Level of dysfunction Level of dysfunction Level of dysfunction non-pharmacological interventions non-pharmacological interventions non-pharmacological interventions
Arterial recanalization Microvascular hypoperfusion stroke prevention Arterial recanalization Haemodynamic changes Primary & secondary Increased Tau phosphorylation for lacunar infarcts stroke prevention Increased Amyloid deposits (debatable) Neuronal & astroglial loss Neurofibrillary tangles Neuroprotective agents Loss of white matter tracts
Increased permeability of BBB
Inflammation & oxidative stress Oxidative stress NIBS Acethylcholinesterase inhibitors Glutamate excitotoxicity Inflammation Functional & structural Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Mental training N-methyl D aspartate antagonist Loss of white matter Disruption of axonal transport changes affecting local N-methyl D aspartate antagonist Physical training Calcium channel blocker cholinergic pathways Synaptic dysfunction circuits and large scale Neurotrophic factors Musical therapy Neuroprotective agents Ischemia of basal forebrain Mitochondrial dysfunction networks related with Ginkgo Biloba Enriched environment cholinergic nuclei Cholinergic dysfunction cognitive and emotional Altered levels of Neurotransmitters functions neurotrophic factors Impaired synaptogenesis
NIBS Functional & structural
NIBS Functional & structural Mental training changes affecting local Mental training changes affecting local Physical training circuits and large scale Physical training circuits and large scale Musical therapy networks related with Musical therapy networks related with Enriched environment cognitive and emotional Enriched environment cognitive and emotional functions functions miRNA networks
Histophysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion: International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology: Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences