similar data by which the whole or any part of a computer system is
capable of being accessed with intent that it be used for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under this
Act.
(ii) The possession of an item referred to in paragraphs 5(i)(aa) or (bb) above with intent to use said devices for the purpose
of committing any of the offenses under this section.
(6) Cyber-squatting. – The acquisition of a domain name over the internet in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, and
deprive others from registering the same, if such a domain name is:
(i) Similar, identical, or confusingly similar to an existing trademark registered with the appropriate government agency at
the time of the domain name registration:
(ii) Identical or in any way similar with the name of a person other than the registrant, in case of a personal name; and
(iii) Acquired without right or with intellectual property interests in it.
(b) Computer-related Offenses:
(1) Computer-related Forgery. —
(i) The input, alteration, or deletion of any computer data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be
considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether or not the data is directly readable and
intelligible; or
(ii) The act of knowingly using computer data which is the product of computer-related forgery as defined herein, for the

purpose of perpetuating a fraudulent or dishonest design.
(2) Computer-related Fraud. — The unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program or interference in the
functioning of a computer system, causing damage thereby with fraudulent intent: Provided, That if no
damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.
(3) Computer-related Identity Theft. – The intentional acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of
identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or juridical, without right: Provided, That if no damage has yet been
caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.
(c) Content-related Offenses:
(1) Cybersex. — The willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation, directly or indirectly, of any lascivious exhibition of
sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system, for favor or consideration.
(2) Child Pornography. — The unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti-
Child Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer system: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall be (1)
one degree higher than that provided for in Republic Act No. 9775.
(3) Unsolicited Commercial Communications. — The transmission of commercial electronic communication with the use of
computer system which seek to advertise, sell, or offer for sale products and services are prohibited unless:
(i) There is prior affirmative consent from the recipient; or
(ii) The primary intent of the communication is for service and/or administrative announcements from the sender to its
existing users, subscribers or customers; or
(iii) The following conditions are present:
(aa) The commercial electronic communication contains a simple, valid, and reliable way for the recipient to reject.
receipt of further commercial electronic messages (opt-out) from the same source;
(bb) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely disguise the source of the electronic message;
and
(cc) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely include misleading information in any part of the
message in order to induce the recipients to read the message.
(4) Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committed

through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future.
Section 5. Other Offenses. — The following acts shall also constitute an offense:
(a) Aiding or Abetting in the Commission of Cybercrime. – Any person who willfully abets or aids in the commission of any of the offenses
enumerated in this Act shall be held liable.
(b) Attempt in the Commission of Cybercrime. — Any person who willfully attempts to commit any of the offenses enumerated in this Act
shall be held liable.
Section 6. All crimes defined and penalized by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, if committed by, through and with the use of
information and communications technologies shall be covered by the relevant provisions of this Act: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall
be one (1) degree higher than that provided for by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, as the case may be.
Section 7. Liability under Other Laws. — A prosecution under this Act shall be without prejudice to any liability for violation of any provision of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended, or special laws.
RA 10353 Anti-Enforced or  Criminalized the act of Enforced Disappearance (ED)
Involuntary  Enforced or involuntary disappearance – arrest, detention, abduction or any other form of deprivation of liberty committed by agents of the State
Disappearance Act of or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the
2012 deprivation of liberty or by concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person, which places such person outside the protection of
the law
 Right against ED is non-derogable at all times (even in times of political instability, threat of war, state of war or other public emergencies; even
if it is an ―Order of Battle‖, where any person receiving said order shall have the right to disobey it
 Rights of victims of ED:
o Access to communication in order to inform his family, lawyer, CHR and media members of his whereabouts and condition; immediate
access is available to persons arrested by virtue of a warrantless arrest
o PNP Officer must always be available to issue a certification in writing about the presence or absence of information re the whereabouts
of disappeared person; certification must be issued immediately but not beyond 4 hours from inquiry (if done with the head of the
detention facility), or 5 calendar days (if made with the Police Provincial Office) or 7 days (if made with the Police Regional Office or
the National Headquarters)
o Persons detained or confined must only be placed in officially recognized and controlled places of detention/confinement and where an
official up-to-date register of such persons shall be maintained
 Commanding Officer or Superior will be held liable as principal if acts committed by him have led, assisted, abetted or allowed, whether directly
or indirectly, to the commission of ED by his/her subordinates
 PNP personnel who committed or participated in the commission of the ED shall also be civilly liable
 Persons charged with committing acts of ED shall not benefit from any special amnesty law or other similar measures that exempt an individual
from any penal proceedings or sanctions
ED is a continuing offense if offender continues to conceal the fate and whereabouts of the victim
RA9208 Anti-Trafficking in Section 3.
Persons Act of 2003
(a) Trafficking in Persons - refers to the recruitment, transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim's consent or
knowledge, within or across national borders by means of threat or use of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of
power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of
a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others
or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of organs.
The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall also be considered as "trafficking in
persons" even if it does not involve any of the means set forth in the preceding paragraph.
(b) Child - refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or one who is over eighteen (18) but is unable to fully take care of or protect
himself/herself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition.
(h) Pornography - refers to any representation, through publication, exhibition, cinematography, indecent shows, information technology, or by
whatever means, of a person engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a person for primarily
sexual purposes.
Section 4. Acts of Trafficking in Persons. - It shall be unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to commit any of the following acts:
(a) To recruit, transport, transfer; harbor, provide, or receive a person by any means, including those done under the pretext of domestic or
overseas employment or training or apprenticeship, for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,
involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(b) To introduce or match for money, profit, or material, economic or other consideration, any person or, as provided for under Republic Act
No. 6955, any Filipino woman to a foreign national, for marriage for the purpose of acquiring, buying, offering, selling or trading him/her to
engage in prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(c) To offer or contract marriage, real or simulated, for the purpose of acquiring, buying, offering, selling, or trading them to engage in
prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor or slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(d) To undertake or organize tours and travel plans consisting of tourism packages or activities for the purpose of utilizing and offering
persons for prostitution, pornography or sexual exploitation;
(e) To maintain or hire a person to engage in prostitution or pornography;
(f) To adopt or facilitate the adoption of persons for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,
involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(g) To recruit, hire, adopt, transport or abduct a person, by means of threat or use of force, fraud, deceit, violence, coercion, or intimidation
for the purpose of removal or sale of organs of said person; and
(h) To recruit, transport or adopt a child to engage in armed activities in the Philippines or abroad.

