Inca Tern

By:Estella, Trinity ,Carlos, Monique

Period:6

Estella
 Classification
Chordata
● Phylum:Chordata
● Class:Aves
● Order:Charadriiformes
● Family:Laridae
● Binomial name:Larosterna
Inca

Estella
 Body Facts
● Has dark charcoal
gray feathers
● Red beak and red
webbed legs
● White moustache
● Weight from 180-210
grams
● Yellow wattle on
both sides of mouth
● Both sexes look alike Estella
 Distribution
● West coast of South America
● Live from Ecuador and Peru to Chile
● found near cold waters of the Humboldt Current

Estella
● Breeds on inshore
islands
● Can live in abandoned
houses/huts

Habitat

● Nest are found in

burrows or
caves/cavities
● Old nests of Penguins
● Many different kinds of
fish in waters
Estella
 ● Feed off of small fish and Plankton
● Spots prey from the sky
● Hovers over prey
● Prefer anchovies
Steal from boats and other animals
Diet ●

Estella
 Food Web 4
CONSUMER RATS
SEA BLUE
CATS LIONS WHALE

● Inca Terns eat

3
Anchovies CONSUMER
● Inca Terns eat INCA
TERN
ROCKFISH

Plankton
● Plankton eat other 2
CONSUMER
Plankton ANCHOVIES

● Rockfish eat Anchovies

● Sea Lions and Blue 1
Whales eat Inca Terns CONSUMER
PLANKTON

● Cats and Rats eat baby

PRODUCERS
Inca Terns
RECENTLY PLANKTON
HATCHED FISH

Estella
● Many other big fish eat
anchovies
● Other animals eat
plankton

Competition

● Females Terns compete

for male terns
● Males Inca Terns fight
for female Incas

Estella
 Evolutionary History

● Ichthyornis is a major ancestor of birds

● Gulls evolved in the early Oligocene(33.9 million to 23 million years)
● The Crane was evolved 56 to 33.9 million years ago

Estella
Inca Tern Video:

Estella
Adaptation #1: “Senses”
● Taste is
unimportant
● Hearing
needed for
hunting

● Unimportant
sense of smell

● Vision is
needed for
flight

Trinity
Adaptation #2:
“TRAVEL”
● Unskilled
swimmers
● Very skilled
and swift
fliers ● Red
webbed
feet
● Awesome
● Flies in
navigators
airplane
form Trinity
Adaptation #3 “Getting Food”
● Diet
consists of
mainly ● gets food
anchovies from
surface of
water

● Food ● Digested
goes to out of the
crop of cloaca
body ● Gizzard
helps
break
down
food Trinity
Adaptation #4:
“Competition”
● Makes ● Steals
noises to food
alarm
from sea
others
lion’s
teeth

● Hovers ● Will
above move if
prey and no food
attacks available
after Trinity
Adaptation #5: “Protection”

● Has ● Lives in
Large large
pointed colonies
beaks
● Will
attack in
large
flocks
● Cackle- ● Caves
like noises provide
will alarm safety and
shelter

Trinity
Inca Tern adaptation: Getting its food

Trinity
 Reproduction #1
● Reproduce on
rocky sea cliffs.

● In
crevices
or
tunnels. ● On Guano
Islands.

● Leads to more safety for eggs.

Carlos
 Reproduction #2
● Offspring fledge in four
weeks.
● reach
independence A
month after.

● Begin flying
in seven
weeks.

● They practice foraging

techniques. Carlos
● Two times a year.

● During
October
and
December.

● During April
and July.

● Incubate.
Reproduction #3 Carlos
 Reproduction #4

● Both ● Oviparous.
Incubate.
● 3 to 4 ● Sit on
weeks. nests.

Carlos\
● Females have
a Cloaca.

● Males have one

Too.

Reproduction #5
● Mustache
Length.

● Male and female.

Carlos
Inca Tern Video

Carlos
Human Interactions #1 ● Naval base Coronado and Marine Corps
Conservation Efforts base camp Pendleton has been sending
out search teams around the Inca Terns
breeding / Nesting areas in order to keep
them safe.

● In 2009 the Guano and Capes National

Reserve started to breed Inca Terns and
many other birds along their shores.
Walls were built around their nesting
areas and the reserve is notified
whenever there is a sign of threat near.
Monique
● Humans overfishing is also becoming a big problem
for the Inca terns
● Since most of their diet is mainly fish and small sea
creatures (Ex; Plankton, Anchovies ex.)

