07 2001-06-25 Chapter 7 updated KVO

06 2001-05-25 Corrected Figure 1. GWE

05 25.04.01 Added functionality GWE
04 10.04.01 Revised Figures GWE
03 28.02.01 For Standard Documentation GWE
02 28.02.01 For Standard Documentation GWE GWE
01 13.10.00 For Standard Documentation KVO GWE GWE
Rev Date Description Made Chc'd by Appr. by Appr. Appr.Disc. Appr.
by QA

Document Title:

PROJECT
OPERATING INSTRUCTION SAM 400
STANDARD PRODUCT DOCUMENTS Service Software
PO No.:

Flu./Proj.Doc.no: No of pages incl.

front page:

72.145.300 32

SMDR code: Repl. by

Fluenta AS reserves the right to alter this documentation without notice

Client : Supplier : Fluenta AS
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Operation Instruction
For SAM 400 Service Software
1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
1.1 THE FLUENTA SAM 400 TC/CIU..............................................................................................3
1.2 THE SAM 400 SERVICE SOFTWARE ..........................................................................................4
2 CONNECTING TO THE CIU ......................................................................................................5
2.1 SLAVE ID: .................................................................................................................................5
2.2 COMPORT: .................................................................................................................................5
2.3 BAUD RATE:..............................................................................................................................5
2.4 PARITY: .....................................................................................................................................5
2.5 MASTER: ...................................................................................................................................6
2.6 “CONNECT” BUTTON: ................................................................................................................6
3 MAIN WINDOW............................................................................................................................7
3.1 ESTIMATED VALUES: .................................................................................................................7
3.2 SAND MOMENTARY VALUES:.....................................................................................................7
3.3 ALARM STATUS: ........................................................................................................................8
3.4 RAW DATA: ...............................................................................................................................8
3.5 CURRENT VALUES: ....................................................................................................................8
3.6 BUTTONS:..................................................................................................................................9
4 SET UP WINDOW.......................................................................................................................10
4.1 GENERAL: ...............................................................................................................................10
4.2 BACKGROUND NOISE: .............................................................................................................11
4.3 SAND NOISE: ...........................................................................................................................12
4.4 FILTERING: ..............................................................................................................................13
4.5 PROCESS DATA: .......................................................................................................................14
4.6 ALARM LEVELS: ......................................................................................................................17
4.7 CONFIGURATION: ....................................................................................................................19
4.8 ANALOG I/O............................................................................................................................21
4.9 CHOKE CURVE ........................................................................................................................22
5 SCALE...........................................................................................................................................24
5.1 GENERAL: ...............................................................................................................................24
5.2 ESTIMATED VALUES / RAW DATA:...........................................................................................24
5.3 TREND DURATION: ..................................................................................................................24
6 DOWNLOAD DATA: ..................................................................................................................25
6.1 DOWNLOAD WINDOW: ............................................................................................................25
6.2 DOWNLOAD STATUS:...............................................................................................................27
6.3 HISTORICAL TREND:................................................................................................................28
7 DATA LOG...................................................................................................................................32
7.1 “LOG FILE NAME”:...................................................................................................................32
7.2 FILE SPLITTING:.......................................................................................................................32
7.3 VIEW LOG FILE: .......................................................................................................................32
7.4 CONFIRM BUTTONS: ................................................................................................................32
8 FIGURES:.....................................................................................................................................33

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1 Introduction
1.1 The Fluenta SAM 400 TC/CIU

Early detection of sand permits an oil or gas production system to be controlled such that the risk of
erosion damage is minimised.

The SAM 400 TC Detector is a non-intrusive, intrinsically safe unit that is clamped onto the outside of
production piping in the hazardous zone. The Fluenta SAM 400 TC Sensor detects the acoustic energy
generated by particles impacting the inner surface of production pipework and provides production
personnel with a quantitative measure of sand production in oil, gas and multiphase well streams.

