has relatively small holes between the metal atoms, but the bicarbonate
Liquid ammonia - low T
channels between these holes are relatively wide.
CO/CO2/H2O - low T
Consequently, hydrogen has a relatively low solubility in
Aerated water - very high T
ferritic iron, but a relatively high diffusion coefficient. Low Alloy Steel Water - moderate T
In contrast the holes in the fcc (face-centred cubic) austenite (e.g. Cr-Mo, Cr-Mo-V)
lattice are larger, but the channels between them are smaller, Strong Steels Water ( y>1200 MPa) - low
so materials such as austenitic stainless steel have a higher M
hydrogen solubility and a lower diffusion coefficient. Chloride ( y>800 MPa) - low
M
Consequently, it usually takes very much longer (years rather
Sulphide ( y>600 MPa) - low
than days) for austenitic materials to become embrittled by
M
hydrogen diffusing in from the surface than it does for ferritic Austenitic Stainless Chloride high high T
materials, and austenitic alloys are often regarded as immune Steel (including sensitised) Hydroxide high very
from the effects of hydrogen. high M
Sensitised Austenitic Aerated water - very high I
Stainless Steel Thiosulphate or low low I
2.4 Film-Induced cleavage polythionate
Duplex Stainless Steels Chloride high very
3 Technically it is described as an interstitial solute. 4 Table based on original classification due to R C Newman.
two