For the following word equation, follow through the steps to get the ionic equations.
a. Dilute hydrochloric acid + aq. magnesium hydroxide aq. Magnesium chloride + water
Step 1: Write down all the ions found in the substances (if applicable)
H+ + Cl- + Mg2++ OH- Mg2+ + Cl- + H2O
Step 2: Chemical formula of substances
Chemical formula: 2HCl (aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Step 3: Balance equation
Step 4: Include state symbols
Step 5: Split “aqueous” substances into individual ions, ensure the number of ions is the same as
that reflected in the chemical formula. (i.e. Na 2SO4 2Na+ and 1SO42- / 2KOH 2K+ and
2OH-. Remember that formula of ions DO NOT change!)
Ionic formula: 2H+ + 2Cl- + Mg2++ 2OH- Mg2+ + 2Cl- + H2O
Step 6: Cancel common ions
Step 7: Re-write equation, include state symbols and ensure ratio is reduced to the lowest.
Ionic equation: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l)
b. Dilute sulfuric acid + lead (II) nitrate lead(ll) sulfate + dilute nitric acid
Step 1: Write down all the ions found in the substances (if applicable)
H+ + SO42- + Pb2+ + NO3- Pb2+ + SO42- + H++ NO3-
Step 2: Chemical formula of substances
Chemical formula : H2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) PbSO4(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
Step 3: Balance equation
Step 4: Include state symbols
Step 5: Split “aqueous” substances into individual ions, ensure the number of ions is the same as
that reflected in the chemical formula.
Ionic formula: 2H+ + SO42- + Pb2+ + 2NO3- PbSO4 + 2H++ 2NO3-
Step 6: Cancel common ions
Step 7: Re-write equation, include state symbols and ensure ratio is reduced to the lowest.
Ionic equation: Pb2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) PbSO4(s)
d. Calcium nitrate + dilute sulfuric acid calcium sulfate + dilute nitric acid
Step 1: Write down all the ions found in the substances (if applicable)
Ca2+ + NO3- + H+ + SO42- Ca2+ + SO42- + H++ NO3-