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BUILDING SERVICES

BFB 40703

PAIR ASSIGNMENT
(FOC)

NAME MUHAMAD FARID BIN


MUSTAFA
MATRIC NUMBER DF140075
NAME -

MATRIC NUMBER -

LECT NAME DR TONG

SUBMIT DATE 12/12/2017


Inacandescent light bulb.

This type of light bulb is commonly used in commercial area such as restaurant and residential
area. Inacandescent easy to assembled and use. The shape was irregular in shape, round shape or
other shape comes with different sizes. The range of volt itself also comes with the ranges of 1.5
volts to 300 volts. Thus, this bulb is easy to manufacture because they not require any external
regulating equipment. However, the efficiency of this bulb is lesser than other type of bulb they
convert more energy to heat other than light. It also have short lifetime due to the less efficiency
to distribute the light.

The mechanism of this light bulb is when the power reaches to the bulb, the filament wire
will be heated and the temperature will increase and it will produce the glow from the process of
heating the filament wire. The filament, heated by passing an electric current through it, is
protected from oxidation with a glass or fused quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or
evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is slowed by a chemical process that
redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with
electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in
a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

Figure 1 : Incandecents bulbs


Light-Emitting diode (LED)

Nowadays the innovation of bulb is expanding widely and the efficiency of bulb is also more
compared to the previous bulb. For example, the usage of light-emitting diode (LED) in
commercial use and vehicle. LED is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs it is
monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. Even the size is smaller than other type of
lamp or bulbs, this LED is widely used because of the light efficiency and it’s also more
beautiful if it paired more than one in the usage. LED is a semiconductor device that emits
visible light when an electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in
most LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength.

Figure 2 : Light-emitting diode (LED)

At the previous stage of usage of LED, it been used as an indicator lamps for electronic
devices. It also being assemble at electronic board that been used as detector of current or power
supply of electricity. However, recently the usages of LED lamp are widely use to commercial
and some vehicle. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting,
automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes, and lighted
wallpaper. This is because the LED lamps bring more advantage to the user which is low energy
consumptions, longer lifetime than other lamp, smaller size and fast switching.
Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)

Low energy light bulb and more efficiency of electricity are the most criteria of people to choose
the right lamp for their daily usage. They get a lot of benefit by using the low energy
consumptions of electric devices or lamps. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) use one-fifth to one-
third the electric power than incandescent lamps which is more efficient. The life time of CFL
also eight to fifteen longer than other lamps. A CFL has a higher purchase price than an
incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in electricity costs over the
lamp's lifetime.

Figure 3 : Compact Fluorescent lamp

The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting: electrons
that are bound to mercury atoms are excited to states where they will radiate ultraviolet light as
they return to a lower energy level; this emitted ultraviolet light is converted into visible light as
it strikes the fluorescent coating (as well as into heat when absorbed by other materials such as
glass). CFLs radiate a spectral power distribution that is different from that of incandescent
lamps. Improved phosphor formulations have improved the perceived color of the light emitted
by CFLs, such that some sources rate the best "soft white" CFLs as subjectively similar in color
to standard incandescent lamps.

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