Section 5. Acts that Promote Trafficking in Persons. - The following acts which promote or facilitate trafficking in persons, shall be unlawful:
(a) To knowingly lease or sublease, use or allow to be used any house, building or establishment for the purpose of promoting trafficking in
persons;
(b) To produce, print and issue or distribute unissued, tampered or fake counseling certificates, registration stickers and certificates of any
government agency which issues these certificates and stickers as proof of compliance with government regulatory and pre-departure
requirements for the purpose of promoting trafficking in persons;
(c) To advertise, publish, print, broadcast or distribute, or cause the advertisement, publication, printing, broadcasting or distribution by any
means, including the use of information technology and the internet, of any brochure, flyer, or any propaganda material that promotes
trafficking in persons;
(d) To assist in the conduct of misrepresentation or fraud for purposes of facilitating the acquisition of clearances and necessary exit
documents from government agencies that are mandated to provide pre-departure registration and services for departing persons for the
purpose of promoting trafficking in persons;
(e) To facilitate, assist or help in the exit and entry of persons from/to the country at international and local airports, territorial boundaries and
seaports who are in possession of unissued, tampered or fraudulent travel documents for the purpose of promoting trafficking in persons;
(f) To confiscate, conceal, or destroy the passport, travel documents, or personal documents or belongings of trafficked persons in
furtherance of trafficking or to prevent them from leaving the country or seeking redress from the government or appropriate agencies; and
(g) To knowingly benefit from, financial or otherwise, or make use of, the labor or services of a person held to a condition of involuntary
servitude, forced labor, or slavery.
Section 6. Qualified Trafficking in Persons. - The following are considered as qualified trafficking:
(a) When the trafficked person is a child;
(b) When the adoption is effected through Republic Act No. 8043, otherwise known as the "Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995" and said
adoption is for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(c) When the crime is committed by a syndicate, or in large scale. Trafficking is deemed committed by a syndicate if carried out by a group
of three (3) or more persons conspiring or confederating with one another. It is deemed committed in large scale if committed against three
(3) or more persons, individually or as a group;
(d) When the offender is an ascendant, parent, sibling, guardian or a person who exercises authority over the trafficked person or when the
offense is committed by a public officer or employee;

(e) When the trafficked person is recruited to engage in prostitution with any member of the military or law enforcement agencies;
(f) When the offender is a member of the military or law enforcement agencies; and
(g) When by reason or on occasion of the act of trafficking in persons, the offended party dies, becomes insane, suffers mutilation or is
afflicted with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Section 12. Prescriptive Period. - Trafficking cases under this Act shall prescribe in ten (10) years: Provided, however, That trafficking cases
committed by a syndicate or in a large scale as defined under Section 6 shall prescribe in twenty (20) years.
The prescriptive period shall commence to run from the day on which the trafficked person is delivered or released from the conditions of bondage
and shall be interrupted by the filing of the complaint or information and shall commence to run again when such proceedings terminate without the
accused being convicted or acquitted or are unjustifiably stopped for any reason not imputable to the accused.
RA 8353 The Anti-Rape Law of Section 2. Rape as a Crime Against Persons. - The crime of rape shall hereafter be classified as a Crime Against Persons under Title Eight of Act
1997 No. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code. Accordingly, there shall be incorporated into Title Eight of the same Code a new
chapter to be known as Chapter Three on Rape, to read as follows:
"Chapter Three
"Rape
"Article 266-A. Rape: When And How Committed. - Rape is committed:
"1) By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:
"a) Through force, threat, or intimidation;
"b) When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious;
"c) By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority; and
"d) When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age or is demented, even though none of the circumstances mentioned
above be present.
"2) By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1 hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting
his penis into another person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person.
"Article 266-B. Penalty. - Rape under paragraph 1 of the next preceding article shall be punished by reclusion perpetua.
"Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more persons, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to

death.
"When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane, the penalty shall become reclusion perpetua to death.
"When the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion thereof, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to
death.
"When by reason or on the occasion ofthe rape, homicide is committed, the penalty shall be death.
"The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of rape is committed with any of the following aggravating/qualifying circumstances:
"l) When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by
consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree, or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim;
"2) When the victim is under the custody of the police or military authorities or any law enforcement or penal institution;
"3) When the rape is committed in full view of the spouse, parent, any of the children or other relatives within the third civil degree of
consanguinity;
"4) When the victim is a religious engaged in legitimate religious vocation or calling and is personally known to be such by the offender
before or at the time of the commission of the crime;
"5) When the victim is a child below seven (7) years old;
"6) When the offender knows that he is afflicted with the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) or any other sexually transmissible disease and the virus or disease is transmitted to the victim;
"7) When committed by any member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or para-military units thereof or the Philippine National Police
or any law enforcement agency or penal institution, when the offender took advantage of his position to facilitate the commission of the
crime;
"8) When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has suffered permanent physical mutilation or disability;
"9) When the offender knew of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the commission of the crime; and
"10) When the offender knew of the mental disability, emotional disorder and/or physical handicap of the offended party at the time of the
commission of the crime.
"Rape under paragraph 2 of the next preceding article shall be punished by prision mayor.

"Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more persons, the penalty shall be prision mayor to reclusion
temporal.
"When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal.
"When the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion thereof, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal to
reclusion perpetua.
"When by reason or on the occasion ofthe rape, homicide is committed, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua.
"Reclusion temporal shall be imposed if the rape is committed with any of the ten aggravating/ qualifying circumstances mentioned in this
article.
"Article 266-C. Effect of Pardon. - The subsequent valid marriage between the offended party shall extinguish the criminal action or the
penalty imposed.
"In case it is the legal husband who is the offender, the subsequent forgiveness by the wife as the offended party shall extinguish the criminal
action or the penalty: Provided, That the crime shall not be extinguished or the penalty shall not be abated if the marriage is void ab initio.
"Article 266-D. Presumptions. - Any physical overt act manifesting resistance against the act of rape in any degree from the offended party,
or where the offended party is so situated as to render her/him incapable of giving valid consent, may be accepted as evidence in the
prosecution of the acts punished under Article 266-A."
RA 7877 Anti-Sexual SECTION 3. Work, Education or Training -Related, Sexual Harassment Defined. - Work, education or training-related sexual harassment is
Harassment Act of committed by an employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher, instructor, professor, coach, trainor, or any other person
1995 who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work or training or education environment, demands, requests or otherwise
requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted by the object of said
Act.
(a) In a work-related or employment environment, sexual harassment is committed when:
(1) The sexual favor is made as a condition in the hiring or in the employment, re-employment or continued employment of said
individual, or in granting said individual favorable compensation, terms of conditions, promotions, or privileges; or the refusal to grant the sexual
favor results in limiting, segregating or classifying the employee which in any way would discriminate, deprive ordiminish employment
opportunities or otherwise adversely affect said employee;
(2) The above acts would impair the employee's rights or privileges under existing labor laws; or
(3) The above acts would result in an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment for the employee.

