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VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: LARGE VESSEL DISEASE VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: SMALL VESSEL DISEASE NEURODEGENERATION:

Pharmacological & Pharmacological & Pharmacological &


Level of dysfunction Level of dysfunction Level of dysfunction
non-pharmacological interventions non-pharmacological interventions non-pharmacological interventions

Secondary stroke prevention Haemodynamic changes Primary & secondary


Arterial recanalization Microvascular hypoperfusion
stroke prevention
Arterial recanalization Haemodynamic changes Primary & secondary
Increased Tau phosphorylation
for lacunar infarcts stroke prevention
Increased Amyloid deposits
(debatable)
Neuronal & astroglial loss Neurofibrillary tangles
Neuroprotective agents
Loss of white matter tracts

Increased permeability of BBB


Inflammation & oxidative stress Oxidative stress
NIBS Acethylcholinesterase inhibitors Glutamate excitotoxicity Inflammation
Functional & structural Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Mental training N-methyl D aspartate antagonist Loss of white matter Disruption of axonal transport
changes affecting local N-methyl D aspartate antagonist
Physical training Calcium channel blocker cholinergic pathways Synaptic dysfunction
circuits and large scale Neurotrophic factors
Musical therapy Neuroprotective agents Ischemia of basal forebrain Mitochondrial dysfunction
networks related with Ginkgo Biloba
Enriched environment cholinergic nuclei Cholinergic dysfunction
cognitive and emotional
Altered levels of Neurotransmitters
functions
neurotrophic factors
Impaired synaptogenesis

NIBS Functional & structural


NIBS Functional & structural Mental training changes affecting local
Mental training changes affecting local Physical training circuits and large scale
Physical training circuits and large scale Musical therapy networks related with
Musical therapy networks related with Enriched environment cognitive and emotional
Enriched environment cognitive and emotional functions
functions
miRNA networks

Gene networks

Cellular and molecular networks

Local circuits networks

Large scale networks

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