j ~ p ~ ~ r - ,
A. E. Radwan (75 Minutes)
Spring '03
'c
Students are allowed to use one single sheet (8.5~11inches) as a chea sheet and they
may use both sides. No other material is admitted except a regular pocket
calculator. FEEDS students that are taking this test off-campus should follow the
same rules.
Explain why:
1. Semi-actuated signal controllers are most suitable to install at industrial parks and
shopping center exit points.
Lb
2. According to Webster's delay model, it is not critical to set signals at the "optimum
cycle length".
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4/
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d - c ., 6, Q Kfiwn
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9
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r ;f ~ cQFc keq,.
6. Multi-regime traffic models (flow-speed-density)have received wide acceptance by
the transportation community.
a. ' I A Q ~ ~ !W~ ~ ~ P F
b. 7~.8#7~ 9
A
3. Four types of signal phasing schemes illustrated by a phase diagram:
Question 3 (10 points)
Briefly define:
1. ~ a x i m u Service
h Flow
FqPFy SF( / rd,,~c/-g ~d a
2C %. % m e m ~ m d m+bc~ 0
0 . 3 ~cq,
j*
$&
s&+~/Qphaa
.
4. Full-actuated Traffic Signal Controllers
Catol[*x%OQ atto ~ ~ ~ e c b g
M Cab a h p J ac~~~dy~
The output diagram describes a bottleneck started at 4:00 and lasted for 30 minutes, and
that steady state condition was restored at 5:30. From this diagram calculate the
following:
\ - l ~ c 7 ~ ) : S D w
-'
!b=
2. Points c and d solving the two equatips. \ %
c - 2 e p SC I PC JQ'-P*"'~
&'. J d 3 = 6~ 9 - o 'b ~ ~ '
sc OF C Y / ~ ) A sc s/~nCQ~//D) %2Ju?03*2
-D
__ __--I----CCC--
/
\
phenomenon?
FF
A0 0 - Q - Z G ~ ~
JF,@
'2
fi
- o>q)Q 2;
3 5 -47
).
: p ~ 3 ~ ~ + ( - 1 . 2 9 = 8 2 .d3 q~
'3 0, = r 3 - s + 1 ,-.pq-xh~)%+.
40
. c+(--g'go*)
z -
+ 82.79
-
-.
L
h
-'- 51-a~d30,20 8 J I -8 2 . 3 7 m ~ ~ . 7 ~
m m M
TTE 5204 Second Test
Essam Radwan 75 Minutes Spring '02
2 L6Ygu~k ~2 2.67 X ,
looofb * ------
a R 4--z&rf--
-
-8!
b) What is the left turn adjustment factor, fLT for the same case described?
The following table documents traffic counts taken at a freeway section every 30
minutes.
-
0
X;. a rm,$
l v
.\
w&,.
3. The duration of the traffic bottleneck(s).
52Yo 6 3
5. The longest time in the Q.
_I- --__ k.
30 3-6=
2x1sG - \\
6. The Average delay per vehicle.
~baA-w-4
I I . -
*W
- = h \ v b .A b 4
\,
>
w.+.,,.-
o . s p @2.+ * +
\-_ --
3 - ~ ~ I m + f m + > l s ? , t ~rs-t-;Fs
Ib4m
-- - 2cm+\
Problem #4 (20 points)
The u-k relationship for a particular freeway lane was found to be:
Given that the speed is in miles per hour and the density is in vehicles per mile, find
a) Free-flow speed
b) Jam density
lJ2 0 - L. A
2.G= 0 * \ ( k- *k,)l-
k - ~ % o WSo
= 39 1
72 hk
a= o l m i ( K - 2b0)? 2,g
&?- o l o ~ j ~ ( k qU)5
- 3.6 k
.Ji'q"T*-.- 0 .