Human Interactions #2
Instability

● Pollution on the coast of africa is also

harming their environment, eating the
trash left on the shore, getting stuck in
nets and other things humans have
discarded on to the coast
Monique
 ● Terns eggs have been illegally collected in
Human Interactions #3
As A Resource
Eastern Europe

● The Terns have been being eaten and raided by

sailors when they went on voyages.

● Around the 19th century, clothes and hats

made from feathers started to become
popular, and the Tern species was one of
many to be hunted

Monique
 ● As of 2014 their population has reduced down to
150,00 birds
● Their population is going down because of the
pollution and overfishing
● Another big problem was the El Niño effect

The El Niño is temperature in the

water turning warmer than usual

Human Interactions #4
Changes in their habitat

Monique
 Human Interactions #5
Zoo Interaction

● Many of the zoos holding Inca terns are, from what

a couple zoo sites stated, holding them with other
birds and feeding them by hand rather than letting
them fish on their own

● They usually limit it their diets to just small fish

Monique
Zoo Interactions
Being fed in a zoo

Monique
Work Cited:

"Inca tern - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_tern. Accessed 30 Jan. 2018.

"Inca Tern - Oiseaux-Birds." http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-inca-tern.html. Accessed 30 Jan. 2018.
"Inca Tern – Zoo Boise." https://zooboise.org/animals/inca-tern/. Accessed 7 Feb. 2018.
"Inca Tern of South America, one of the bird world's most unique species.." 18 Jul. 2014, https://abcbirds.org/bird/inca-tern/. Accessed 30
Jan. 2018.
"The National Aviary - Inca Tern (Larosterna inca)." https://www.aviary.org/animals/inca-tern. Accessed 2 Feb. 2018.
"Fishing - Peru - export, average, annual, sector." http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Peru-FISHING.html. Accessed 7 Feb.
2018.
"Least Tern | American Bird Conservancy." https://abcbirds.org/bird/least-tern/. Accessed 6 Feb. 2018
"Native Fish Species Of Peru - WorldAtlas.com." https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/native-fish-species-of-peru.html. Accessed 7 Feb.
2018.
"SC Zoo [Exhibits - Animal Details]." https://www.scz.org/mobile/exhibits-animal.php?animal_id=189. Accessed 2 Feb. 2018.
"Plankton - Food Web Activity - Ask a Biologist - ASU." https://askabiologist.asu.edu/experiments/plankton. Accessed 7 Feb. 2018.
"Food Chains (3 - 6)." https://sealife.blob.core.windows.net/media/4291/foodchains_grades3-6.pdf. Accessed 7 Feb. 2018.
"Fish and Domoic Acid - To eat or not ???? - Saltwater Fishing ...." 29 Apr. 2007,
http://forums.allcoast.com/88-main-fishing-board/8692-fish-domoic-acid-eat-not.html. Accessed 7 Feb. 2018.

Estella
Work Cited: Video website:www.wildfilmsindia.com

"Anchovy - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovy. Accessed 31 Jan. 2018

"Inca Tern - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.bio." http://animalia.bio/inca-tern. Accessed 7 Feb. 2018.
"Southern California Ocean Fishing - All About Yellowtail." http://www.socaloceanfishing.com/hf_yell.html. Accessed 2 Feb. 2018.
"Salmon - USGS Publications Warehouse." https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1198/chapters/146-149_Salmon.pdf. Accessed 2 Feb. 2018.
"Female birds competing for mates resemble males - CBC.ca." 10 Dec. 2009,
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/female-birds-competing-for-mates-resemble-males-1.799669. Accessed 9 Feb. 2018.
"Ichthyornis - Prehistoric Wildlife." http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/i/ichthyornis.html. Accessed 8 Feb. 2018.
"Gull - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull. Accessed 8 Feb. 2018.
"American coot - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_coot. Accessed 8 Feb. 2018.
"Crane (bird) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane_(bird). Accessed 8 Feb. 2018.
"Rail (bird) - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_(bird). Accessed 8 Feb. 2018.
"Ichthyornis - Wikipedia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyornis. Accessed 9 Feb. 2018.
"Geologic History - Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP)."
http://www.ramp-alberta.org/river/geography/geological+prehistory/paleozoic.aspx. Accessed 9 Feb. 2018.
"White Sands National Monument - NASA Earth Observatory." 12 Jul. 2009, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=39289.
Accessed 9 Feb. 2018

