62 CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION

EX2·25 MILLIMETERS

45° 45°

BOR

6SR

SOR

SR
4PLACES

EX2-26 INCHES EX2·27 INCHES

R .54 - 4 CORNERS

I 2.00~
1.00DIA ALL AROUND I

~1.3Bsa
1.S0R
.88R

¢ .50-4 HOLES

r - - - - - - 3.56 ----I"'"
OCTAGON-3.00 ACROSS
THE FLATS

EX2·28 MILLIMETERS

25
4 PLACES

R10-4PLACE~
 MORE ADvANCED COMMANDS 111

EX3·21 INCHES

-t
1.78

"k-----------7l
2.00
-r­
1.00
1­
/)f--------'" -+1.78

"'------'-------> L
1-1.03

EX3·22 INCHES
:;;;j .., 1--, 1.00
-
I ~(il'_
.... ' ....,

-~.i
1" __-.
U'''.

;-.
//
W3.22
rl.!a~-//

EX3·23 MILLIMETERS

1\--' i'
1.00 i '
..Ll.,
 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION 55

2-28 EXERCISE PROBLEMS

Redraw the following figures. Do not include dimen­
sions. Dimensional values are as indicated.
EX2-1 INCHES
EX2-3 MILLIMETERS

GUIDE PLATE

~ 1.50 3.50
~ __~o
-il
~-6.oo--.1

EX2-2 INCHES EX2-4 MILUMETERS

TOP GASKET GASKET

11 ~--- 7 X cO (40) - - - - - 1

:-+-------------t---l

tLJ
__~
--------r-'---LJ_L_IL
1~-16o---------J
 5~' CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION

EX2-5 INCHES

A-B 5.0000

B-C 1.9526

CoD 2.3049
ANGLE PLATE
D-E 1.8039

E-F 3.2500

F-G 4.1003

What is the length

ofA-G? '

91' E

G V

EX2-6 MILLIMETERS

A-B 65.7007
B-C 50.0000 POINTED PLATE

CoD
D-E
64.0312

50.000
\27
E-F
F-G
G-H
42.4264
64.0312
76.1577

What is the length 40

G
\/ E

of A-H?

A H

12 '

~,~.- ._-----------~ -- - -----~ - --- ­

, . --. -~=--'== -~>"'~._~----,.;:;=-=----~" -......... - ­

 I!II,'·
l~i!
FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION 57

EX2·7INCHES EX2-9 MILLIMETERS

SIDE BRACKET

'"l"~

FITTER
PLATE

~r1 +-f---~
.50 Rl.OO - 2 PLACES
20-2
__
~=-- l
++_
15

R21~

1--1.50+2.00
R.50 - BOTH ENDS
III r-­
~5.00-------i
RIO - 4 CORNERS

EX2·8 MILLIMETERS EX2·10 INCHES

SQUARE
j-5.00
PLATE

C1RCLE PLATE
160
1--- 2 .50 ­ - 8 PLACES

III 0.500
. 4 HOLES

+---t--+-- + ---I-----+---'\;:
30 - 2 HOLES

2.50 SO
CENTERED ABOUT CENTER POINT
58 CHAPTER2 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION

EX2-11 INCHES EX2-13 MILLIMETERS E)

3'00~1I
ALL FILLETS AND
FITTER ROUNDS ~ R.25
GUSSET
2.001 I UNLESS DTHER\JISE
STATED. METRIC \JRENCH
'~20 ­
E
11.00 13O------~

40 S
r
L

R.25
2 PLACES

EX2-12 MILLIMETERS EX2-14 INCHES E

750 SQUARE

DISTANCE PLATE
RS.OO

12-4 HOLES

1 r
+ SYMBOL FOR
/ / SYMMETRY

0200-
/ riO
70
R4.00

+
-1.00 SQUARE
1
02.00
- - 4.50 - - - - - - - i

10
 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION 59

EX2-17 INCHES

TOP r IL TER
,,;
020 ~O~A~~~ES "­

'+c~
SPACED

¢120

l.----.l-------- GJ ~ 180

(s)~,0

EX2·16 MILLIMETERS EX2-18 MILLIMETERS

Vertical slots are 15 deep.

f/bS----1I---bS
ELLIpTICAL
SPACER

20 I" 20 1 20
STAR

SPACER
150-I
---t----+---"' --+----.--.,.----,-..,.

