CONTENTS

1. SYNOPSIS
2. INTRODUCTION
3. AIR COMPRESSOR
4. BASIC COMPONENTS
5. CONSTRUCTION
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
7. LINE DIAGRAM
8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
9. LIST OF COMPONENTS
10. COST ESTIMATION
11. MERITS & DEMRITS
12. APPLICATIONS
13. CONCLUSION
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 SYNOPSIS

Cleaning has become a basic need for all human beings and it is

unavoidable daily routine process. The conventional road cleaning machine is

most widely used in railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, etc. also

this machine needs electrical energy for its operation. It is not user friendly as

well as eco-friendly. In summer time there is power crisis and most of the

roads cleaning machines are not used effectively due to this problem
particularly. In our project we are using easily available materials with low

cost. It is the better alternative for conventional machine.

The Eco-friendly Road Cleaner has a wide range of applications. It can be

used on all kind of roads in rural as well as the urban. To overcome the rising

issues of cleanliness in India the Eco-friendly road cleaner can play a vital

role. The cleaner solves the problem of dusty roads, choked pipelines and

manholes, removal of metal particles from road and also obstacles. In this

project, our main focus is being cleanliness with no power consumption.

 INTRODUCTION

Effective cleaning and sanitizing helps and protect the health of the human

beings directly and indirectly. Also, cleaning and sanitizing prevents the pest

infestations by reducing residues that can attract and support bees, pests etc. It
also improves the shelf life of the floor, walls etc. due to regular cleaning and

maintenance. In recent years, most of the people prefer to use trains or buses for

commuting and hence these places are littered with biscuits covers, cold drink

bottles etc. Hence, it is necessary to clean the bus stands and railways stations at

regular interval. There is no one single cleaning method that is suitable for all

locations and occasions and effective cleaning depends upon type of cleaning

device, cleaning technique and also the equipment should be user friendly.

Cleaning work can be physically demanding and a need has been identified to

developed methods for systematic ergonomic evaluation of new products. In

recent years, floor cleaning robots are getting more popular for busy and aging

populations due to lack of workers. However in India, unemployment is more

and hence there is a need to develop less labor oriented cleaning machine. Hence,

the present work is aimed to design, development and evaluation of a manually

operated road cleaning machine.

Liu et al carried out a technical analysis of residential floor cleaning robots

based on US granted patents. They observed that the macroscopic analysis of

patents and patent bibliometrics or patent maps, is useful tools to make an

overview for designated technical topics and they observed that the Samsung is
the top one patentee in cleaning robot after macroscopic of view. Imaekhai

Lawrence et al evaluation has shown how the use of multiple assessment

techniques can provide a comprehensive appraisal of the design, usability and

musculoskeletal loading upon the operator. They suggested that the trials with a

larger number of subjects would certainly strengthen the conclusions. Abhishek

Chakra borty et al [6] reported that the most significant cause of road dust to the

total suspended particulate burden is vehicle traveling on paved and unpaved'

surfaces.

Consequently data directly relating dust to road accidents are rare, but in a

study if dust is the cause of 10% of these accidents casualties then the cost could

amount to as much as 0.02% of GDP in some developing countries and total

about $800 million annually. The present state of the road cleaning process is

described below. There are two ways for road cleaning 1) Manual process 2)

Machinated process. In manual process, the road cleaning is done with the help

of and shovel to clean off the debris, waste etc. hand to clean the road by

spreading the dust all over in the air. While in the Machinated process, a vehicle

containing broom at bottom continuously rotating, clean the road as well as sucks

the dust spread by rotating broom.

 If one carefully observes the first process, then he could find the following

limitations which are given below:

1. This process renders fatigue to the hand and even it cause damage to the

shoulder.

2. As it is a continuous process, it produces

3. It is time consuming, and laborious process so, no one wants to do it.

On the other side, in the second process following limitations have been found

out, which are discussed below:

1. The requirement of petrol is prerequisite for this process and continuously.

2. The cost of machine is quite high cost and the rural people could not

afford it to buy.

Cleaning Machine is very much useful in hospitals, houses, auditorium,

shops, computer centers etc; it is very simple in construction and easy to
operate. Anybody can operate this machine easily. It consists of large number
of brush and this brush is used to clean the floor. Hence it is very useful in
hospitals, houses, etc. The time taken for cleaning is very less and the cost is
also very less. Maintenance cost is less. There are several numbers of
cleaning machine and are working under different principles and the cost is
also very high.
 In our project is very simple drive mechanism and easy to operate any
persons and children. The size of the machine is also portable, so we can
transfer from one place to other place very easily. In our cleaning machine
is simple, all house holding device; even children can also operate it easily
with safety. It is very important one for each and every houses and hospitals
etc.
The aim of this project mop is to develop and modernized process for
cleaning the floor by switch on/off the machine.
It is very useful for cleaning the floor. It can be widely used in houses,
hospitals, auditorium, shops, computer centers, etc. In modern days interior
decorations are becoming an important role in our life. Cleaning of floor is a
very important one for our health and reduces the man power requirement.
Every day children are playing games in the floor and their dress, foot, body
having dust. They are clean all the dust containing before entering into the
room or home. In our project floor are cleaned automatically by putting the
step in the machine. Hence our project is very useful in our day to day life.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

 To achieve high safety

 To reduce man power
 To increase the efficiency of the mop
 To reduce the mopload
 To reduce the fatigue of worker
 To reduce time consumption
 Less Maintenance cost
 To reduce power

Reasons for cleaning floors

The principal reasons for floor cleaning are:
 To prevent injuries due to tripping or slipping. Injuries due to slips and
trips on level floors are a major cause of accidental injury or death. Bad
practice in floor cleaning is itself a major cause of accidents.
 To beautify the floor.
 To remove stains dirt, litter and obstructions.
 To remove grit and sand which scratch and wear down the surface.
 To remove allergens, in particular dust.
 To prevent wear to the surface e.g. by using a floor wax or protective
sealant.
 To make the environment sanitary e.g. in kitchens.
 To maintain an optimum traction e.g. for dance floors.
Methods of floor cleaning
 The treatment needed for different types of floors is very different. For
safety it is most important to ensure the floor is not left even slightly wet after
cleaning or mopping up.
Sawdust is used on some floors to absorb any liquids that fall rather than
trying to prevent them being spilt. The sawdust is swept up and replaced each
day. This was common in the past in pubs and is still used in some butchers
and fishmongers.
It used to be common to use tea leaves to collect dirt from carpets and
remove odours. Nowadays it is still quite common to use diatomaceous earth,
or in fact any cat litter type dust, to remove infestations from floors.
There are also a wide variety of floor cleaning machines available today such
as floor buffers, automatic floor scrubbers and sweepers, and carpet extractors
that can deep clean almost any type of hard floor or carpeted flooring surface
in much less time than it would take using a traditional cleaning method.

Wood flooring
Wood flooring should be treated completely differently depending on
whether it waxed or oiled, or whether it has a polyurethane coating. It is
important to determine the type of finish of a wood floor and always treat it
the appropriate way, for instance it is difficult to clear wood floor wax from a
polyurethane floor.

Tile floor cleaning

 Nowadays many modern kitchens, stairs and bathrooms have tile flooring.
Dirt or dust should first be removed with a vacuum cleaner or a broom. Then,
a dry cloth duster or dust mop should be run over the floors after they have
been swept. In the end, washing tiles with warm water will cleanse tiles
easily.

Reducing the need for cleaning

Good well-maintained entrance matting can dramatically reduce the need
for cleaning. For public and office buildings about 80 to 90% of the dirt is
tracked in from outside. Installing a total of 15 feet of matting consisting of
both indoor and outdoor sections will remove about 80% of this.89 Thus
about two-thirds of the dirt can be removed at the entrance. BS 7953
'Entrance flooring systems. Selection, installation and maintenance' has
standards relating to barrier matting.

CHARATERISTICS OF CLEANING MACHINE

Cleaning Machine
 It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.
 The floor is held stationary
 ie. Clamped in position and the mop rotates to make clean.
COMPONENTS OF CLEANING MACHINE

Spindle
The spindle holds the mop or cleaning mops and revolves in a fixed
position in a sleeve.

Sleeve
The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing
in a direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a
cleaning mop is lowered, the cleaning mop is fed into the work: and when it’s
moved upward, the cleaning mop is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure
applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving mop to cut its
way into the mopa fraction of an mm per revolution.

Column
The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column
supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.

Head
The head of the cleaning machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, and
magnet and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.
Base
The base of the cleaning machine supports the entire machine and when
bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best cleaning
accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the worktable and may be equipped
with t- slot for mounting mop too larger for the table.

Hand Feed
The hand- feed cleaning machines are the simplest and most common type
of cleaning machines in use today. These are light duty machine that are
operated by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to
“feel” the action of the cleaning mop as it cuts through the floor. These
cleaning machines can be bench or floor mounted.

Power feed
The power feed cleaning machine are usually larger and heavier than the
hand feed ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cleaning mop in
to the mopally, at preset depth of cut per revolution of the spindle these
machines are used in maintenance for medium duty mop or the mop that uses
large mops that require power feed larger floors are usually clamped directly
to the table or base using t –bolts and clamps by a small mop places are held
in a vise. A depth –stop mechanism is located on the head, near the spindle, to
aid in cleaning to a precise depth.
FACTORS AFFECTING CLEANING

FEEDBACK VARIABLES
To know the position, and therefore the velocity and acceleration, of the
machine mop it is necessary for the machine to be under closed-loop control.
This requires feedback information. The basic tenet of precision cleaning and
precision engineering is if the position of a specific point is required to be
known, then measure the location of that point! This may seem overly simple,
but is most often overlooked or is not possible. Referring back to the previous
statement regarding the location of the cleaning interface, the point of contact
between the mop and the workpiece is where the feedback device should be
located. Needless to say, that is normally not possible. At the other end of the
spectrum, a feedback device may often be placed on the actuation mechanism
causing the desired, or at least commanded, motion. An example of this is an
encoder attached to a drive motor which provides information on a change in
angular position of the motor. Simply put, this feedback strategy will only
provide information about the angular change in the lead-screw drive
mechanism and not about the lead-screw or the linear position of the stage.
The motor could be slipping on the lead-screw or the lead-screw may have
non-linearities. In either case, false information could be returned.

MOP WEAR
Again, the wear of the cleaning mop is normally not a directly measured
variable but can result in an inaccurate cleaning condition akin to a feedback
error. Because the mop edge is not where it is thought to be due to wear, and
its location cannot be readily measured in use, this results in the same type
error as not measuring the location of interest. If the mop edge is assumed to
have a constant spatial coordinate or a constant length from some other
known point on the mop holder, typically the mop slide at the base of the mop
holder sensed by a linear encoder, then any change in that information will
result in an error. As the mop edge wears, it is shortened and will result in a
larger than commanded workpiece dimension. If the operation is turning, the
shaft will be larger in diameter.

AXIS ORTHOGONALITY
Traditional (orthogonal) machine mops (opposed to spatial free-form
machine mops based on Stewart platforms, for example) are composed of
kinematic links ideally situated at right angles to each other. It is assumed the
right angles are present and are maintained throughout all operational
procedures. Because the axis motions are kinematically coupled, as opposed
to physically coupled, errors will result if the axes are not "perfectly"
orthogonal. A motion of only the x-axis, which carries the y-axis stage, will
result in some amount of y motion due to the axes not being at right angles. A
y-motion however would not manifest itself as an x-error. A non-orthogonal
z-axis motion could result in motion components in x and y if the non-
orthogonality is two dimensional. As most fixed errors, if these angular errors
are known, they can be compensated.
MACHINE MOP VARIABLES
As mentioned previously, a machine mop is a spatial manipulator. All
manipulators have joints (revolute joints such as a spindle or prismatic joints
such as a linear slide), structural elements or links connecting the joints,
actuators, and positional feedback sensors. Because machine mops experience
forces generated by cleaning and the weight of the structural elements
themselves, all machine mops are subject to errors called machine mop
variables. The following variables are not all inclusive but do include many of
the more prominent sources of these errors.

SPINDLE VIBRATION
Because the floor or cleaning mop is rotated in a spindle, vibration of the
spindle has two primary effects. First, the spindle vibration can permeate
throughout the structural loop exciting the machine structure. Generally,
spindle vibration will have a relatively high frequency. Depending on the
dynamic characteristics of the machine, the spindle can excite modes of
vibration within the structural loop. Damping in the structural loop is
important to help reduce the amplitude level. The natural frequency of the
structural loop, relative to the spindle frequency, is also important because the
displacement transmissibility will asymptotically approach zero for input
frequencies well above the natural frequency. The effect is more pronounced
for larger values of damping between the natural frequency and
approximately 1.4 times the natural frequency and less at an input frequency
ratio greater than 1.4. This reiterates the fact that the machine and the process
must be well understood and quantified (fundamental of a deterministic
viewpoint) to be made precise.
While calculating the natural frequency of the machine elements can be
difficult, it is one way to estimate which spindle speeds should be avoided.
Easier methods require some level of instrumentation, but not beyond what is
normally available. Mapping the vibration signature of the basic machine
requires some time, but is well worth the investment. A few accelerometers
placed around the structural loop, particularly one at the mop tip and one at
the workpiece will yield a great deal of information. By electronically taking
the difference of the vibration signatures at these two points, as a function of
spindle speed for example, can give a good predictor for vibration induced
errors. If the two signals are in phase and of the same amplitude, there is
essentially rigid body motion and no relative motion between the mop tip and
the workpiece. As a first order approximation, this is a desired condition. If
however, there are vast differences in the amplitude and/or phase of the
motions, there will undoubtedly be larger levels of imprecision in the cleaning
operation. This approach can also be used under actual cleaning conditions as
another approximation of vibration errors.
Other relatively simple methods to identify vibration errors reside in the
frequency domain of the machine and the machined part. Surface metrology
will be presented in a subsequent section, but looking at the frequency content
of a machined part by analyzing the power spectral density, for example, will
quickly reveal the dominant frequency components in the machined surface.
The two components will be those which are artifacts of the desired cleaning
condition, and those which are errors. By knowing the cleaning conditions,
such as feed per revolution, the desired effects (or at least those which would
still be present under "perfect" conditions) can be identified. All other effects
are undesirable and by knowing their frequency content, one can quickly
identify the physical parameter contributing to that error.

PART FIXTURE
As the requirement for high precision cleaning becomes more demanding,
more care must be taken when constraining the floor against the cleaning
forces. By its nature, a part fixture induces stresses into the floor, and the
stresses are particularly high where the fixture structure contacts the mopdust.
If the contact force is too small, the part may move during cleaning so the
normal tendency is to apply a large clamping force. A large force (ie large
stress) also induces strain (surface and internal displacement and stored strain
energy) in the floor. If the dust is then machined to a high precision when
clamped, upon unclamping the floor the stored strain energy will be released
and the part will change shape. It will relax to a configuration with minimal
internal energy. This change of shape will cause the machined shape to
change resulting in a cleaning error

COOLANTS
Associated with dust removal is the use of coolants and/or lubricants.
These dusts have the functions of reducing the coefficient of friction between
the mop and the mopdust (before and after the dust is made), and to help
reduce the temperature of the cleaning action to increase mop life and reduce
dust property changes which can come about by increased temperature. In
microcleaning, the ability to reduce the coefficient of friction might be
questionable because of the very light cut. However, because of a light cut,
there is more plastic deformation and extrusion and the influence of the
lubricant is not well understood. However, the use of a lubricant will, in most
cases, give a better surface finish with most metals such as copper and
aluminum. In some microcleaning, such as cleaning, the use of a fluid is
mandatory to help remove dust from the moped clean since micromops do not
have spiral flutes to assist with dust removal.
 While fluids help the basic cleaning process, it is important to keep in
mind that the fluid (liquid particularly) has a relatively high thermal mass
(specific heat) and therefore if at a different temperature than the mopand
mop, can cause thermal expansion/contraction errors. The ideal fluid would
be one which can remove all heat generated by cleaning, yet remain at a
constant temperature. This would tend to suggest that phase change cooling
might be an area for further research since phase change is a constant
temperature process.

T. W. Stewart wet mop from 1893

A mop (such as a floor mop) is a mass or bundle of coarse strings or yarn,

etc., or a piece of cloth, sponge, or other absorbent material, attached to a pole
or stick. It is used to soak up liquid, for cleaning floors and other surfaces, to
mop up dust, or for other cleaning purposes. The word (then spelled mappe) is
attested in English as early as 1496, but new refinements and variations of
mop designs have been introduced, from time to time.

TYPES

Dry-mop, dust-mop

A dry-mop or dust-mop is designed to pick up dry, loose contamination

such as dust, earth and sand from the surface of the floor. It consists of yarn
and/or microfiber and is used as a first step in cleaning a floor.

Professional dry mops consist of a flat sheet of micro fiber textile or sheets
with a surface of looped yarn, usually about 15 cm (6 in) wide, and comes in
variable lengths (usually 30–100 cm (12–39 in)).

The dry-mop can in many instances replace a broom and has the ability to
hold a limited amount of dust or sand within itself. Ideally, it should be
machine washed when it becomes saturated with dust. Another option is using
a vacuum cleaner to suck surface dust away from the mop, however this is
limited in its effectiveness.

Single-use dry-mops are also available and widely sold.

Wet-mop, moist-mop

A wet mop or moist mop is, in professional cleaning, used as in the

second step in the cleaning of a surface. The wet mop is swept over the
surface to dissolve and absorb fat, mud and dried-in liquid contaminations.
Professional wet-mops consist of a flat sheet of microfiber textile or a sheet
with a surface of looped yarn (which might contain microfiber as well),
usually about 15 cm (6 in) wide, and come in various lengths (usually 30–
100 cm (12–39 in)).

Flat wet-mop (pre-moisting). Loopedmicrofiber with velcro mounting on

back.
 

Flat wet-mop (back view of previous mop).

Flat mop for dry or wet (pre-moisting) use. Open-end microfiber with looped
yarn edges. Velcro back.
Mops for pre-moisting

Professional flat mops are made for pre-moisting. Mops are pre-
impregnated with an ideal amount of water mixed with an appropriate amount
of detergent. This means that the cleaner does not need to bring any additional
water on the cleaning trolley. This ideal amount is often recommended by the
manufacturer in terms of weight percent of water per weight of the dry mop,
for example "175% water per weight of the dry mop".

Mops for pre-moisting are flat sheets of (often microfiber) textile, usually
about 15 cm (6 in) wide, and comes in variable lengths (usually 30–100 cm
(12–39 in)). Mops for pre-moisting are fastened on a handle with a flat pad
mount with the aid or a pouch on the mop, in which the pad on the handle fits.

Pre-moisting

Pre-moisting can be done with a special washing machine or by hand by

simply folding and packing the mops tight in a container and pouring the
measured amount of water over them. The mops will then need about 5 – 10
minutes for the liquid to distribute evenly in their tissue before use.

Advantages

 The cleaner does not have to have a bucket of water with him/her when
sweeping the floor, but simply carries an appropriate number of mops.
This means the weight of the equipment can often be kept lower.
 The risk of over-wetting the floor and leave pools which collect dust is
eliminated if the wetting is ideal.

Hot mop

The hot mop (or steam mop) follows a similar concept to a steam iron.
After adding water, the water is heated to make it exude on top of a floor,
which can then be cleaned without using a cleaning solvent. These can work
best on surfaces where a regular mop would also be used, such as bare floors,
hearths, and laminate.

Syntho-mop

A syntho-mop such as the Scooba is not considered a mop, because even

though it performs the same function as a traditional mop, the lack of hand
operation makes it ineligible for status as a mop.3

Microfiber Mop

Microfiber mops are constructed of a blend

of polyester and polyamide fibers which are “split” and formed into a single
fiber. This blend consists of 70-90% polyester that serves as the scrubbing and
cleaning fiber and 10-30% polyamide which performs as the holding and
quick drying fiber. This blend is usually expressed as a ratio on the label of
the mop, e.g. an 80% polyester and 20% polyamide blend would be labeled as
"80/20".

Handles and mounting

Mop handles From left: Classic yarn mop handle made of aluminium (thread
mount), unadjustable aluminium handle for velcro mop (50 cm), unadjustable
aluminium handle for velcro mop (60 cm), scale included for reference.

A mop handle consists of a long piece of wood or aluminium tubing fitted

with a specific mount for the mop. The handle can be attached for mounting a
mop on it by means of:
 clamp
 hanger (with strands doubled over the hanger)
 plastic claws (attached to the strands)
 pouch (as with many professional flat mops)
 screwing (as with the classic yarn mop)
 velcro (as with many professional flat mops)

Detail of mop mounting piece (blue plastic) and mount

Velcro mop with mount

11.MOP HOLDING DEVICES

The different methods used for holding mop in a mop spindle are

 By directly fitting in the spindle clean.

 By using mop sleeve
 By using mop socket
 By using mop chuck

12. CLEANING OPERATIONS

Cleaning:
It is an operation by which cleans are produced in solid metal by means of
revolving mop called ‘Mop’. Fig. 9 shows the various operations on cleaning
machine.
Reaming:
Reaming is accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-existing clean.
Multi tooth cleaning mop. Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved

MAGNETIC SEPARATION

A magnet (from Greek μαγνήτις λίθος magnḗtis líthos, "Magnesian stone") is

a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is
invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force
that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or
repels other magnets.

A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and

creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a
refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that
can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a
magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron,
nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring
minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic)
materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be
commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a
magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism.

Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically "soft" materials like

annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay magnetized,
and magnetically "hard" materials, which do. Permanent magnets are made
from "hard" ferromagnetic materials such as alnico and ferrite that are
subjected to special processing in a powerful magnetic field during
manufacture, to align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them
very hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain
magnetic field must be applied, and this threshold depends on coercivity of
the respective material. "Hard" materials have high coercivity, whereas "soft"
materials have low coercivity.

An electromagnet is made from a coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an

electric current passes through it but stops being a magnet when the current
stops. Often, the coil is wrapped around a core of "soft" ferromagnetic
material such as steel, which greatly enhances the magnetic field produced by
the coil.

The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or,

alternatively, the total magnetic flux it produces. The local strength of
magnetism in a material is measured by its magnetization.
Magnetic separation is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is
extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force. This separation technique
can be useful in mining iron as it is attracted to a magnet. In mines where
wolframite was mixed with cassiterite, such as South Crofty and East Pool
mine in Cornwall or with bismuth such as at the Shepherd and Murphy mine
in Moina, Tasmania, magnetic separation was used to separate the ores. At
these mines a device called a Wetherill's Magnetic Separator (invented by
John Price Wetherill, 1844–1906) was used. In this machine the raw ore, after
calcination was fed onto a moving belt which passed underneath two pairs of
electromagnets under which further belts ran at right angles to the feed belt.
The first pair of electromagnets was weakly magnetised and served to draw
off any iron ore present. The second pair were strongly magnetised and
attracted the wolframite, which is weakly magnetic. These machines were
capable of treating 10 tons of ore a day.

It is also used in electromagnetic cranes that separate magnetic material from

scraps.
13.MOP HOLDING DEVICES

1. Machine Table Vice

The machine vice is equipped with jaws which clamps the floor. The vice can
be bolted to the cleaning table or the tail can be swung around swung around.
Fig. 13 shows the standard and swivel vice.
The swivel vice is a machine wise that can be swivel through 360° on a
horizontal plane.
Machine Table vice.

2. Step Blocks
These are built to allow height adjustment for mounting the cleaning jobs and
are used with strap clamps and long T-slot bolts.

3. Clamps
These are small, portable vises , which bears against the floor and holding
devices. Common types of clamps are C-clamp, Parallel clamp, machine strap
clamp, U-clamp etc.. Fig. 14 shows the correct and incorrect methods of
mounting the floor.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

AC ELECTRIC
MOTOR

SPINDLE

MOP HOLDER
 CLEANER &
MAGNET

floor CLENING

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The main supply 230V A.C is given to the single phase induction motor.
The motor is running its normal speed. The motor pulley is already connected
to the main shaft pulley with the help of belt drive. The main shaft is rotating
according to the speed of the motor and pulley dimension.

The two numbers of brushes are mounted on the main shaft. The brushes
are rotated due to the rotation of the main shaft. This brushes cleaning the
dust in the foot or shoes.

ADVANTAGES

 Manual effort is reduced.

 Operating time is less.
 Cleaning and polishing can be done at same time.
 Power consumption is less.
 Operating Cost is less.
 Design is very simple.
 Easy fabrication.
 It occupies less floor area.
 Initial cost is less.
 Net weight is less.
 Maintenance cost less.
 It can be used in various places
 Smoother operation.

APPLICATIONS

 Domestic purpose.
 Hospitals.
 Computer centers.
 Auditoriums.
 Cultural centers.
 Schools.
 Colleges.
 Large scale industries.
 Medium scale industries.
 Theatres.
 Educational institutions.

LIMITATIONS

 Speed of the motor is constant.

 Pushing power is required to on the machine ally.
14.CALCULATION OF CLEANING TIME
1. Cleaning Speed (v):-

It’s the peripheral speed of the mop.The cleaning speed depends upon the
properties of the dust being moped, mop dust, mop diameter, rate of speed,
coolant used etc…
v = *D*N, where
D = dia of the mop in m
N = Speed of rotation in rpm
2. Feed Rate (f):-
It’s the movement of mop along the axis (rpm)

4. Dust Removal Rate:-

It’s the volume of dust removed by the mop per unit time
MRR = ( D2 / 4) * f * N mm3 / min

5. Cleaning Time (T) :-

 It depends upon the length (l) of the clean to be moped , to the Speed (N)
and feed (f) of the mop
t = L / f N min

15.SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS

Precautions for Cleaning machine
 Lubrication is important to remove heat and friction.
 Machines should be cleaned after use
 Dust should be removed using brush.
 T-slots, grooves, spindles sleeves, belts, and pulley should be cleaned.
 Machines should be lightly oiled to prevent from rusting
Safety Precautions
 Do not support the floor by hand – use mopholding device.
 Use brush to clean the dust
 No adjustments while the machine is operating
 Ensure for the cleaning mops running straight before starting the
operation.
 Never place mops on the cleaning table
 Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
 Ease the feed if mop breaks inside the floor.

16.DESIGN CALCULATION
1. Calculate the speed of the mop bit to mop a clean of dia 20mm where the
cleaning speed is 25mts/min.
N rpm = (π * D *N)/1000
= (25 * 1000) / (π * 20)
= 397.8rpm

2. The dia of one end of a taper plug is 150mm and dia of the other end is
80mm and the length is 300mm. Calculate its taper.
Taper per mm = (D-d)/L
= (150-80)/ 300
= 0.233mm
3. The dia of one end of a taper plug is 150mm and dia of the other end is
80mm and the length is 300mm. Calculate its taper angle.
Tan α/2= (D-d)/2 L
= (150-80)/ 2*300
= 6.65°

17.BILL OF MATERILS

QUANTI
S.NO ITEM DIMENSION DUST
TY
480X260X300
1. SHAFT 1 M.S
mm
2. MOP 0-10mm 1 cotton
3. spindle 40 mm 1 M.S
AC Copper
4. 1100 RPM 1
motor coil
5 Magnet 50 mm 1 magnet
19.ADVANTAGES

 Higher productivity
 Less cleaning time
 Less man power
 Simple in construction
 Less power consumption

APPLICATIONS
Used in all home, industries & shops
CONCLUSION

The project “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF floor CLEANING

MACHINE” has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed
by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of
every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to
the best working of the unit.
By means of this simple project, we can do many numbers of
operations using the same system.
Finally we conclude that the project is an emerging field and there is a huge
scope for research and development.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Angus, Robert W. THE THEORY OF MACHINES: Drawings, diagrams,

charts. McGraw-Hill 1917. 2nd ion,
Begeman, Myron. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. Photos, diagrams,
drawings, charts. John Wiley, 1942. 1st ion.
Browne & Sharpe Manufacturing Co. CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF
BROWN & SHARPE SCREW MACHINES.
Colvin, Fred H. JIGS AND FIXTURES: A Reference Book. Diagrams,
drawings, plans. McGraw-Hill, 1938. 3rd ion.
Colvin, Fred H. & Frank A. Stanley. CLEANING AND SURFACING
PRACTICE: Cleaning, Reaming, Tapping, Planing, Shaping, Slotting, Milling
& Broaching. Photos, drawings, diagrams, charts. McGraw-Hill, 1948. 3rd
ion,
Hesse, Herman C. ENGINEERING MOPS AND PROCESSES: A Study of
Production Technique. Photos, drawings, diagrams. Van Nostrand,
(1941,1952) 11th printing.