Hazardousaera Safeaera

24VDC 230VAC / 115VAC

PSU
Optional
Barrier SAM 400 CIU
Detector Service PC
SAM 400 TC

RS232
Sensor
SAM 400 TC
+24VDC
GND
Black PSU
4 1 2 9
5 2 1 10 GND
Blue GND
6 3 3 11 Tx Rx
4 12 Rx Tx
5 13 4 – 20mA IN -
Detector 6 14 4 – 20mA IN +
SAM 400 TC 7 15 4 – 20mA OUT- Optional
Barrier 8 16 4 – 20mA OUT+ Service PC

+ - SAM 400 CIU

VFC

Figure 1: SAM 400 TC/CIU Service configuration

Preparation of pipework for installation of the SAM 400 Sand Monitor is limited to the removal of
paint from a small area of the pipe surface. The production system need not to be shut down during
installation or maintenance.

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The system can be supplied either as a portable single-well monitor or as an expandable system for
permanent installation. The system does not need any computer for daily operation. The SAM 400
CIU stores the raw data and the algorithm data for sand rate computation in an internal memory.

1.2 The SAM 400 Service Software

The SAM 400 Service software is designed to operate with the SAM 400 CIU. The objective of the
software is to provide a software platform for service and calibration of the Fluenta SAM 400 TC/CIU
system, based on a PC platform using an intuitive, user friendly, and fully functional user interface.

The system is designed to handle all interactions between the operator and the instrument, and the
system will also display error conditions.

The system is designed as a “client/server” application. The server1 is designed to be operative at all
times when the server machine is powered up and the operating system is started. The client software
can be used from the server machine, or from any machine with network connection, making the
instrument data available to all eligible users from any computer.

This specification is a definition of functionality for the Fluenta SAM 400 Service Software.

1
A standard computer with network card or MODEM and Fluenta SAM 400 Service Software installed

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2 Connecting to the CIU

Figure 2: Connection dialog box

2.1 Slave ID:

To communicate with the CIU, the correct MODBUS slave ID (1-64) has to be typed
Default value: 1

2.2 Comport:
Choose the communication port that the computer uses to communicate with the CIU.
Default value: 1

2.3 Baud Rate:

Select proper the baud rate for the communication between the CIU and computer.
Default value: 9600

2.4 Parity:
Select proper Parity for the “parity check” on the communication between the CIU and
computer.
Default value: None

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2.5 Master:
Select the computer which is master. If connection is made directly between the computer and
the SAM 400 CIU with a serial cable, type “My Computer” in the Master-field. If connection is
done via network or MODEM, type the IP-address of the computer which is connected to the
SAM 400 CIU.
Default value: My Computer

2.6 “Connect” button:

When all the specifications are done, press the “Connect” button to connect to the CIU.

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3 Main window

See 3.2

See 3.1

See 3

See 3.5

See 3.4

Figure 3: The main window

Buttons: See 3.6

3.1 Estimated values:

This window shows the calculated sand production for the chosen well.

3.2 Sand momentary values:

3.2.1 “g/s”:
Shows the calculated sand production in gram per second for the chosen well.

3.2.2 “alm kg”:

Shows the accumulated amount of sand during the state of excessive sand production (i.e.
while sand production exceeds the ‘Sand Alarm Level’). If the sand production drops below
this level for continuously more than the ‘Time to alarm reset’, the accumulated amount of
sand is reset to zero, see also section 4.6.

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3.3 Alarm status:

3.3.1 “Sand Alarm”:

If a sand alarm occurs a red field with the text “Sand

Alarm” will be displayed in the Main window. It appears
for a minimum of 60 seconds (default). For more
specification, see section 4.6.

Figure 4: Sand Alarm

3.3.2 “Technical Error”:

If a technical Error occurs a yellow field with the text

“Technical Error” will be displayed in the Main window. It
stays this way until the error is corrected. Errors that may
occur are detector failure, barrier failure and cable failure.

Figure 5: Technical Error

3.4 Raw data:

This window shows the raw data signal from the CIU unit. The signal will be trended over X
amount of time (For changing the trend duration, see Section 5.3 Trend duration:).

3.5 Current values:

3.5.1 “100nV”:
Displays the current raw-data value from the detector.

3.5.2 “m/s”:
Displays the current flow speed that the system uses.

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3.6 Buttons:

3.6.1 “Set up”:

System set up. Configuration menu for the CIU unit. For further information see Section 4.

3.6.2 “Scale”:
Scaling of trend display. For further information see Section 5.