------'<:-1­
5
k-._ _ _'=i- T--1 I

100 r+--~
--+--+-t-+- - - - +
-+1
-1
4]0 80
7
1
40
20 W+ I
--,

I ~
RIO " 4 PLACES

IS OBJEC T IS SYMMETRICAL
ABOUT THIS AXIS.
 60 CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION
--_._------------ ._--­

EX2-19 INCHES

7,00 SQ

L I" --1 20

J
~D~D~[]~D
.20
CHESS
BOARD
D~D~D~D~
~D~D~CI~D
D~D~D~D~
~D~D~D~D
D~D~D~D~ r ,20 ALL AROUND

~D~D~D~D ~ ,60 SQ

r .40
D~D~D~D~ I,

!
r-~ f-- ,40

EX2·20 MILLIMETERS

STRAP ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS =R8 UNLESS

OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
PLATE

R50

110
r
30 7 X 012

I f
30 + $ $$0$ 30

20~1. 6 X 20 (120)

155
J~

- _. --,--C'iJ!ib, ~.,:" -.
 FUNDAMENTALS OF 2-D CONSTRUCTION 61

EX2·21 INCHES EX2-23 MILLIMETERS

"',.
TYP

.13R

.81DIA

.75R

TOP PLAT~
STRAIGHT
LINE

.30R-ryP

EX2·22 MILLIMETERS EX2-24 INCHES

85 --------1

.38DIA .75R

~l' r,~
...--,---+~-----, .38R
25
2 SLOTS
-~.63
2.68

R21

~26-~

~BJECT IS SYMMETRICAL
ABOUT HOR,IZONTAL
CENTERLINE 1.13DIA
1.13R

R1O-'CORNERS

012-2 HOLES

..,=... ~-~.~~. _-_.~~--~~'"""'~--------------------

 11 2 CHAPTER 3
MORE ADVANCED COMMANDS
.....
_~.- .... __._-_.._-------_._---------_._----._-_. -_._---------_._-_.- - - - - - - ­
EX3·24 MilliMETERS

STAR RATCHET
1- 5 -1
Il- ~250
..----. L ~4D.D

l40

1------l50------1

EX3-25 MILliMETERS

CAM
59'

79'

R47.3

RHO

EX3-26 MILLIMETERS

12 x R20
LACE
GASKET
 MORE ADVANCED COMMANDS It 3

EX3-27 MILLIMETERS EX3-29 INCHE:.5

1 - - - - 3.50--~f----3.50----1

21 .5a F1
R.25
BOTH
+ SIDES
+

R12
2.35

~'"BOTH
S IDES T
R15

EX3·28 MILLIMETERS EX3·30 ·INCHES

HOOK
130

\: 60 _ __ _

-35­
1.60R
~ r----+----+-------,

R20

STRAIGHT LINE

~60.00

. NOTEI HJOK THICKNESS ~ 8~ AL.L AI=;!DUND

114 CHAPTER 3 MORE ADvANCED COMMANDS

EX3·31 MILLIMETERS EX3-33 MILLIMETERS E

so

1
l__ R38.S

~-~107~ ~ \­
L-4S-J
r-­ 146
I

EX3-32 MILLIMETERS EX3-34 MILLIMETERS

PENTAGON CIRCUMSCRIBED
WITHIN A lIS 44 CIRCLE

R48

4
R 13 R03.t-·~.
 _~ORE ADVANCED COMMANDS J15
1

EX3·35 INCHES

l7J .632 -

R .50

R 3.00
R 2.00

HOLE I A_J~ J
DIA~I

--j.so

EX3·36 INCHES

91 1.50
2 PLACES

~22
R 3.50

pi .75 ­ 2 PLACES

'R 6.50
116 CHAPTER 3 MORE ADVANCED C OMMANDS
---~-- --------­, - - - ­

EX3-37 INCHES
6.00

.88
2 PLACES
I
PARABOLIC CURVE

3.00
t

2.00

4.00

I
--- t ---0-----,

R 1.00

R 1.00

Laoo !/I ,750

4 HOLES

EX3-38 MILLIMETERS

No Break

Baselines
51

64

77
118 CHAPTER 3 MORE ADVANCED COMMANDS

EX3-41 MILLIMETERS EX3·4:

r
EQUALLY SPACED then co
straight
HEXAGON-44
ACROSS THE FLATS

HEXAGON- 100
ACROSS THE FLATS EX3·,

EX3-42 INCHES

lll12-B HOLES
EQUALLY SPACED

117-ALL AROUND

PENTAGON -INSCRIBED WITHIN

A 11170 CIRCLE
DESIGN
188 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

4.

Extend rectangular cutout to

the lower portion of the part,

views
and add a 10 mm radius to each

internal corner. 70

10

Round the external ~

comers using a 10 rom

radius, 4 corners. 45 27.5

7.5· 2 PLACES

Remove circular cutout.

