1

Math 202-102 Sec: 21 Solution Quiz 2 (B)

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dy
Q.1: Solve the initial value problem (x + 2) + y = 2 ln(x), y(1) = 1.
dx
d
Sol. We can write the given equation as [(x + 2)y] = 2 ln (x)
dx
∫ 2x ln (x) − 2x + c
Which ⇒ (x+2)y = 2 ln (x)dx+c, ⇒ (x+1)y = 2x ln (x)−2x+c or y =
x+2
0 − 21 + c 2x ln (x) − 2x + 5
y(1) = 1 ⇒ 1 = ⇒ c = 5 and the solution is y = .
3 x+2
Q.2: Solve the differential equation 6xydx + (4y + 9x2 )dy = 0 by making it exact.
∂M ∂N
Sol. M (x, y) = 6xy and N (x, y) = 4y + 9x2 . = 6x and = 18x. So the equation is not
∂y ∂x
exact.
Nx − My 18x − 6x 2
= = is a function of y alone.
M 6xy y
∫ 2
dy
µ(x) = e y = e2 ln y = y 2 is the integrating factor.

Multiplying by integration factor, we get 6xy 3 dx + (4y 3 + 9x2 y 2 )dy = 0

∂M ∂N
M (x, y) = 6xy 3 and N (x, y) = 4y 3 + 9x2 y 2 . = 184xy 2 and = 18xy 2 . So the
∂y ∂x
equation is exact.
∂f ∂f
There exists a function f (x, y) such that = M and =N
∂x ∂y
∂f
= M = 6xy 3 , ⇒ f (x, y) = 3x2 y 3 + g(y)
∂x
∂f
= 9x2 y 2 + g ′ (y) = N = 4y 3 + 9x2 y 2 ⇒ g ′ (y) = 4y 3 ⇒ g(y) = y 4
∂y
So f (x, y) = 3x2 y 3 + y 4 + c

Q.3: (a.) Use appropriate substitution to transform (y 2 + xy)dx + x2 dy = 0 into a

separable equation. Do not solve the new equation.

Sol. Given equation is a homogeneous equation of degree 2. Let y = ux, then dy = udx + xdu

(y 2 + xy)dx + x2 dy = 0 ⇒ (u2 x2 + ux2 )dx + (x2 )(udx + xdu) = 0

u2 x2 dx + ux2 dx + x2 udx + x3 du = 0 ⇒ x2 (u2 + 2u)dx + x3 du = 0

1 −1
⇒ x2 (u2 + 2u)dx = −x3 du ⇒ dx = 2 du
x u + 2u
Which is a separable equation.
 2

dy
(b.) Use appropriate substitution to transform − y = ex y 2 into a linear equation. Do not
dx
solve the new equation.
dy
Sol. − y = ex y 2 is a Bernoulli equation with n = 2.
dx
dy du
Let u = y 1−2 = y −1 or y = u−1 and = −u−2
dx dx
dy du
So − y = ex y 2 ⇒ −u−2 − u−1 = ex u−2
dx dx
du
Multiplying by −u2 we get + u = −ex which is a linear equation.
dx