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(1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
2. Baosteel Engineering and Technologies Group Co Ltd, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract; The strip temperature is affected by many factors in rapid cooling section (RCS) of the vertical continuous
annealing furnace ( V C A F ) . They can be divided into four types: the physical properties of cooling gas, the geometry
characteristics of configuration of cooling equipment, the heat transfer between the strip and the cooling gas, and the
conductivity of the strip. It aims to model the strip temperature in the cooling section based on the fundamental heat
transfer theory and the four aspects factors. The model for transient Nusselt number is obtained by considering
Reynolds number, Prandtl number and geometry characteristics of RCS. Then cooling model of the strip transient
temperature is built by Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat conductivity of the strip. The results are
compared with the data from production line. The comparisons indicate that the model can well predict cooling tem
perature of the strip. It is hoped that the proposed model can be used for design and control of the vertical continuous
annealing furnace.
Key words; rapid cooling; jet impinging convection; heat transfer coefficient
T h e strip is treated in rapid cooling section strip surface, it is required to set pickling section
( R C S ) after radiation t u b e furnace ( R T F ) , soaking and w a t e r washing section in t h e W Q process. T h e
furnace ( S F ) and slow cooling section ( S C S ) in ver G - W Q process combines W Q process and GJC
tical continuous annealing furnace ( V C A F ) . RCS can be process. T h e G - W Q process can conveniently con
used to adjust mechanical properties of the strip by trol cooling rate for the t e m p e r a t u r e of the s t r i p ,
heat t r e a t m e n t for rapidly cooled strip. T h e cooling and supply higher cooling rate. H o w e v e r , it is also
technologies can be divided into t w o k i n d s ; t h e dry required to set pickling section and water washing
cooling process and the wet cooling process. T h e section. T h e requirements for cooling strip in R C S is
former includes gas jet cooling ( G J C ) , high gas jet with high cooling r a t e O l 0 0 ' C / s ) and clean strip
[ z : l
ing ( G - W Q ) . T h e cooled strip will have good surface V C A F . F i r s t l y , the model of transient N u s s e l t
qualities by G J C , H G J C , H H J C , or R C process. Z n u m b e r is obtained by Reynolds n u m b e r , P r a n d t
T h e cooling rates of G J C , H G J C , H H J C , or RC 2 n u m b e r and t h e geometry characteristics of cooling
are 1 3 , 6 0 , 150 and 100 °C/s respectively. H o w e v equipment. T h e n the model of heat transfer coeffi
er, the surface of strip is easy to be scraped by cient is obtained by Nusselt number. T h e cooling
working rollers in the RC process. T h e W Q process model of the strip t e m p e r a t u r e is built based on t h e
is to jet w a t e r for cooling the strip which makes heat transfer coefficient and the conductivity of t h e
cooljng rate up to 500 ° C / s , b u t it is difficult to con strip. T h e data from production line are utilized for
trol the cooling r a t e . T o avoid oxidation of the
[ 1 ]
comparing t h e prediction. Finally, the conclusions
„ Inertia force vD g
Nu is also in proportion to Pr and Pr is used to the strip with the form of jet impinging flow. And
d e m o n s t r a t e the relationship of the speed boundary there is an intense t u r b u l e n t flow on t h e surface of
and the heat boundary on surface of the strip'- -'. Pr 5
the strip when the cooling gas is jetted t o w a r d the
can be expressed as strip - . C 6 8 ]
λ a [6]
2. 2 Model of transient Nusselt number where, hi τ) is the transient heat transfer coefficient,
T h e pass m is considered, and it is supposed W / ( m · °C); i ( r ) is the b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e on
w
should be small enough to satisfy t h e calculation ac the specific heat of the strip which can be calculated b y :
k k v°
{exp[-
Jc 2 e
parameter for t h e jet holes of distances Β and Ε and w h e r e , ro is t h e initial time w h e n the strip is at t h e
can be defined as Fig. 1 :
entry of R C S ; and η is t h e end time w h e n the strip
_ν3πΡ 2
leaves the R C S .
(8)
L
6S 2
a t u r e of t h e strip changes.
A(r)D
NU(T) = (9)
A(r)
T h e model of t h e transient t e m p e r a t u r e i ( r ) of 3.2 Model of boundary temperature on surface of strip
the strip can be expressed as T h e b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e is an i m p o r t a n t pa
A(r)r rameter which is defined as t h e t h e r m a l boundary
i ( r ) = exp [io-iw(r)] + i.(r) (10)
p cp (r)S
s B
layer t e m p e r a t u r e on t h e surface of t h e strip. i w J C
• 30 · Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International Vol. 19
b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e i n d e x , & ( r ) = 0 . 935 — 0. 9 9 9 ; 1 D i a m e t e r of j e t h o l e s / m m 10
and k is t h e modified factor on t h e boundary tem
hJC 2 Distance between h o l e s / m m 60
p e r a t u r e of t h e s t r i p , ^ ;c l- 00 — 1. 0 9 ; i f ( r ) is t h e
b
=
3 Distance from jet holes to s t r i p / m m 65-200
In In'
D A n g l e b e t w e e n a x e s of j e t h o l e s and
10 90
normal of s t r i p / Ο
In + 0. 058 In + 0. 058
M a x i m u m strip m o v i n g s p e e d /
11 7
(m · s" ) 1
2 T h i c k n e s s of s t r i p / m m 0. 7 5
w h e r e , ν is t h e velocity of t h e s t r i p , m / s ; v is t h e 0
3 W i d t h of s t r i p / m m 1350
basic velocity of t h e s t r i p , m / s ; and v is t h e basic g0
4 Furnace temperature/°C 340
velocity of t h e cooling g a s , m / s . 5 C o n c e n t r a t i o n of H2/Y0 40
6 T e m p e r a t u r e of c o o l i n g g a s / 'C 45
4 Comparisons and Application 7 Strip v e l o c i t y / ( m · s " ) 1
5. 33
8 Strip initial t e m p e r a t u r e / ' C 700
Table 3 Comparison for calculation results and measured data from production line
Velocity Temperature Velocity Initial End Calculating
S i z e of C o n t e n t of
Material of s t r i p / of f u r n a c e / of g a s / temperature temperature temperature
strip/ m m H /%z
( m - s" ) 1
•c (m- s" ) 1
of s t r i p / ' C of strip/"C of strip/*C
•c (m 2
· s" ) 1
(W · s" ) 1
of s t r i p / 'C (J · k g - - C -
)
-c
0 700 0. 0 0 0 2 0 4 0. 1 6 1 3 0. 6 9 3 7 298. 49 902.25 7143.49 6 3 . 11 1018. 03 680. 32
Fig. 3 Comparison of strip temperature between calculating data and measured data with different parameters
5a 960
6 Conclusions
S Size of strip 0.75 mm χ 1 350 nun
Speed of gas 116.8 m/s
920 Temperature of furnace 349 °C
1) The cooling process is dependent on the proper
ties of cooling gas, configuration of cooling equip
880 -
m e n t , heat transfer between cooling gas and the
Ιέ 840 -
Distance between strip and holes
Content of H
Material
10%
EDDQ
s t r i p , as well as heat conductivity of the strip. T h e
I 800 comparisons indicate t h a t the model can well predict
646 617 587 558 529 500 473 446 420 395
t h e cooling process of t h e strip.
Temperature of s t r i p / t
2) T h e cooling rate of strip will be higher by
Fig. 4 Relation between heat transfer coefficient and increasing the jetting velocity of cooling g a s , the
strip temperature in RCS concentration of H in the cooling g a s , as well as
2
300 000
decreasing t h e distance between the strip and jet
250 000
holes of the cooling gas.
3 ) T h e model for calculating t e m p e r a t u r e of
tj, 200 000
Size of strip 0.75 mm χ 1350 mm
Speed of gas 116.8 m/s
strip includes all configuration and motion parame
150 0 0 0
Temperature of furnace 349 V,
Distance between strip and holes //=100mm t e r s , such as the distance between the jet holes and
100 0 0 0 Content of Hi 10%
Material EDDQ t h e s t r i p , t h e speed of t h e s t r i p , t h e velocity of jet
50 000 -1 1 1 ι t t t t t_
646 617 587 558 529 500 473 446 420 395 impinging g a s , e t c , so t h a t these parameters can be
T e m p e r a t u r e o f strip/'C analyzed and various reasons affecting the t e m p e r a
ture of strip in R C S can be found out.
Fig. 5 Relation between heat flux and
strip temperature in RCS References;
[1] X I A N G S h u n - h u a , L I U H u a - f e i , W E N H o n g - q u a n , et al.
a t u r e decreasing is about 182 °C/s. It can be seen
C o o l i n g S p e e d of S t r i p T e m p e r a t u r e b y G a s Jet I m p i n g i n g
t h a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e decreasing rate of the strip is With H [ C ] / / L I Wen-xiu.
2 2005 C S M Annual Meeting Pro
more rapid w h e n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e difference between c e e d i n g s . B e i j i n g ; T h e C h i n e s e S o c i e t y for M e t a l s , 2 0 0 5 ; 4 2 1