(-Y=olmfk.Ck~4@kt5?6cpo]- d,6k2b,
d) Spe d at the capacity
Problem #S 120 points) @
10
(2%)
I
a0 -------a t
(15%)
Signal Timing
39secG+3secY
L 15 sec G + 3 sec y
39 sac G + 3 s e c Y
The above diagram is for an intersection of Flatbush Ave. and Tillary St. The HCS 2000
software was used to conduct a capacity analysis and the attached output documents this
JVT
f, 9, ' 1 , 41 2
1. Show for the boxed numbers in the output how th se igures were calculated.
2. Recommend needed changes in the design and signalization to improve the LOS
HCS2000: Signalized Intersections Release 4.1
Analyst: Essam Radwan Inter.: FlatBush & Tillary
Agency: UCF Area Type: All other areas
Date: 3/20/2002 Jurisd:
Period: Year :
Project ID: Test #2
E/W St: N/S St:
SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION
SUMMARY
1 Eastbound I Westbound I Northbound I Southbound I
IL T R I L T R IL T R IL T R I
No. Lanes
II1 3 O I
I
1 3 O
II 1 2 I I
O I 1 2 0 I
LGConfig IL T I L T I L T I L T I
Volume 1180 890 1340 1110 1350 1220 190 485 I
Lane Width 112.0 12.0
I
112.0 12.0
I
112.0 12.0
I
112.0 12.0
I I
RTOR Vol I
-
Duration 0.25 Area Type: All other areas
Operat ions
Phase Combination 1 2 3 4
EB Left P Left
Thru P Thru
Right P Right
Peds Peds
WB Left P Left
Thru P Thru
Right P Right
Peds Peds
NB Right Right
SB Right Right
Green
Yellow
All Red
HCS-Sl~nals4 1 F l l e TTE 5 2 0 4
VS(= 348
Intersection Performance (.w&)
Summary
Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach = '-7
1
Lane Group Flow Rate
G ~ P Capacity (s) v/c g/c Delay LOS Delay LOS
Eastbound
L 188 1504 1.06 0.13 136.1 F
T 1532 4715 0.65 0.32 36.7 D 53.4 D
Westbound
L
T
221
1479
7 0
4550
611711
0.83
0.13
0.32
390.7 F
43.2 D
- .
124.7 F
Northbound
L 196 1570 1.98 0.13 513.4 F
T 1020 3139 ' 1.33 0.32 195.5 F 266.4 F
Southbound
L 215 1719 0.47 0.13 55.8 E
T 1117 3438 0.48 0.32 33.9 C 37.3 D
-
VOLUME
DATA
OPERATING
PARAMETERS
I Eastbound Westbound I Northbound I Southbound I
II L T R L T R I L T ! L T R I
I
Arriv. ~ y p e l 3 3
0.0 0.0 I
Unit Ext. 1 3 . 0 3.0
3 3 I
IFactor I 1.000
3.0 3.0 I
Lost Time 1 2 . 0 2.0
1.000 I
Ext of g 12.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 I
Ped Min g 1
2.0 2.0 I
I
PHASE
DATA
Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8
EB Left 1 NB Left . P
Thru I Thru P
Right I Right P
Peds I Peds
WB Left P ] SB Left P
Thru P I Thru P
Right P I Right P
Peds I Peds
NB Right I EB Right
I
SB Right I WB Right
I
Green
Yellow
All Red
Cycle Length: 1 2 0 . 0
secs
VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW
WORKSHEET
Volume Adjustment
I Eastbound I Westbound I Northbound Southbound
I L T R IL T R IL T R L T R
Volume, V 1180 8 9 0
I i i
1340 1 1 1 0 1350 1 2 2 0
PHF
Adj flow
10.90 0 . 9 0
1200 mi*@ I 0.90 0.90
1378 1 2 3 3
10.90 0 . 9 0
1389 1 3 5 6
No.Lanes1 1 3 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 2 0
Lane ^'groupI L T
A d j flow 1200 9 8 9
Prop LTs I
Prop RTS I ~#..J1
Ff4F
.aturation Flow Rate (see Exhibit 16-7 to determine the adjustment factors)
Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound
LG L T L T
So 1900 1900 1900 1900
Lanes 1 3 0 1 2 0
fW 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
f HV 0.833 0.909 0.952 0.952
fG 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
fP 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
fBB 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
fA 1.00 1.00 1 - 0 0 1.00
fLU 1-00 0.91 1.00 0.95
fRT 1.000 1.000
fLT 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000
Sec.
fLpb
fRpb
S
Sec .
rn
-d
v
N
0 R a,
,"
?
