Biodiesel [1,2] consists of a mixture of alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters

of long chain fatty acids derived from oils or fats (triglyceri- des) having
properties similar to diesel obtained from oil (gasoil). As compared with
diesel derived from petroleum, biodiesel has the main advantage of being
biodegradable and its combustion in diesel engines emits less SOx , CO,
solid particles and organic compounds(Cirujano, Corma, & Llabrés I
Xamena, 2015).
Ethanol causes phase separation under 10 C if it is blended with
diesel or biodiesel for the use in diesel engines. In addition to that, it
cannot be mixed with diesel fuel with high blend ratios because of its low
cetane number which causes ignition delay, low calorific value and poor
lubricity(Atmanli, 2016).
Conventional high cetane diesel combustion would generally
promote hydroxyl (OH) production along with other radicals, which
trigger a cool flame period before high temperature ignition during
compression. Using a secondary fuel with lower cetane number such as a
high carbon alcohol can be used to change the reaction pathways; the OH
formation can be decreased and con- sumption rates can be improved,
leading to a beneficial combustion phasing and increased ignition
delay(Soloiu et al., 2018)
Due to rapid depletion of the fossil fuel reserves and environmental
concerns biodiesel has attracted a great deal of attention over the last
few decades. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste
chicken bones were employed in the transesterification reaction of waste
cooking oil for biodiesel production. The physicochemical properties of
the synthesized catalysts were studied by various tech- niques such as
differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTAeTGA)(Farooq
& Ramli, 2015)
Since biodiesel has increasing usage ratio among the alternative fuel
sources, the most important issue for the sustainability of bio- diesel is the
feedstock type which is used in its production. In addi- tion to its technical
effects, the selection of feedstock type has also great influence on the
economic growth of biodiesel industry of the country(Sanli, Canakci,
Alptekin, Turkcan, & Ozsezen, 2015)
Biofuels produced from algal biomass are the most suitable alternative
fuels for the future, as microalgae biomass can accumulate lipids within their
cell similar to vegetable oils with a potential to produce 100 times more oil per
acrel and than any other plants(Mubarak, Shaija, & Suchithra, 2015)
Lipases can catalyze esterification, transesterification and inter-
esterification [1,2] reactions in water-restricted environments and find
applications in the production of biodiesel and structured lipids as well
as in the resolution of racemates. These applica- tions require enzymes
that not only have the required enantio- and regioselectivity, but which also
have high activity and stability in organic solvents(Madalozzo et al., 2015)
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Glogauer, A., … Krieger, N. (2015). Immobilization of LipC12, a new lipase obtained
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