RIZKA DIVA PRATIWI

1506675900

BIOREFINERY AND PROCESS SYSTEM ENGINEERING

Oleh : Dr Ludovic Montastruc

Rabu, 8 November 2017

Biomass to Users

 Food
Biomass energy has the potential to supply a significant portion of America's energy
needs, while revitalizing rural economies, increasing energy independence, and
reducing pollution. Farmers would gain a valuable new outlet for their products. Rural
communities could become entirely self-sufficient when it comes to energy, using
locally grown crops and residues to fuel cars a(nd tractors and to heat and power
homes and buildings. Opportunities for biomass energy are growing. For example,
several million dollars of federal incentives are available through the 2002 Farm Bill
to develop advanced technologies and crops to produce energy, chemicals, and other
products from biomass. A number of states also provide incentives for biomass
energy.
Biomass Energy Sources on the Farm; biomass residues, energy crops, trees, and oil
plants.
 Mechanical Products
 Chemical products
 Energy

Environmental, Societal and Economical Optimization of a Bioethanol Supply

Chain

 Context
Green Supply Chain

Storage Bioproduct
Feedstock Biorefineries
Facilities depots

The main objectives of this supply chain are :

o Optimization of the global system between bacteria to green supply chain: no
unique solution
o Superstructure concept
o MILP problem with enormous discrete variable contribution
o Take account economic, environmental and social aspect
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Application

 Comparison between first and second generation biomass

First generation: corn, and second generation: wood
 Three criteria: Economic Economic cost, Environmental Eco-cost, and Social
Job creation
 Four areas: Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes

 Model
Network Representatives

Constraints

o Balance on biomass
10 weeks per year to produce corn
o 52 weeks per year to collect wood
o Balance on bioethanol
o Respect storage and production capacity
o Respect the global demand of bioethanol
o Respect the biomass-ethanol conversion rate
o Respect the stock deterioration rate
o Etoh Annual production : 400 000T

Objective Functions

 Minimizing the economic cost

Harvesting, Storage, Transport , and Cost of refineries and stores
 Minimizing the Eco-cost (Environmental Impact)
Transport and Eco-cost of refineries and stores
 Maximizing the Number of Jobs
Direct, indirect and Induced
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 Resolution
Methodology
 Optimize economic, environmental and social objectives separately
 Define maximum, minimum and goal
 Normalize
 Apply goal programming method

 Results
Analysis
 Best economic and environmental solution
- 400,000 tons refinery (25% corn, 75% wood)
- Employment: 1/2 of the goal
 Best social solution
- Very high economic cost and high eco-cost
- With capacity limit: 8 refineries (50,000 tons capacity) (≥95% wood).
Very high economic cost and eco-cost
 The fact of using both materials does not lead us to find a good compromise
 Any solution contains stores because they are expensive, not necessary when
using wood and they do not create jobs

MODELING OF ACETONE-BUTANOL-ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM

BIOMASS: GENERATION OF A FEASIBLE SUPERSTRUCTURE

 Introduction
Biorefining
Biorefining is production of bioproducts from biomass. Biochemical processes work
in aqueous medium and cause complex separation phase. The production of
bioproducts has grown up fast recently because the progresses in microbiology
develop.
This is the example of ABE Production from wood biomass.

Picture 2. ABE Production from Wood Biomass

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 Results and Discussion: The optimal purification phase

Currently, the couplings with LL extraction and pervaporation are developing in
laboratory. To limit risks, it is more interesting to use stripping as separation because
this coupling works industrially. In the future, LL extraction would be selected
because it represents a compromise between efficiency, profitability and
environmental impact.
 Conclusions and Prospects
 The current optimal process for the ABE production includes the coupling
fermentation / gas stripping
- Industrially usable, profitable and efficient but slightly pollutant.
- All bioproducts are purified even bioproducts in low amounts.
- The biobutanol selling price is twice as high than the current
petrochemical butanol price.
However when the barrel price will be around 210$, the biobutanol could be
competitive.
- The energy integration of the biorefinery enables to save 24M$/year of
utilities for an initial investment higher by 13M$.
 A multi scale method is required to model a real and detailed biorefinery.
 In the future, the methodology will be extended to design flexible biorefineries
with a large portfolio of bioproducts.

Optimization methods for industrial ecology: design of water and energy

exchanges in eco-industrial parks

 Industrial Ecology (IE)

Industrial organisation more balanced and rational than conventional one
Emulation from natural ecosystems:

PSE inputs: material and energy balances in industrial systems

 Eco-industrial parks (EIP)
A particular application of IE Enterprises in a same geographic area sharing their
energetic ressources and raw materials
 Objective Functions
 Economy : To minimize the total annual cost
 Management and Societal aspects : to maximize satisfaction of each
participant of the EIP and jobs creation
 Topology : To minimize the number of interconnections in the network
 Environnement : To minimize the ressources conservation (water & energy),
environmental impacts, and water footprint
 Optimization
Goal : Finding the optimal design of process units and interplant exchanges
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Key Point : modeling detail of each company

 Development of Systemic Approach

The solution obtained by this systemic approach allows to:

 Reduce the cost of each company in the EIP (total cost reduced from 25%)
 Reduce all mid-point impacts categories: from 4.8% for Respiratory organics
up to 94.5% for Ionizing radiation (mainly due to the fact that 116 T/h of CO2
are sent from the coal gasification to CO2 capture within the EIP)
 Reduce all end-point impacts categories: resources consumption are drastically
reduced.