5
;;I
A 9
Wc,
A
z -4 Q
W U
5
U grd
@ IQ
2
0 rd
3 U
HCS-Slqnals 4 . 1 F l l e ' T T E 5204 Paae 7
- # b k f d/
,
Eastbound
L
T
1.06
1 - 0 6 00.3
0.13
0.65 0.32
Westbound
52.5
34.6
1.000 188
1.000 1532
0.50
0.50
83.6
2.1
2 -1
0.0
0.0 1 36.7
I
I
[q I
i
-
c
-
D
F 53.4 D
Southbound
L 0.47 0.13 48.8 1.000 215 0.50 7.1 0.0
T 0.48 0.32 32.4 1.000 1117 0.50 1.5 0.0 37.3 D
-
Intersection delay = 145.3 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = F
Errors exist. See bottom of report.
SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT
WORKSHEET
for exclusive lefts
Input
EB
Cycle length, C 120.0 sec
Total actual green time for LT lane group, G (s)
Effective permitted green time for LT lane group, g(s)
Opposing effective green time, go (s)
Number of lanes in LT lane group, N
Number of lanes in opposing approach, No
Adjusted LT flow rate, VLT (veh/h)
Proportion of LT in LT lane group, PLT
Proportion of LT in opposing flow, PLTo
Adjusted opposing flow rate, Vo (veh/h)
Lost time for LT lane group, tL
Computation
LT volume per cycle, LTC=VLTC/3600
Opposing lane util. factor, fLUo
0.95
Opposing flow, Volc=VoC/[3600(No)fLUo] (veh/ln/cyc)
gf=G[exp(- a * (LTC * * b))]-tl, gf<=g
Opposing platoon ratio, Rpo (refer Exhibit 16-11)
Opposing Queue Ratio, qro=Max[l-Rpo(go/C),0]
gq, (see Exhibit C16-4,5,6,7,8)
gu=g-gq if gq>=gf, or = g-gf if gq<gf
n=Max(gq-gf)/2,0)
PTHo=l-PLTo
1
PL*=PLT [1+(N-1)g / (gf+gu/ELl+-4.24)
EL1 (refer to Exhibit C16-3)
EL2=Max( (1-Ptho**n)/Plto, 1.0)
fmin=2 (l+PL)/g or fmin=2(l+Pl)/g
gdi ff =max (gq-gf,0)
fm= [gf/g]+ [gu/g][l+PL(ELI-1)1 , (fmin=fmin;max=l. 00)
flt=fm=[gf/g]+ [gu/g]/ [1+PL(ELI-1)1 + [gdif£ 1 / 1 ( E L -], (fmin<=frn<=l.
00)
or flt=[fm+0.91(N-1)1 /N**
Lef t-turn adjustment, fLT
For special case of single-lane approach opposed by multilane approach,
see text.
* If Pl>=l for shared left-turn lanes with N>1, then assume de-facto
left-turn lane and redo calculations.
* * For permitted left-turns with multiple exclusive left-turn lanes, flt=fm.
For special case of multilane approach opposed by single-lane approach
or when gf>gq, see text.