3.6.3 “Download data”:

Downloading of data stored in the CIU unit. For further information see Section 6

3.6.4 “Data log”:

Storing data on the configuration computer. For further information see Section 7

3.6.5 “Close”:
Closes the CIU program entirely.

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4 Set up window

4.1 General:
For proper performance of the system the Set-up should be configured by Fluenta personnel , or
others authorized by Fluenta.
For all the configuration windows, the following buttons will appear:
• OK: Close the window and save changes
• Cancel: Close the program without saving changes
• Apply: Use the updated values without closing the window

4.1.1 Pass code protection:

If the system is pass code protected, a button “Enable Changes” appears in the bottom left
corner. To make set up changes, press the “Enable Change” button located in the lower left
corner of the set up window (Figure 6).
A new window for pass code will now appear (Figure 7).

Figure 6: The Enable Change button

4.1.2 Pass code:

Type the right password in the “Enter pass code” field and press OK. To cancel the operation,
press the “Cancel” button.

To change the pass code, see 4.7.8.

Figure 7: Pass code window

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4.2 Background Noise:

Figure 8: The set up window for Background Noise

The acoustic noise picked up from the pipe wall is divided in two components, the background noise
and the sand noise. The background noise is subtracted from the signal, to reveal the sand noise.

The Background Noise and Sand Noise window is normally only used by Fluenta service personnel
during commissioning and calibration.

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4.3 Sand Noise:

Figure 9: The set up window for Sand Noise

See chapter 4.2

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4.4 Filtering:

Figure 10: The set up window for filtering

A filter function is implemented to reduce the amount of data written to the database. The
configuration window for this filter is shown in Figure 10. This window is normally only used by
Fluenta service personnel during commissioning and calibration.

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4.5 Process data:

Calculating the sand rate requires information about the flow velocity. This information can be
supplied by 3 different alternative parameter sets describing the process flow. The alternatives are:

• Velocity Input: the velocity is measured/computed externally and supplied directly in m/s.

• Flow Rate Input: general information about the flow rates, temperature and pressure is supplied,
and is used to calculate the actual velocity.

• Choke Input: information about the choke setting is supplied, and combined with pressure,
temperature and a “choke calibration curve” is used to calculate flow velocity.

The set up window for process data enables the user to chose which of these alternative parameter sets
to use. Depending on the selection different edit fields will be available for input, as illustrated in
Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13.

Note that some of these parameters are updated by the DCS, and not by the service software user (for
example “Current Velocity” in Figure 11). The user can enter values, but these are overwritten by the
DCS during system operation. The interface between the DCS and the SAM 400/CIU is documented in
doc.no. 72.145.002, “SAM 400/CIU Interface Specification”.

Figure 11: The set up window for Process data when Velocity Input is selected.

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Figure 12: The set up window for Process data when Flow Rate Input is selected.

Figure 13: The set up window for Process data when Choke Input is selected.

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The following paragraphs describe the different parameters.

4.5.1 “Lowest Velocity”

Defines the Lowest Velocity for which the calibration is valid.
Default value: 0.50

4.5.2 “Highest Velocity”:

Defines the Highest Velocity for which the calibration is valid.
Default value: 30.00

4.5.3 “Velocity at shutdown”:

Defines the lowest velocity at which the system will calculate sand production. If the velocity
drops below this limit, the calculated sand production will be set to 0.0 g/s.
Default value: 0.30

4.5.4 “Current Velocity”:

Defines the Current Velocity that the system is using. This is a value that may change if the
system is hooked up to a control system, since they are feeding the velocity to the CIU unit
Default value: 3.00

4.5.5 “Velocity based on”:

Defines which source the velocity is based on. Use the mouse to choose either “Velocity
input”, “Flow rate input” or “Choke Input”.

4.5.6 Additional Parameters when “Flow Rate Input” is selected:

These are Gas Flow Rate, Water Flow Rate, Oil Flow Rate, pressure, temperature, pipe
diameter, oil crimp factor and gas compressibility.

4.5.7 Additional Parameters when “Choke Input” is selected:

These are choke position, GOR, WC, pressure, temperature, pipe diameter, oil crimp factor
and gas compressibility. Choke position and WC are given in %.