R7.5-2 PLACES
ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS=R5
MATL 5 THK
Change two holes to 010. /

Figure 5-84
----·------1'
IFj~
5-35 DESIGNING BY MODIFYING
AN EXISTING PART Original views

I , I I I I
Many beginning design assignments require that an
existing part be modified to meet a new set of require­
ments. Designers must therefore create something diffen:nt'
from the Oliginal drawing. This ability to look beyond the
drawing is an important c;esign skill. +
Figure 5-84 shows a dimensioned part, and Figure
5-85 shows the three orthographic views of the part. The
part is to be redesigned as follows.
1. Replace the two 07.5 holes with 010 holes.
2. Remove the R20 cutout.
3. Modify the horizontal portion of the part so its
overall length is 45 millimeters; make the entire
part symmetrical about its 90 0 axis.

Figure 5~85
190 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

I
5-36 EXERCISE PROBLEMS
Draw a front, top, and right-side orthographic view
of each of the objects in exercise problems EX5-1 through
EX5-94. Do not include dimensions.
SPLI'
EX5-1 INCHES EX5-3 MIL.L1METERS

1_ - BLOCK

STEPPER

rIO
,75

/ 1~40
I
1.50
/
1(,50 .75

- 15
25

'>/ 1.50
30
"~~;> ~ 30

EX5-2 MILLIMETERS EX5-4 MILLIMETERS

STEP BLOCK
PILLAR
STOP <S'(x,,,
~
~~13
"
~
2,OO~
,50

~
5 40

40 '
3,00 ~2'50
Y
 1

.0.':,

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 191

EX5·5 MILLIMETERS EX5~7 MllllMEl'ERS

SPLIT BLOCK

~lt c::>.. 30-2 PLACLS 1

SETTER
BRACKET

30

K ;{)
5
l 80
20/f

EXS·6 MILLIMETERS EX5-8 MILLIMETERS

lU - BOTH SIDES

,0 20

S-CLIP
70 ( X
25
20
k >~10 - BOTH SIDES

50~~~0>
"J:: 25

<~/
MATL = 10"",\ SAE 1020 STEEL

"'--.. / 20
:> 15
50
 192 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5-11 MILLIMETERS
EX5-9 INCHES

KEY CLIP .75 BOTH SIDES

.50 ALL AROU: l

.so
115~ .25

EX5-12 INCHES
EX5-10 MILLIMETERS

15
10
15

25
20
STANDOFF - ONE 30° .
SIDE ONLY
 URTHUGRAPHIC VIEWS 193
--------------------------
.EX5·13 MILLIMETERS EX5-15 MILLIMETERS

8-2 PlACES
51 -' ·-R14-2PLACES

All
Quod
:J
//A
11-3 PLACES

R18 /' 2~

12-'

168
18

EX5·14 MILLIMETERS EX5-16 MILLIMETERS

194 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5·17 MilLIMETERS EX5-19 MilLIMETERS

15

EX5~18 MilLIMETERS EX5-20 MILliMETERS

 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 195

EX5·21 INCHES EX5-23 MILLIMETERS

i
45

EX5·22 MILLIMETERS EX5·24 IN"CHES

~ 20-2 HOLES
//'­
~30 ~55 01.500 THRU

25
3.50

1.00

020
196 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5-25 MILLIMETERS· EX5-27 MILLIMETERS EX5

CYLINDRICAL 20 30
KEY 10 DEEP
\!lSO
/
10

t
40
20

1
~15. __

20

v
70

\!lBO

EX5-26 MILLIMETERS EX5·28 MILLIMETERS

"A:»" 30
¢ 14 2 HOLES

22' - BOTH
SLANTED

60 I
I II
I/J 20-THRU
PERPENDICULAR TO A

1( 100
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 197

EX5·29- MILLIMETERS EX5-31 INCHES

40

R13 - 4 Corners

R13 - Both Sides

RS

EX5·30 MILLIMETERS EX5-32 MILLIMETERS

45°

CENTERLINE OF
CIRCLE IS A
VERTICAL LINE

60

HEXAGON 60 ACROSS
THE FLATS
 198 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5·33 iNCHES EX5-35 MILLIMETERS EX5

10
2 Places
1.13

10

Nole: Siol is 12 deep

1.7501A from centerline

2 Places

EX5·34 MILLIMETERS EX5·36 INCHES

 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 199

EX5·37 MILLIMETERS EX5·39 MILLIMETERS

67

6/
/ "A
/ ~12-4 PLACES

56DIA

REGULAR HEXAGON

80 ACROSS THE CORNER

14DIA

EX5-40 MJLLlMiETERS

Ihx20 DEEP

12
47 REF

~ 15

i yj58
200 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5-41 iNCHES EX5-44 MILLIMETERS -EX5-47

