0 -1 0
3
-1 0 undefined
2
Arc length = s = r θ (in radians only) sin2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ
1 2 1 cos2θ = cos²θ – sin²θ
Area of a sector = r = sr (in radians only) = 2cos²θ – 1
2 2 = 1 – 2sin²θ
1 sin A sin B sin C
Area of a triangle = ab sin C [plus 2 more interchanging the letters]
2 a b c
a b c
Trig functions definitions
Using the Using a point Using the sin A sin B sin C
Function sides of a (x, y) on the point (x, y) on a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A [plus 2 more interchanging the letters]
right triangle terminal side the unit circle b 2 c 2 a 2 [plus 2 more interchanging the letters]
cos A
opp y 2bc
sin θ y
hyp r sin(-θ) = -sin θ
adj x cos(-θ) = +cos θ
cos θ x tan(-θ) = -tan θ
hyp r
opp y y The co-functions of complementary angles are equal:
tan θ
adj x x sin θ = cos 90 cos θ = sin 90
r² = x² + y² tan θ = cot 90 cot θ = tan 90
sin sec θ = csc 90 csc θ = sec 90
tan
cos
csc
1 sin(180 – θ) = sin θ
sin cos(180 – θ) = - cos θ
1
sec tan(180 – θ) = - tan θ
cos
1 sin (θ + 90°) = + cos θ
cot cos (θ + 90°) = - sin θ
tan
tan (θ + 90°) = - cot θ
The quadrants in which the functions positive:
Mnemonic: “All Students Take Calculus” sin (θ + 180°) = - sin θ
S (sine) A (all) cos (θ + 180°) = - cos θ
T (tangent) C (cosine) tan (θ + 180°) = + tan θ
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
tan² θ + 1 = sec² θ
cot² θ + 1 = csc² θ
sin(A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos(A ± B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B