K S - S l s n e l s 4 1 File W E 5204 Pam 9
SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT
WORKSHEET
for shared lefts
Input
EB WB NB SB
Cycle length, C 120.0 sec
Total actual green time for LT lane group, G (s)
Effective permitted green time for LT lane group, g(s)
Opposing effective green time, go (s)
Number of lanes in LT lane group, N
Number of lanes in opposing approach, No
Adjusted LT flow rate, VLT (veh/h)
Proportion of LT in LT lane group, PLT
Proportion of LT in opposing flow, PLTo
Adjusted opposing flow rate, Vo (veh/h)
Lost time for LT lane group, tL
Computation
LT volume per cycle, LTC=VLTC/3600
Opposing lane util. factor, fLUo 0.91 0.91 0.95
0.95
Opposing flow, Volc=VoC/[3600(No)fLUo] (veh/ln/cyc)
gf=G[exp(- a * (LTC * * b) )]-tl, gf<=g
Opposing platoon ratio, Rpo (refer Exhibit 16-11)
Opposing Queue Ratio, qro=Max[l-Rpo(go/C),O]
gq, (see Exhibit C16-4,5,6,7,8)
gu=g-gq if gq>=gf, or = g-gf if gq<gf
n=Max (gq-gf)/2,0)
PTHo=l-PLTo
PL*=PLT [1+(N-1)g/ (gf+gu/EL1+4.24) 1
EL1 (refer to Exhibit C16-3)
EL2=Max( (1-Ptho**n)/Plto, 1.0)
fmin=2(l+PL)/g or fmin=2 (l+Pl)/g
gdiff=max(gq-gf,0)
fm= [gf/g]+ [gu/g][l+PL(ELI-1)1 , (fmin=fmin;max=l.
00)
flt=fm=[gf/g]+[gu/gl/[l+PL(ELl-1)l+[gdiff/g / l + P L E L 2 - 1 ], (fmin<=fm<=l.
00)
or flt=[fm+O.91 (N-1)1 /N**
Left-turn adjustment, fLT
For special case of single-lane approach opposed by multilane approach,
see text.
* If Pl>=l for shared left-turn lanes with N>1, then assume de-facto
left-turn lane and redo calculations.
* * For permitted left-turns with multiple exclusive left-turn lanes, flt=fm
For special case of multilane approach opposed by single-lane approach
or when gf>gq, see text.
HCS-Slqnals 4 1 F l l e W E 5204 Paoe 10
-
Eastbound
Westbound
Northbound
Southbound
BACK OF QUEUE
WORKSHEET
Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound
LaneGroup IL T IL T IL T L T
Init Queue 10.0 0.0 (0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flow Rate 1200 329 1378 411 1389 678 100 269
So (1900 1900 11900 1900 11900 1900 1900 1900
No.Lanes 11 3 0 11 3 0 I1 2 0 1 2 0
SL 11504 1571 11770 1516 11570 1569 1719 1719
LnCapacity 1188 510 1221 493 1196 510 215 558
Flow Ratio 10.13 0.21 10.21 0.27 10.25 0.43 0.06 0.16
V/C Ratio 11.06 0.65 (1.71 0.83 11.98 1.33 0.47 0.48
Grn Ratio 10.13 0.32 10.13 0.32 10.13 0.32 0.13 0.32
IFactor 1 1.000 I 1.000 I 1.000 1.000
AT or PVG 13 3 13 3 13 3 3 3
Pltn Ratio 11.00 1.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
PF2 11.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q1 16.7 9.4 112.6 12.7 113.0 22.6 3.1 7.2
kB 10.4 0.9 10.5 0.9 10.4 0.9 0.5 0.9
Q2 14.1 1.5 120.7 3.2 125.0 24.1 0.4 0.8
Q Average 110.8 10.9 133.3 15.9 138.0 46.7 3.5 8.0
Q Spacing 124.9 24.9 124.9 24.9 124.9 24.9 24.9 24.9
Q Storage 10 0 0 10 0 0 0
Q S Ratio I I
il
.
HCS-Slonals 4 1 File TTE 5 2 0 4 P a w 13
ERROR
MESSAGES
East bound right does not exist but has green time.
West bound right does not exist but has green time.
North bound right does not exist but has green time.
South bound right does not exist but has green time.