(b) In an education or training environment, sexual harassment is committed:
(1) Against one who is under the care, custody or supervision of the offender;
(2) Against one whose education, training, apprenticeship or tutorship is entrusted to the offender;
(3) When the sexual favor is made a condition to the giving of a passing grade, or the granting of honors and scholarships, or the payment
of a stipend, allowance or other benefits, privileges, or consideration; or
(4) When the sexual advances result in an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment for the student, trainee or apprentice.
Any person who directs or induces another to commit any act of sexual harassment as herein defined, or who cooperates in the commission
thereof by another without which it would not have been committed, shall also be held liable under this Act.
SECTION 5. Liability of the Employer, Head of Office, Educational or Training Institution. - The employer or head of office, educational or training
institution shall be solidarily liable for damages arising from the acts of sexual harassment committed in the employment, education or training
environment if the employer or head of office, educational or training institution is informed of such acts by the offended party and no immediate
action is taken.
RA 9406 (AN ACT SEC. 3. A new Section 14-A, is hereby inserted in Chapter 5, Title III, Book IV of Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the "Administrative
REORGANIZING Code of 1987", to read as follows:
AND
STRENGTHENING "SEC. 14-A Powers and Functions. - The PAO shall independently discharge its mandate to render, free of charge, legal representation,
THE PUBLIC assistance, and counselling to indigent persons in criminal, civil, labor, administrative and other quasi-judicial cases. In the exigency of the
ATTORNEY'S service, the PAO may be called upon by proper government authorities to render such service to other persons, subject to existing laws, rules
OFFICE (PAO), and regulations."
AMENDING FOR
THE PURPOSE SEC. 4. Section 15, Chapter 5, Title III, Book IV of Executive Order No. 292, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as follows:
PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF "SEC. 15. Organizational Structure. - The PA0 shall consist of the following constituent units:
EXECUTIVE
ORDER NO. 292, (1) Office of the Chief Public Attorney and two (2) Deputy Chief Public Attorneys to serve as a 'Deputy Chief Public Attorney for
OTHERWISE Administration' and placed in charge of three divisions, namely; Administrative; Financial Planning and Management; and Executive
KNOWN AS THE Division, while the other to serve as 'Deputy Chief Public Attorney for Operations' and shall be responsible for special and appealed
"ADMINISTRATIVE cases; legal research; and field services and statistics upon the designation by the Chief Public Attorney. One of the deputies shall be
CODE OF 1987", AS designated as Deputy Chief Public Attorney for Luzon and the other Deputy Chief Public Attorney for Visayas and Mindanao.
AMENDED,
GRANTING
(2) SIX (6) line divisions in the Central Office, namely: Administrative, Financial Planning and Management, Special and Appealed
SPECIAL
Cases, Legal Research and Statistics, Field Services and Statistics, and Executive Division.
ALLOWANCE TO
PAO OFFICIALS
AND LAWYERS, (3) Regional, Provincial, City, and Municipal District Offices."
AND PROVIDING
FUNDS THEREFOR)
RA 6981 Witness Protection, Section 3. Admission into the Program. - Any person who has witnessed or has knowledge or information on the commission of a crime and has
Security and Benefit testified or is testifying or about to testify before any judicial or quasi-judicial body, or before any investigating authority, may be admitted into the
Act Program:
Provided, That:
a) the offense in which his testimony will be used is a grave felony as defined under the Revised Penal Code, or its equivalent under special
laws;lawphi1Ÿ
b) his testimony can be substantially corroborated in its material points;
c) he or any member of his family within the second civil degree of consanguinity or affinity is subjected to threats to his life or bodily injury
or there is a likelihood that he will be killed, forced, intimidated, harassed or corrupted to prevent him from testifying, or to testify falsely, or
evasively, because or on account of his testimony; and
d) he is not a law enforcement officer, even if he would be testifying against the other law enforcement officers. In such a case, only the
immediate members of his family may avail themselves of the protection provided for under this Act.
If the Department, after examination of said applicant and other relevant facts, is convinced that the requirements of this Act and its implementing
rules and regulations have been complied with, it shall admit said applicant to the Program, require said witness to execute a sworn statement
detailing his knowledge or information on the commission of the crime, and thereafter issue the proper certification. For purposes of this Act, any
such person admitted to the Program shall be known as the Witness.
Section 5. Memorandum of Agreement With the Person to be Protected. - Before a person is provided protection under this Act, he shall first
execute a memorandum of agreement which shall set forth his responsibilities including:
a) to testify before and provide information to all appropriate law enforcement officials concerning all appropriate proceedings in connection
with or arising from the activities involved in the offense charged;
b) to avoid the commission of the crime;lawphi1Ÿ
c) to take all necessary precautions to avoid detection by others of the facts concerning the protection provided him under this Act;
d) to comply with legal obligations and civil judgments against him;
e) to cooperate with respect to all reasonable requests of officers and employees of the Government who are providing protection under this
Act; and