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4.6 Alarm levels:

Figure 14: The set up window for Alarm levels

4.6.1 General explanation:

The primary purpose of the SAM 400 TC/CIU system is to warn the user whenever the sand
production rate exceeds an acceptable level.

The system outputs a Sand Alarm if the sand production exceeds the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ until the
sand mass accumulated from the time the level was exceeded has reached the ‘Sand Alarm Mass’. If
the sand production drops below the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ for a time period longer than ‘Time to
alarm reset’, the sand mass accumulator and the Sand Alarm will be reset, see Figure 15.

4.6.2 Sand Alarm Level

Figure 15 shows a typical signal trend where sand production in g/s is plotted against time. The Sand
Alarm Level set point entered by the user is shown as a horizontal line labelled "Alarm Level". A
second horizontal line shows the Alarm Level minus the ‘Alarm Bound Limit’ also set by the user in
the Alarm Levels window, see section 4.6.3.

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4.6.3 Sand Alarm Mass

Once the sand production rate exceeds the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ an accumulator starts to accumulate
the sand production until the rate falls below the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ minus ‘Alarm Bound Limit’. If
the rate drops below this for a time period longer that the ‘Time to alarm reset’, the accumulator is
reset to zero. If however the rate rises again above the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ within the ‘Time to
alarm reset’ period, the accumulator continues to accumulate the sand production. When the
accumulated quantity passes the ‘Sand Alarm Mass’ set by the user, a ‘Sand Alarm’ is output, see
Figure 15. This Alarm will be reset when the rate drops below the ‘Sand Alarm Level’ minus
‘Alarm Bound Limit’ for a time period longer than the ‘Time to alarm reset’.

Sand
[g/s]
Sand Alarm
is triggered

Alarm bound limit Mass alarm

for selected well triggered
Sand Alarm Level
Alarm Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

T1 T2 Time

Figure 15: Historical trend plot showing points of time at which the mass alarm accumulator
would be active and the time at which the alarm would be trigged.

4.6.4 “Sand Alarm Level”:

Enter the quantity of sand (g/s) that should automatically trigger an alarm.
Default value: 1.000

4.6.5 “Alarm Bound Limit”:

Variable hysteresis around alarm level. Defines the value for Alarm Bound Limit
Default value: 0.100

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4.6.6 “Sand Alarm Mass”:

Enter the max. amount of sand that the well is allowed to produce after the alarm level is
exceeded before an alarm is output. Defines the value for Sand Alarm Mass
Default value: 0.200 kg

4.6.7 “Time to alarm reset”

Defines the minimum time for an alarm output state.
Default value: 60 seconds

4.7 Configuration:

Figure 16: The set up window for Configuration

4.7.1 “Slave ID”:

Set the MODBUS Slave ID for the actual CIU. Value can be from 1 to 255.

4.7.2 “Well Name”:

Enter the name of the actual well.

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4.7.3 “CIU software version”:

Displays the actual software version

4.7.4 “CIU serial number”:

Displays the actual CIU serial number

4.7.5 “Process Bus”:

Displays the communication settings for the RS 485 port.

4.7.5.1 “Baud rate”:

Specify the baud rate witch the CIU will operate on.
Default value: 9600

4.7.5.2 “Parity”:
Specify parity check:
• None: No check is performed
• Even: Check on even parity
• Odd: Check on odd parity
Default value: None

4.7.6 “Service Bus”:

Displays the communication settings for the service RS 485 and RS 232 port.

4.7.6.1 “Baud rate”:

Specify the baud rate witch the CIU will operate on
Default value: 9600

4.7.6.2 “Parity”:
Specify parity check:
• None: No check is performed
• Even: Check on even parity
• Odd: Check on odd parity
Default value: None

4.7.7 “Message end length”:

Sets the break time after a message where it’s needed
Default value: 50

4.7.8 “Pass code number”:

Sets the pass code number. Max. 4 digits. 0 means no pass code.
Default value: 0

4.7.9 “Store frequency”:

Defines the Store frequency to the FLASH for the logged raw signal
Default value: 1

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4.7.10 “Part to store velocity”:

Defines the percentage part of the FLASH memory for velocity storage
Default value: 10

4.7.11 “Store Type”:

• “current value”:
Stores the current value, no averaging
• “Average value:
If Store frequency > 1 the averaged value is stored

4.7.12 “Storing data”:

• “No”:
No data is stored in the CIU internal Flash RAM
• “Yes”:
Data is stored in the CIU internal Flash RAM.

4.7.13 “Addressing of floats”:

• “16-bits registers”
The CIU uses 16 bits integer to transmit the data.
• “32-bits registers”
The CIU uses 32 bits IEEE Floating point to transmit the data.

4.7.14 “Write Protection”

Not applicable

4.8 Analog I/O

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Figure 17: The set up window for Analog Input/Output

The set up window for analog input/output contains configuration parameters for current loop
communication and the voltage free contact functionality.

• Current Output: this function can be enabled/disabled and when enabled the user can select a
measurement variable to be output as a 4-20mA current loop signal. The variables are raw value or
computed sand value, and the output range for each can be set to a desired interval.

• Current Input: this function can be enabled/disabled and when enabled the user can input
velocity information needed for sand calculation as a 4-20mA current loop signal. The input is
either velocity in m/s or choke position in %. The input range for each can be set to a desired
interval.

• Voltage Free Contact: this function can be enabled/disabled and when enabled the user can select
to signal either a sand alarm or a technical alarm with the VFC. The VFC mode (Normal Open or
Normal Closed) can also be configured.

• Password Protection: to be able to change any of the analog input/output configuration

parameters the user must enter a valid password and then press the “Allow Config”-button.

4.9 Choke Curve

Figure 18: The set up window for Choke Curve

The choke curve describes the relationship between the choke position and the resulting liquid flow
rate. In the set up window for choke curve this relationship can be defined as a 4th order polynomial:

Qliq(x)= kAx**4 + kBx**3 + kCx**2 + kDx + kE

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The “k”-factor is used to facilitate later adjustments to the choke curve to accommodate changes in the
process conditions.

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5 SCALE

5.1 General:
For all the configuration windows the buttons:
• OK: Close the window and save changes
• Cancel: Close the program without saving changes
• Apply: Use the updated values without closing the window

Figure 17: The Scale dialog box

5.2 Estimated values / Raw data:

5.2.1 “Automatic”:
The scale will automatically adjust

5.2.2 “Min / Max”:

If the check-box “Automatic” is not marked, you can define the minimum and maximum
value on the graph.

5.3 Trend duration:

Type the value for Trend duration
Default value: 30 min

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6 Download Data:

Note! The CIU has no built in real time clock.

In order to preserve the real time tagging of the data, the CIU must have been
continuously powered from the chosen back in time ‘Start Time’ throughout the
time of downloading.

6.1 Download Window:

Figure 18: The download window

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6.1.1 Back in time, Start Date:

Choose the start date for downloading by pressing the down-arrow button beside “Start Date”.
A New window with date will appear:

Note: Date format will be in chosen language on the actual computer.

Figure 19: Date overview window

Chose the date by clicking on the right day.

6.1.2 Back in time, Start Time:

Chose the start time by clicking on the up/down-arrow beside “Start Time” or choose one of
the fixed time buttons (e.g. 30 minutes).

6.1.3 Duration, End Date:

Choose the end date for downloading by pressing the down-arrow button beside “End Date”.
A New window with date will appear:

Figure 20: Date overview window

Chose the date by clicking on the right day.

6.1.4 Duration, End Time:

Chose the end time by clicking on the up/down-arrow beside “End Time” or choose one of the
fixed time buttons (e.g. 30 minutes).

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6.2 Download status:

Figure 21: The download status window

6.2.1 Status bar:

The status bar shows the download progress. When it is filled up with blue bars, download is
completed.

6.2.2 “Cancel” button:

To cancel the download operation, press the “Cancel” button.

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6.3 Historical Trend:

6.3.1 Raw data Trend:

Figure 22: The Historical Trend window, Raw data Trend

This window shows the historical trend of the Raw data. The stored raw-data appear as a red
line, and the velocity as a blue line.

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6.3.2 Sand data Trend:

Figure 23: The Historical Trend window, Sand data Trend

This window shows the historical trend of the Sand data. The calculated sand-data appear as a
green line and the amount of produced sand for the actual window is displayed with blue letter
over the graph.

6.3.3 “Zoom In”:

To zoom in, press the “Zoom In” button to enlarge the whole area.

