Batch Reactor

M. Awais Yaqoob
2011-ch-32

(University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore)

 Mean residence time (t)
• It is taken as the measure of the performance of
batch reactor

t =v/υ= volume of reactor

Flow rate of feed in the reactor
 Synopsis
Introduction

Working principle

Advantages and disadvantages

Applications

Kinetics

• Rate equation
• Material balance
• Energy balance

Design steps
1st Part 2nd Part 3rd Part
Material
Introduction Design steps
Balance

Working Performance
Factors
Principle Equation

Energy
Advantages Design of BR
Balance

limitations kinetics problem

 Reactor Design
Method of
Size of reactor Type of reactor
operation
• Fix one of the 5 • BR
parameter
• Batch
• CSTR • Continuous
• Vf
• Ws • PFR
• Semi-
•S • Fixed bed
• Vs reactor
Continuous
• Vr • Fluidized bed • Intermittent
• Shape reactor
• Spherical
• Slurry reactor
• cylindrical
• Dimensions
• Internals
• Inlets & outlets
 Method of Operation
Thermodynamic
Flow Patern Arrangment
Basis
• Isothermal • Counter • Series
• Adiabatic • Co Current • Parallel
• Constant • Cross Current • Recycle
Volume • Or
• Constant Combination
Pressure Of Above
Introduction
• The reactants are
initially charged into
a container, are
well mixed, and are
left to react for a
certain period.
• The resultant
mixture is then
discharged.
 Working Principle
• A batch reactor has neither inflow nor
outflow of reactants or products while
the reaction is being carried out
• This is an unsteady-state operation
where composition changes with time;
however, at any instant the
composition throughout the reactor is
uniform
 Advantages
• They are preferred for establishing or
verifying kinetics because they are

o Simple in construction
o Require little or no auxiliary equipments

• Data can be collected easily if Isothermal

reactions are carried out under constant
volume condition
• High conversions
Disadvantages/limitations
• Intensity of process is localized and not the
global one
• Preferred for homogenous reactions only
• high labor costs per batch
• difficulty of large-scale production.
• Long idle time (Charging & Discharging
times) leads to periods of no production
• No instrumentation – Poor product quality
 Application
• Typically for liquid phase reactions that
require long reaction times
• Used only when small amount of product is
required
• Favored when a process is in
developmental stage or to produce
expensive products
• Used to make a variety of products at
different times
 Material Balance
• Also called mass balance.
• Is an application of law of
conservation of mass for the analysis
of physical systems.
• It states that:
• The mass that enters a system must, by
conservation of mass, either leave the
system or accumulate within the
system
 Performance equation
(ṁA)in - (ṁA)out + (ṁA)gen - (ṁA)cons= (ṁA)acc/dep
since
(ṁA)cons - (ṁA)gen = (ṁA)net cons
In case of BR
(ṁA)in and (ṁA)out = 0
The above equation will become
-(ṁA)net cons = (ṁA)acc/dep
Dividing the above equation with molar mass
of component A
• -(ṄA)net cons = (ṄA)acc/dep
Since

After Substituting these values we will get

• Rearranging and integrating will give
 Corollary
• If the density of the fluid remains constant, we
obtain
 Energy Balance
• It is the application of law of conservation of energy
for the analysis of our physical system under
consideration
• The heat that enters a system must, by conservation of
heat/energy, either leave the system or accumulate within the
system
• Overall energy balance
• heat in – heat out + heat gen – heat cons = heat
acc/dep
 Kinetics
Rate Law For Zero Order Reaction
• Assumptions:
o Isothermal
o constant volume
o irreversible reaction

Stoichiometry:

Assumed rate law:

• Integrated rate law
Some Integrated rate
equations
First order
Second order
 Third order
• Irreversible trimoleculer
• A + B + D products
nth order
 Design Steps
FACTORS
• Type Of Reaction
• Scale Of Prodution
• Cost Of Equipment And Operations
• Safety
• Stability
• Life Expectency
• Ease Of Convertibility
 Design steps
• There is no particular formula for selecting the
parameters of a reactor

•Experience
•knowledge of characteristics of reactors
•literature survey
Helps us in selection of parameters
A Typical Batch Reactor
Design Measurements
Typical Proportions