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Investigation of Hydrothermal Fluid Continuity

and Geological Structure Using Magnetic Method
in Dieng...

Conference Paper · September 2016

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 Investigation of Hydrothermal Fluid Continuity and
Geological Structure Using Magnetic Method in Dieng
Geothermal Area, Central Java
Wahyu Kusdyantono1, a), Tangguh Satria Pamungkas1, b), Yoggie Surya Pradana1, c),
and Imam Suyanto1, d)
1
Sub - Department of Geophysics Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia
a)
wahyu.kusdyantono@mail.ugm.ac.id
b)
tangguh.satria.p@mail.ugm.ac.id
c)
yoggie.surya.p@mail.ugm.ac.id
d)
imamsuyanto@ugm.ac.id

Abstract. Pagerkandang and Telaga Merdada are one of geothermal prospect area in Dieng, Central Java. It is proven by
the existence of geothermal manifestation such as fumarole. A geomagnetic survey has been conducted to analyze
hydrothermal fluid continuity and geological structure in this area. Qualitative analysis was carried out by processing the
magnetic data until reduced to magnetic pole. Quantitative analysis of hydrothermal fluid continuity and geological
structure was carried out in forward modelling process to obtain 2D geological model in the subsurface. The result showed
high magnetic value in Telaga Merdada with range between 400 nT up to 700 nT, while in Pagerkandang showed the
existence of low-medium magnetic value with range between -400 nT up to -1300 nT. The high value of magnetic anomaly
indicates the existence of Pangonan-Merdada volcanic product such as lava and andesitic that have not altered yet
regionally, while the low value of magnetic anomaly indicates the magnetic suseptibility destructive process due to
metasomatism process of basaltic-andesitic by hydrothermal fluid. This indication is confirmed by the existence of
manifestation such as fumarole. Siglagah volcanic product area, Pagerkandang, and the ancient lake sediments are also
denoted by low magnetic anomaly. This condition indicates the existence of hydrothermal fluid continuity with orientation
southeast to northwest of Pagerkandang and provides the probability of new fault existence in research area with the same
orientation.

Keywords: hydrothermal fluid, geological structure, reduction to magnetic pole, 2D model, magnetic destructive

INTRODUCTION
In early January 2016, a ground magnetic survey was carried out by Geophysics of Universitas Gadjah Mada in
Pagerkandang and Telaga Merdada area, Dieng, Jawa Tengah covered 4 km2 research areas. This research aims to
identify and mapping out zones are estimated as geothermal prospect area. It was identified by hydrothermal
manifestation analysis on surface area, the lithology, and geological structure that control geothermal system in the
research area. In some geothermal prospect area, research about geothermal prospect area can be reached from a study
of the surface, either from fluid continuity which affect surface area or by mapping out alteration zone in the research
area [1]. Moreover, the more detailed of magnetic data processing was carried out to analyze the movement and the
continuity of hydrothermal fluid based on analysis of continuity of geological structure (fault). The geological
structure was analyzed after qualitative analysis using a magnetic RTP map and 2D geological model in the subsurface.
From magnetic data processing, shown that the magnetic destructive zone has southeast orientation in andesitic lava
Siglagah-Pagerkandang volcanic product.

METHOD
Total magnetic intensity measurement in research area used to identify geothermal prospect area. Magnetic data
corrected to diurnal activity and Earth’s magnetic field. This correction used to decrease fluctuate characterization
from the data and to decrease Earth’s magnetic field that affect the data. From correction process, the data processed
using Oasis Montaj to obtain Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) map. This map is used as a guide to distinguish rock
type that control geothermal system, identifies the geological structure, and alteration zone too. To attenuate anomaly
caused by local [2], carried out upward continuation process at the high 30 m to make data looks smoother and to
enhance regional magnetic anomaly. After that, the process was bringing the data to the magnetic pole using reduce
magnetic to pole (RTP) process to located magnetic anomaly over their respective sources and alters their shape so
that symmetrical sources cause symmetrical anomalies [3]. 2D geological model use Oasis Montaj applied to estimate
and predict the existence of geological structure (fault) and fluid continuity which estimated to have a correlation with
the new geothermal prospect area.

GEOLOGY OF DIENG
Dieng is one of geothermal prospect areas in Indonesia and it was proved by the existence of geothermal
manifestation such as fumarole, mofet, mud pool, and hot springs. Geothermal manifestations of Dieng such as hot
springs and fumarole exist in some areas [4], Bitingan, Sileri, Siglagah, Pulosari, Kaliputih, and Sikidang. Generally,
the existence of geothermal systems of the Dieng Mountains are clearly related to the volcanic and structural
lineaments as shown in Figure-1[5].