.63­

<
EX5-42 INCHES EX5-45 MILLIMETERS

NOTE: THE SLOT IS 15 LONG

.75 .75

.88

<
EX5·43 MILLIMETERS EX5-46 MILLIMETERS

15
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 20 J

EX5·47 INCHES EX5·50 INCHES

EX5·48 INCHES EX5-51 INCHES

< 2.00 ~

'y/~
2.50
»3.25
'---1.50DIA

EX5-52 MILLIMETERS

23 R
202 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5·53 INCHES EX5-56 MILLIMETERS EX!

12:h~'I'
.25~

~. BOTH SI DES

.. 17· /.1 1

.~
1.19
85 <

. EX5·54 MILUMETERS EX5-57 MILLIMETERS EX

EX5-55 MILLIMETERS EX5-58 MILLIMETERS E)

I/J 25 PERPENDICULAR
TO BACK SURFACE
100

60·

7~ /
2 PLACES ~/

18
23- 2 HOLES
14 ­
2 HOLES
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 203

EX5·59 MILLIMETERS EX5-62 MILLIMETERS

25
CULAR
20
BOTH ENDS
A

35 ACROSS THE FLATS

CENTERED ABOUT It.

90

EX5·60 INCHES EX5-63 MILLIMETERS

R-2 PLACES

80

2,81
;?
>
¢40

'"EX5·61 MILLIMETERS EX5-64 MILUMETERS

4
REF

III 20

'----10

1616
70

20
25

AlL FILLETS AND ROUNDS = R3

204 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5-65 MILLIMETERS EX5·68 MILLIMETERS

EX5-66 MILLIMETERS EX5-69 MILLIMETERS

15
4 PLACES

EX5-67 MILLIMETERS EX5-70 MILLIMETERS

 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 205
EX5·71 MILLIMETERS EX5-73 MILLIMETERS
CENTERLINE

AROU~D

HEXAGON

95 ACROSS
THE FLATS

EX5-74 INCHES
11.750 -2 HOLES
iDLES

30"
.88

.38 .75

3'25~,

'~

'EX5·72 MILLIMETERS EX5·75 INCHES

~ ~20-2
~C',.
,
••,',..

....~
·)(s",7.0

,, 2 0 I'

.20
I
PLACES

. It
fJO 40 j II

60 II III I I 11/25
y .
)
I I ~ / '

~ I
. " I I II I
0~11
~ l·
~O
,/1
"::>(:.>
206 CHAPTER 5 ORTHO GRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5·76 MILLIMETERS EX5·79 M ~LLlMETERS

loA

,06-2 PLACES
MATl 5 TtiK
EX5-83
EX5-77 MILLIMETERS EX5·80 MILLIMETERS

~35
//~;/
~ 12-2 PLACES
/
19
,6
--(
14
35
¢S-4 PLACES
.¢a - 4 PLACES 50

::<Jr
10 - 4 PLACES

G-,,?
/

75.9
~71
2 He
/ 40'/
10 I BOT

16"<~
MATl 5 THK

ALL INSIDE BEND RAD 5

20-4 PLACES
~ v/ > 80
ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS
MATL 5THK
=AS

EX5-81 MILLIMETERS

R30 - 2 PLACES

27.5 15

7.5- 2 PLACES
12

1610-2 PLA.CE
N
R7.5- 2 PLACES
r..lL FILLETS AND ROUNDS =R3
ALL FILLETS AND AOUNDS=RS ~ATl12THK

MATl 5 THK

.. .- _." . --.~' ' ..'_".. -.

- .

-
.
--- . ­
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 207
EX5-82 MILLIMETERS EX5-85 MILUMETERS

l
LACES

EX5·83 INCHES EX5-86 MILLIMETERS

I-~ .375 x -SOD DEEP
4 HOLES

2.50
'-...

~
2.25
1.50

/ .75

0.7SOx.25 DEEP
.19DIA
2HOLES - BarH
BOTTOM DRILLED

t. X5·84 MILLIMETERS EX5·87 INCHES

18

~8
20 DEEP

>
208 CHAPTER 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

EX5-88 MILLIMETERS

5-4 PLACES

20

15-2 PLACES

~
25-2 PLACES
13

EX5-89 MILLIMETERS

80

030

R 15
15

30

100
./
ALL- FILLETS AND- ROUND.5 =R5
 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS 209

EX5·90 MILLIMETERS

15-2 PLACES

90

-20 - 2 PL ACES

20

20 -2 PLACES

08-4 PLACES

90REF

(Il12 - 2 PLACES

EX5·91 MILLIMETERS

62

~10-4 PLACES
.0 24

20-2 PLACES

12-2 PLACES

102

10

8
ALL FILLETS ANO ROUNDS =R5