6.3.4 “Zoom Out”:

To zoom out, press the “Zoom out” button to minimise the whole area.

6.3.5 “Reset Zoom”:

If there has been any zooming performed, the “Reset Zoom” button will automatically reset
the hole area and display the graph as it was when the windows was opened.

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6.3.6 Arrow buttons:

• “Å”: Moves the graph to the right (i.e. back in time)
• “Æ”: Moves the graph to the left.
• “↑”:Moves the graph upwards.
• “↓”:Moves the graph downwards.

6.3.7 Using the mouse to zoom:

It is possible to zoom in using the mouse:
Choose an area to zoom in by placing the cursor in the upper left corner of the chosen area.
Press the left mouse button and drag the cursor to the lower right corner, then release the left
mouse button.

Now the “Trend” window will represent the chosen zoom area.

6.3.8 “Save”:

This window is a standard windows dialog box. Decide a name for the trend file, and choose
which folder to save it in. Press:

• “Save”: To save data in the specified location

• “Cancel”: To cancel the store operation

The stored data will be in standard ASCII format, for further data processing in e.g. Excel.

Figure 24: The “Save” window

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6.3.9 “Print”:
Standard print dialog box for windows. Choose printer and number of copies. When “OK” is
pressed the printing progress is started.

Pressing the “cancel” button cancels the print job.

Figure 25: The “Print” window

6.3.10 “Cancel”:
Closes the “Historical Trend” window and returns to the “Main” window.

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7 Data Log

Figure 26: The Data Log dialog box

7.1 “Log file name”:

• “Logging” check box: Click the check box to enable logging.
• “Log file name”: Enter the file name that you want to use for the logging.
• “Select log file”: If you have a specific file already made, you can browse for it here.

7.2 File splitting:

The system will split the logged data in batches.
• “Never”: The logging of the data will be in one file.
• “Hourly”: The logged data will be split into bathes of one hour each.
• “Daily”: The logged data will be split into bathes of one day each.
• “Weekly”: The logged data will be split into bathes of one week each.
• “Monthly”: The logged data will be split into bathes of one month each.

7.3 View log file:

To view a log file, do as described in Error! Reference source not found. to choose the log
file, then:
• Press the “View log file” button and navigate as described in chapter Error! Reference
source not found..

7.4 Confirm buttons:

• “OK”: Closes the window and save changes and starts logging using the
updated logging configuration.
• “Cancel”: Close the program without saving changes

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• “Apply”: Uses the updated logging configuration without closing the window

8 Figures:
Figure 1: SAM 400 TC/CIU Service configuration..................................................................................3
Figure 2: Connection dialog box ..............................................................................................................5
Figure 3: The main window .....................................................................................................................7
Figure 4: Sand Alarm ...............................................................................................................................8
Figure 5: Technical Error .........................................................................................................................8
Figure 6: The Enable Change button ......................................................................................................10
Figure 7: Pass code window ...................................................................................................................10
Figure 8: The set up window for Background Noise..............................................................................11
Figure 9: The set up window for Sand Noise .........................................................................................12
Figure 10: The set up window for filtering.............................................................................................13
Figure 11: The set up window for Process data when Velocity Input is selected...................................14
Figure 12: The set up window for Process data when Flow Rate Input is selected. ...............................15
Figure 13: The set up window for Process data when Choke Input is selected. .....................................15
Figure 14: The set up window for Alarm levels .....................................................................................17
Figure 15: Historical trend plot showing points of time at which the mass alarm accumulator would be
active and the time at which the alarm would be trigged................................................................18
Figure 16: The set up window for Configuration ...................................................................................19
Figure 17: The Scale dialog box.............................................................................................................24
Figure 18: The download window..........................................................................................................25
Figure 19: Date overview window .........................................................................................................26
Figure 20: Date overview window .........................................................................................................26
Figure 21: The download status window................................................................................................27
Figure 22: The Historical Trend window, Raw data Trend ....................................................................28
Figure 23: The Historical Trend window, Sand data Trend ...................................................................29
Figure 24: The “Save” window ..............................................................................................................30
Figure 25: The “Print” window ..............................................................................................................31
Figure 26: The Data Log dialog box ......................................................................................................32

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