November 16, 2016

Lesson #1

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a) identify the elements of the story through a song;
b) explain the characteristics of each elements and its functions; and
c) analyze the elements of a short story out from the literary piece.
II. SUBJECT MATTER:
Topic: ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
References:
1. [PPT] Elements of a Short Story. Accessed on November 14, 2016 from
Teacherweb.com
2. Part of a Story Song. Accessed on November 14, 20116 from
Youtube.com
Instructional Materials: laptop, LCD projector, and speaker
Time Allotment: 1 hour
III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

1) Motivation
Class, you are going to watch a video
clip. After which, we will imitate or do
what is being done in the video. The title
of this video is “Part of a Story”.

Are you ready?

Yes Ma’am.

(Students sing and dance with the video)

Parts of a Story Song

I. The people are (echo), the characters!

(echo) (3x)

The people are the characters!

Or even dogs, or cats or birds!

II. The setting is (echo), just where they are

(echo) (3x)

Like in their house or in their car!

The beginning is (echo), what happened

first! (echo) (3x)

Like once upon a time there were…!

III. The middle part (echo), the problem

start (echo) (3x)

Like when the fishies saw the shark!

Practice Teaching
 IV. The end, the end, (echo), just take a look
(echo), at the last page and close the
book!(3x)

2) Presentation of the Lesson

Did you enjoy the singing and dancing Yes Ma’am.

class?
Ma’am it is all about the parts of a story.
What is all about the video then?

Exactly! The video is all about the part of

the story or elements of the story. I let
you sing and dance with the song since it
has something to do with our lesson for A short story is fictional work of prose that
today. What is a short story again class? is shorter in length than a novel.

Very good! It is a short story, wherein

you can read it in one sitting only.

3) Discussion

Let us now discuss the elements of the

story as shown in the PowerPoint
presentation.

So we have here the five elements of a

The five elements of a short story are:
short story. Please read.
• setting
• character
• plot
• conflict
• point of view

• The setting describes where and

The first one is setting, read.
when the story takes place.
• It helps build background and create
images in the mind.
• It helps set the tone or mood of the
story.

Yes, and aside from that in the details of

the setting it describes the following:

• time of day

Practice Teaching
 • time of year

• time in history

• scenery

• weather

• location

You take a look at this setting, the way it

was written which do you think is better?

a. The castle was beside the water.

b. The waves crashed loudly against the
shoreline. The fog lifted lightly and the
medieval castle came into view. It was
a beautiful site! The fog brushed my
face and I could smell the smoke from
the fire in the distance and taste the sea
salt on my lips.

Ma’am the second setting is better because

it is detailed unlike the first one. It is also
catchy.

Very good. If you look at the first setting,

it is plain and boring. In order to come up
to an interesting setting, you have to
make it detailed and descriptive, you
need to add many adjectives in order to
grasp the attention of your readers.

The next element is the character. Every

story needs characters they are people,
animals or creatures. Ma’am the two types of characters are
protagonist and the antagonist.
We also have the two types of character.
What are these?

Protagonist is known for being the “good

guy” or “good girl” in the story while the
antagonist is of course the opposite of the
former, it describes as “bad guy” or “bad
girl” Characterization is the way in which an
author shows the personality of a character

Practice Teaching
Please read the next slide. Characterization is a technique writers use
to make characters “come to life.”

Take note class that character and

characterization is different, you might
be confused.

Characters are the people, animals or

creatures in the story while
characterization shows the attitude or
how the character acts in the story or its
personality.

There are also some techniques that A writer can tell you directly about a
authors apply in characterizing a character…
character that is through direct or indirect
characterization. (Freddy was very competitive)

Please read what is on the slide. Or

A writer can tell you indirectly about a

character…

(Two days before the game, Freddy

gathered his teammates and laid out his
plan. Then he looked at them and said, “We
are going to win this one. No excuses.”)

As you noticed on the first example the

author describes Freddy by directly
saying he is competitive while on the
next example there were instances given
showing the personality of Freddy
wherein it will be the reader who will
describe the character out of those
statements given.
The parts of plot are:
The third element is the plot. Plot is the  exposition
events that take place in a story. Every  rising action
story needs a plot! The plot has different
 climax
parts. What are those?
 falling action

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  denouement

Let us take a look at the figure.

Exposition: The mood and conditions

existing at the beginning of the story. The
The figure shows the parts of the plot setting is identified. The main characters
arrange in its level. Read the definition of with their positions, circumstances and
each part. relationships to one another are established.
The exciting force or initial conflict is
introduced. Sometimes called the “Narrative
HOOK” this begins the conflict that
continues throughout the story.

Rising Action: The series of events,

conflicts, and crises in the story that lead up
to the climax, providing the progressive
intensity, and complicate the conflict.

Climax: The turning point of the story. A

crucial event takes place and from this point
forward, the protagonist moves toward his
inevitable end. The event may be either an
action or a mental decision that the
protagonist makes.

Falling Action: The events occurring from

the time of the climax to the end of the
story. The main character may encounter
more conflicts in this part of the story, but
the end is inevitable.

Resolution/Denouement: The tying up of

loose ends and all of the threads in the story.
The conclusion. The hero character either
emerges triumphant or is defeated at this
point.

Practice Teaching
The plot is one of the most important
element of the story because this shows
the flow of the story where readers gets
more excited as it goes through
especially if the plot applies some special
techniques like flashback, foreshadowing
and suspense.

The forth one is the conflict.

Conflict is the “battle” between two

forces. Types of conflict are:

Conflict isn’t always bad. Sometimes it Character vs. Character

helps to create change.
Character vs. Nature
There are also types of conflict, what are
these? Character vs. Society

Character vs. Self

These are the types of conflict that the

characters may encounter throughout the
story. On this part usually reveals the
characterization of the characters.

The last element is what we call, point of

view. It is the angle from which the story
is told. It maybe the author who is
narrating the story, the main character
and the like. Student 1: the elements of the story are
setting, character, plot, conflict and point of
4) Generalization view.

Before we proceed to our activity, let us Student 2: The plot consists of five parts
summarize first the lesson discussed for which are the exposition, rising action,
today. climax, falling action and the denouement.

Student 3: there are four types of conflict,

these are character vs. character, character
vs. nature, character vs. society and
character vs. self.

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Okay very good!

IV. EVALUATION

This time you will be making your own

fiction story.

Each of you is going to begin a story by

writing only one complete sentence. (For
instance: Once upon a time on a very
dark and stormy night, all the lights blew
out in Peter's house.) The person to the
right of you will read the sentence before
them and proceed to write the next
sentence. Continue passing the papers to
the right, having them add only one new
sentence each time they receive a paper.
The more sentences in the story, the
longer writing time is needed. Continue
this process until each person receives
her/his initial paper with her/his
beginning sentence.

Once each has received his/her initial

paper, s/he should read the story and
write one concluding sentence. Read
your story in front of your classmates.

V. ASSIGNMENT

For your assignment, read the story,

Makato and the Cowrie Shell and
identify the plot of the story. Write in a
one half crosswise sheet of paper.

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