f) to regularly inform the appropriate program official of his current activities and address.1awphi1©
Section 6. Breach of the Memorandum of Agreement. - Substantial breach of the memorandum of agreement shall be a ground for the termination
of the protection provided under this Act: Provided, however, That before terminating such protection, the Secretary of Justice shall send notice to the
person involved of the termination of the protection provided under this Act, stating therein the reason for such termination.
Section 10. State Witness. - Any person who has participated in the commission of a crime and desires to be a witness for the State, can apply and, if
qualified as determined in this Act and by the Department, shall be admitted into the Program whenever the following circumstances are present:
(a) the offense in which his testimony will be used is a grave felony as defined under the Revised Penal Code or its equivalent under special
laws;
(b) there is absolute necessity for his testimony;
(c) there is no other direct evidence available for the proper prosecution of the offense committed:
(d) his testimony can be substantially corroborated on its material points;
(e) he does not appear to be most guilty; and
(f) he has not at any time been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude.
An accused discharged from an information or criminal complaint by the court in order that he may be a State Witness pursuant to Section 9 and 10
of Rule 119 of the Revised Rules of Court may upon his petition be admitted to the Program if he complies with the other requirements of this Act.
Nothing in this Act shall prevent the discharge of an accused, so that he can be used as a State Witness under Rule 119 of the Revised Rules of Court.
RA 8505 Rape Victim Section 3. Rape Crisis Center. - The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the Department of Health (DOH), the Department of
Assistance and the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and a lead non-government organization (NGO) with proven track
Protection Act of 1998 record or experience in handling sexual abuse cases, shall establish in every province and city a rape crisis center located in a government hospital or
health clinic or in any other suitable place for the purpose of:
(a) Providing rape victims with psychological counselling, medical and health services, including their medico-legal examination;
(b) Securing free legal assistance or service, when necessary, for rape victims;
(c) Assisting rape victims in the investigation to hasten the arrest of offenders and the filing of cases in court;
(d) Ensuring the privacy and safety of rape victims;
(e) Providing psychological counselling and medical services whenever necessary for the family of rape victims;