FIGURE 1. Geological map of Karangtengah, Dieng, Central Java (Luthfian, A., 2015)

Dieng area has three kinds of main alteration, i.e. argillic, propylitic, and phyllic alteration [6]. Argillic found in
geothermal manifestation until at the depth 1.100 – 1.300 m below the surface with material temperature between 150°
C – 250° C. This alteration characterized by the presence of clay minerals with low permeability. Generally, argillic
role as cap rock in Dieng’s geothermal system. Propylitic found at the depth 1.100 – 2.400 m below the surface with
temperature between 250° C – 300° C. The minerals such as epidote, quartz, calcite, illite, and chlorite found at argillic.
Phyllic can found at the depth 1.600 – 2.400 m below the surface with temperature 300° C and its characterized by the
presence actinolite.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Based on magnetic data processing that has reduced to the magnetic pole (Figure-2a), known that there are three
zones of magnets which are distinguished by the magnetic intensity contrast and value, i.e. high, moderate, and low
magnetic zone. The zone with high intensity value (200 nT to 1.300 nT) exist in the south of research area, include
north of Telaga Merdada until Dieng Kulon and south of Mt. Pagerkandang. The zone with moderate magnetic
intensity value (-600 nT to 100 nT) and low magnetic intensity value (-2.000 nT to -700 nT) exist in Mt. Pagerkandang
crater and continue to the east and south of research area.

A’

(a) (b)

FIGURE 2. Magnetic data after reduced to magnetic pole (RTP map). Line of A-A’ on RTP map to interpret 2D geological
model (a), qualitative interpretation based on RTP map and geological information of research area (b)

Qualitative interpretation (shown in Figure-2b) from RTP map and geological information of Dieng shown that
the high magnetic intensity value due to the volcanic product of Pagerkandang that consist of basaltic-andesitic to
andesitic lava, volcanic product of Pangonan-Merdada and Siglagah that consist of andesitic lava, Dieng tuff, and
sediment that consist of organic material and volcanic ash. Then, the high and low magnetic intensity value due to the
magnetic destructive phenomenon. It caused by an alteration phenomenon from hydrothermal fluid activity that come
from thermal source of Mt. Pagerkandang. This analysis is supported by the existence of geothermal manifestation
such as fumarole in the east of Pagerkandang and Pagerkandang crater its self.
Based on the continuity of the magnetic destructive zone, estimated that the hydrothermal fluid continues to the
east side of Pagerkandang (Rejosari) and south of Pagerkandang (Telaga Merdada). The hydrothermal fluid continuity
probably controlled by fault that have east and south east orientation from Mt. Pagerkandang.
 The quantitative modelling by GYM SYS Oasis Montaj (shown in Figure-3) from A-A’ given more evidence
about geological perspective under the surface of this area. The low magnetic area that interpreted by high-altered
rock are occur from wide and deep altered rock (dark green) which have a susceptibility around 0.000001 SI, as result
from hot volcanic rock under it (0.01 SI).

FIGURE 3. 2D geological model of line A-A’

On the east side, formed moderate alteration zone (low green, 0.0001 SI) that exist between volcanic rock which
not altered (soft red, 0.001 SI). On the high alteration zone, there is sediment (yellow, 0.000 SI) that interpreted have
good permeability to stream the fluids. Geological structure such as a normal fault interpreted on the east of
Pagerkandang, and it estimated control geothermal system in the research area.

CONCLUSION
The qualitative interpretation using RTP map and 2D geological model concluded that hydrothermal fluid
continues to the east side and southeast from Pagerkandang to Rejosari and Dieng Kulon, and it continues to the south
of Pagerkandang, Telaga Merdada. It proved by a magnetic destructive zone that exist in those areas (Rejosari, Dieng
Kulon, and Telaga Merdada). Based on 2D geological model known that thermal source in geothermal system of
research area is come from hot volcanic rock/intrusion which exist in Pagerkandang with susceptibility value 0.01 SI,
and it caused rocks on its high altered with susceptibility value (0.000001 SI). Based on 2D geological model known
that alteration zone flowed to Dieng Kulon (edge of line A-A’), where this indicated that the hydrothermal fluid
continues to Dieng Kulon and southeast of Pagerkandang. This model proved the existence of geological structure
such as a normal fault that interpreted control geothermal system of the research area too.

ACKNOWLEDMENTS
I would like to thank to Geofisika Universitas Gadjah Mada for access the data and permission to publish. I would
also like to thank to Alutsyah Luthfian as our field lab work assistant for access the geology map of Dieng and Drs.
Imam Suyanto, M. Si for his help and guidance during volcanic physics field lab work in Dieng, processing, and
interpretation process.
 REFERENCES
1. S. Soengkono and M. P. Hochstein, “Application of Magnetic Method to Assess the Extent of High Temperature
Geothermal Reservoirs”, in 20th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Proceedings, pp. 71–78.
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University Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 313–324.
3. R. J. Blakely, “Transformations”, in Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Application (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 330–342.
4. C. D. Miller, R. Sukhyar, Santoso, and S. Hamidi, Eruptive History of the Dieng Mountains Region, Central
Java, and Potential Hazards from Future Eruptions (U. S. Geological Survey, Open file report, 1983).
5. L. J. P. Muffler, Evaluation of Initial Investigations Dieng Gethermal Area, Central Java, Indonesia (U. S.
Geological Survey, Open file report, 1971).
6. Suroto and Ganda, Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration in the Dieng Prospect, Central Java (Pertamina, Jakarta,
1985).

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