Estella
Note Links:

https://www.thespruce.com/birds-five-senses-386441

https://birdeden.com/inca-tern-bird

https://www.thespruce.com/digestion-facts-for-birds-386437

http://animalia.bio/inca-tern

http://theconversation.com/migrating-birds-use-a-magnetic-map-to-travel-long-distances-82624

http://mundoazul.org/habitats-species/marine-birds/inca-tern/

https://www.thespruce.com/how-do-wild-birds-keep-warm-in-winter-386721

http://projectbeak.org/adaptations/senses.htm

http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-inca-tern.html

Video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXtmLYFQM5o
Trinity
Images:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_tern

http://oddstuffmagazine.com/a-beautiful-bird-with-a-mustache-inca-tern.html

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/437834395015407879/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/paulbjones/32340202952

http://janbirdingblog.blogspot.com/2010/10/bird-of-month-inca-tern.html

http://otlibrary.com/inca-tern/

http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/several-terns.html

https://gryllosblog.com/tag/inca-tern/
 Note Links:
"Inca Tern - Oiseaux-Birds." http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-inca-tern.html. Accessed 1 Feb. 2018.

"Oviparous | Define Oviparous at Dictionary.com." http://www.dictionary.com/browse/oviparous. Accessed 1 Feb.

2018.

"Funny-looking birds look like that for a reason | Tough Little Birds." 2 Dec. 2013,
https://toughlittlebirds.com/2013/12/02/funny-looking-birds-look-like-that-for-a-reason/. Accessed 6 Feb. 2018.

"Inca tern | mundoazul." http://mundoazul.org/habitats-species/marine-birds/inca-tern/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2018.

"SC Zoo [Exhibits - Animal Details]." https://www.scz.org/mobile/exhibits-animal.php?animal_id=189. Accessed 1

Feb. 2018.

"How Do Birds Mate - Courtship and Sex in Birds - The Spruce." 23 Oct. 2017,
https://www.thespruce.com/how-do-birds-mate-386108. Accessed 21 Feb. 2018.

"Bird Reproduction ( Read ) | Biology | CK-12 Foundation." 29 Nov. 2012,

https://www.ck12.org/biology/bird-reproduction/lesson/Bird-Reproduction-MS-LS/. Accessed 21 Feb. 2018.
Carlos
Pictures:
Slide 17: Pictures 1/2:
https://www.arkive.org/inca-tern/larosterna-inca/image-G41868.html
https://www.hbw.com/ibc/photo/inca-tern-larosterna-inca/pair-inca-terns-courting
Slide 18: Pictures 1/2/3:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inca_tern_chicks_in_Rostock.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NC8ZgWyjUKs
http://wykebirding.blogspot.com/2015/07/spurn-29th-june-2nd-july.html
Slide 19: Pictures 1/2:
https://abcbirds.org/bird/inca-tern/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larosterna_inca_(Inca_Tern_-_Inkasees
chwalbe)_Weltvogelpark_Walsrode_2012-012.jpg
Slide 20: Pictures 1/2/3:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterna Video:
http://albertonykus.blogspot.com/2015/06/bronx-zoo-part-iii-aquatic-birds-and.htm
l https://www.youtube.com/watch
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inca_Tern_with_chick_(Larosterna_inca) ?v=mFXlcfi8AxA
_(4856307305).jpg
Slide 21: Pictures 1/2:
https://daydreamanatomy.com/reproductive-system-of-a-bird/
http://avelando.webs.uvigo.es/pdfs_archivos/javian.pdf
Carlos Cortes
Works Cited

Resources:
Images:
“African Lion.” Rosamond Gifford Zoo, Syracuse, NY, Slide 23 : On the reserve
rosamondgiffordzoo.org/assets/uploads/animals/pdf/CaspianTern.pdf. Slide 24 : Overfishing & Pollution

“Common Tern.” Common Tern - | Birds of North America Online, Slide 25 : Tern Eggs

birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/comter/introduction.
Slide 26 : Graph

Slide 27 : In the zoo

“Inca Tern of South America, One of the Bird World's Most Unique Species.” American Bird
Video:
Conservancy, abcbirds.org/bird/inca-tern/.
Slide 28 - Zoo Video
“Sterna Bergii Lichtenstein. Swift Tern; Greater Crested Tern. Sterne Huppée.” The Birds of

Africa, doi:10.5040/9781472926999.0233.

“A Bird Droppings Biodiversity Paradise – the Guano Islands and Capes National Reserve

System, Peru.” IUCN, 19 May 2016,

www.iucn.org/content/bird-droppings-biodiversity-paradise-–-guano-islands-and-capes-na

tional-reserve-system-peru.

“» Coastal Marine Birding in Peru.” Nature Expeditions Peru,

nature-expeditions-peru.com/more/marine-birding-in-peru/.