(f) Developing and undertaking a training program for law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawyers, medico-legal officers, social
workers, and barangay officials on human rights and responsibilities; gender sensitivity and legal management of rape cases; andalf-1awphi1
(g) Adopting and implementing programs for the recovery of rape victims.
The DSWD shall be the lead agency in the establishment and operation of the Rape Crisis Center.
Section 4. Duty of the Police Officer. - Upon receipt by the police of the complaint for rape, it shall be the duty of the police officer to:
(a) Immediately refer the case to the prosecutor for inquest/investigation if the accused is detained; otherwise, the rules of court shall apply;
(b) Arrange for counselling and medical services for the offended party; and
(c) Immediately make a report on the action taken.
It shall be the duty of the police officer or the examining physician, who must be of the same gender as the offended party, to ensure that only persons
expressly authorized by the offended party shall be allowed inside the room where the investigation or medical or physical examination is being
conducted.
For this purpose, a women's desk must be established in every police precinct throughout the country to provide a police woman to conduct
investigation of complaints of women rape victims. In the same manner, the preliminary investigation proper or inquest of women rape victims must
be assigned to female prosecutor or prosecutors after the police shall have endorsed all the pertinent papers thereof to the same office.
Section 5. Protective Measures. - At any stage of the investigation, prosecution and trial of a complaint for rape, the police officer, the prosecutor,
the court and its officers, as well as the parties to the complaint shall recognize the right to privacy of the offended party and the accused. Towards
this end, the police officer, prosecutor, or the court to whom the complaint has been referred may, whenever necessary to ensure fair and impartial
proceedings, and after considering all circumstances for the best interest of the parties, order a closed-door investigation, prosecution or trial and that
the name and personal circumstances of the offended party and/or the accused, or any other information tending to establish their identities, and such
circumstances or information on the complaint shall not be disclosed to the public.
The investigating officer or prosecutor shall inform the parties that the proceedings can be conducted in a language or dialect known or familiar to
them.
Section 6. Rape Shield. - In prosecutions for rape, evidence of complainant's past sexual conduct, opinion thereof or of his/her reputation shall not be
admitted unless, and only to the extent that the court finds, that such evidence is material and relevant to the case.
RA 7438 (AN ACT DEFINING Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation; Duties of Public Officers. –
CERTAIN RIGHTS
OF PERSON (a) Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at all times be assisted by counsel.
ARRESTED,
DETAINED OR (b) Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his place, who arrests, detains or investigates any person for the
UNDER commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in a language known to and understood by him, of his rights to remain silent and to have
CUSTODIAL competent and independent counsel, preferably of his own choice, who shall at all times be allowed to confer privately with the person
INVESTIGATION arrested, detained or under custodial investigation. If such person cannot afford the services of his own counsel, he must be provided with a
AS WELL AS THE competent and independent counsel by the investigating officer.lawphi1Ÿ
DUTIES OF THE
ARRESTING, (c) The custodial investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the investigating officer, provided that before such report is signed, or
DETAINING AND thumbmarked if the person arrested or detained does not know how to read and write, it shall be read and adequately explained to him by his
INVESTIGATING counsel or by the assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the language or dialect known to such arrested or detained person,
OFFICERS, AND otherwise, such investigation report shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever.
PROVIDING
PENALTIES FOR (d) Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall be in writing and signed by such
VIOLATIONS person in the presence of his counsel or in the latter's absence, upon a valid waiver, and in the presence of any of the parents, elder brothers
THEREOF) and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school supervisor, or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen by
him; otherwise, such extrajudicial confession shall be inadmissible as evidence in any proceeding.
(e) Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, or under custodial
investigation, shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel; otherwise the waiver shall be null and void and of
no effect.
(f) Any person arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall be allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his
immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his
counsel, or by any national non-governmental organization duly accredited by the Commission on Human Rights of by any international non-
governmental organization duly accredited by the Office of the President. The person's "immediate family" shall include his or her spouse,
fiancé or fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.
As used in this Act, "custodial investigation" shall include the practice of issuing an "invitation" to a person who is investigated in connection with an
offense he is suspected to have committed, without prejudice to the liability of the "inviting" officer for any violation of law.
RA 10158 (AN ACT Section 1. Article 202 of the Revised Penal Code is hereby, amended to read as follows:
DECRIMINALIZING
VAGRANCY, "Article 202. Prostitutes; Penalty. – For the purposes of this article, women who, for money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual intercourse or
AMENDING FOR lascivious conduct, are deemed to be prostitutes.
THIS PURPOSE
ARTICLE 202 OF "Any person found guilty of any of the offenses covered by this article shall be punished by arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, and in
ACT NO. 3815, AS case of recidivism, by arresto mayor in its medium period to prision correctional in its minimum period or a fine ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos, or
AMENDED, both, in the discretion of the court."
OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE
REVISED PENAL
CODE)
RA 9803 Food Donation Act of  Measures to encourage the donation of apparently wholesome food for charitable purposes

2009  Apparently Wholesome Food – meets all quality and labeling standards imposed by pertinent laws and administrative regulations even though the
food may not be readily marketable due to appearance, age, freshness, grade, size, surplus or other conditions
 Liability for Damages from Donated Food:
o No civil or criminal liability if donation for charitable purposes is in good faith
Exception: If through gross negligence or intentional misconduct, injury or death of an ultimate beneficiary of the donated food resulted
RA 9201 National Human SEC. 2. December 4 to 10 is hereby declared as National Human Rights Consciousness Week in the country.
Rights Consciousness
Week Act of 2002
RA 9995 Anti-Photo and Video (d) "Photo or video voyeurism" means the act of taking photo or video coverage of a person or group of persons performing sexual act or any similar
Voyeurism Act of activity or of capturing an image of the private area of a person or persons without the latter's consent, under circumstances in which such person/s
2009 has/have a reasonable expectation of privacy, or the act of selling, copying, reproducing, broadcasting, sharing, showing or exhibiting the photo or
video coverage or recordings of such sexual act or similar activity through VCD/DVD, internet, cellular phones and similar means or device without
the written consent of the person/s involved, notwithstanding that consent to record or take photo or video coverage of same was given by such
person's.
Section 4. Prohibited Acts. - It is hereby prohibited and declared unlawful for any person:
(a) To take photo or video coverage of a person or group of persons performing sexual act or any similar activity or to capture an image of
the private area of a person/s such as the naked or undergarment clad genitals, public area, buttocks or female breast without the consent of
the person/s involved and under circumstances in which the person/s has/have a reasonable expectation of privacy;
(b) To copy or reproduce, or to cause to be copied or reproduced, such photo or video or recording of sexual act or any similar activity with
or without consideration;
(c) To sell or distribute, or cause to be sold or distributed, such photo or video or recording of sexual act, whether it be the original copy or
reproduction thereof; or
(d) To publish or broadcast, or cause to be published or broadcast, whether in print or broadcast media, or show or exhibit the photo or video
coverage or recordings of such sexual act or any similar activity through VCD/DVD, internet, cellular phones and other similar means or
device.
The prohibition under paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) shall apply notwithstanding that consent to record or take photo or video coverage of the same was
given by such person/s. Any person who violates this provision shall be liable for photo or video voyeurism as defined herein.
Section 6. Exemption. - Nothing contained in this Act, however, shall render it unlawful or punishable for any peace officer, who is authorized by a
written order of the court, to use the record or any copy thereof as evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of the crime of photo or video
voyeurism: Provided, That such written order shall only be issued or granted upon written application and the examination under oath or affirmation
of the applicant and the witnesses he/she may produce, and upon showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photo or video voyeurism
has been committed or is about to be committed, and that the evidence to be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the
solution or prevention of such, crime.

Section 7. Inadmissibility of Evidence. - Any record, photo or video, or copy thereof, obtained or secured by any person in violation of the preceding
sections shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.


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HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES

LAW SHORT TITLE SALIENT FEATURES

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

Section 30. Sexual abuse shield rule.

Section 4. Unlawful or Prohibited Acts. - It shall be unlawful for any person:

(b) To produce, direct, manufacture or create any form of child pornography;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

(h) To engage in the luring or grooming of a child;

(i) To engage in pandering of any form of child pornography;

(j) To willfully access any form of child pornography;

(l) To possess any form of child pornography.

(a) Offended party;

(b) Parents or guardians;

(c) Ascendant or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity;

(d) Officer, social worker or representative of a licensed child-caring institution;

(f) Local social welfare development officer;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

(g) Barangay chairman;

(h) Any law enforcement officer;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

1. To give him affection, companionship and understanding;

3. To supervise his activities, including his recreation; lawphi1.net

4. To inculcate in him the value of industry, thrift and self-reliance;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

7. To always set a good example;

3. Sells or abandons the child to another person for valuable consideration.

10. Causes or encourages the child to lead an immoral or dissolute life.

(1) Acting as a procurer of a child prostitute;

(3) Taking advantage of influence or relationship to procure a child as prostitute;

(4) Threatening or using violence towards a child to engage him as a prostitute; or

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

(f) the right to bail and recognizance, in appropriate cases;

(I) in general, the right to automatic suspension of sentence;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

child, it shall be resolved in his/her favor.

(b) Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis;

(f) Rubella or German measles;

(h) H. Influenza type B (HIB); and

RA 9523 AN ACT Section 2. Definition.

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

"c) Is performed underground, underwater or at dangerous heights; or

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

"g) Is performed under particularly difficult conditions; or

Section 5. Section 14 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

Section 8. Section 27 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"(a) Offended party;

"(b) Parents or guardians;

"(c) Ascendant or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity;

"(d) Officer, social worker or representative of a licensed child-caring institution;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

R.A. 7610. complied with:

FAMILY COURTS; JURISDICTION; FAMILY; HOME

c) Petitions for adoption of children and the revocation thereof;

e) Petitions for support and/or acknowledgment;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

h) Petitions for the constitution of the family home;

k) Cases of domestic violence against:

Section 4. (Amendatory provision). Privileges:

"(d) exemption from training fees for socioeconomic programs;

Carmelito D. Clabisellas Jr.

"(2) the passport of the senior citizen concerned; and