Gusset Connections PDF

IIC-1
Chapter IIC
Bracing and Truss Connections
The design of bracing and truss connections is covered in

Part 13 of the AISC Steel Construction Manual.
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Example II.C-1 Truss Support Connection
Given:
Determine:
a. the connection requirements between gusset and column,

b. the required gusset size and the weld requirements for member U0L1 at the gusset.
RD = 18.5 kips
RL = 55.5 kips
Use d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts in standard holes and E70 electrodes.
IIC-3
Material Properties: Manual

Top Chord WT8×38.5 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Tables 2-3
Column W12×50 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi and 2-4
Brace 2L4×32×a ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Gusset Plate ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Clip Angles 2L4×4 ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Geometric Properties:
Top Chord WT8×38.5 tw = 0.455 in. Manual
Brace 2L4×32×a t = 0.375 in. Table 1-8
Solution:
LRFD ASD
Brace axial load Brace axial load
Ru = 174 kips Ra = 116 kips
Truss end reaction Truss end reaction
Ru = 1.2 (18.5) + 1.6 ( 55.5) = 111 kips Ra = 18.5 + 55.5 = 74 kips
Top chord axial load Top chord axial load
Ru = 140 kips Ra = 93 kips
Design the weld connecting the diagonal to the gusset
Note: Specification Section J1.7 requiring that the center of gravity of the weld group coincide
with the center of gravity of the member does not apply to end connections of statically loaded Section J1.7
single angle, double angle and similar members.
For a-in. angles, Dmin = 3, try 4-in. fillet welds, D = 4. Table J2.4
LRFD ASD
Ru 174 kips Ra 116 kips
Lreq = = = 7.81 in. Lreq = = = 7.81 in.
4 D (1.392) 4 ( 4)(1.392) 4 D (1.392) 4 ( 4)( 0.928)
Use 8 in. at the heel and 8 in. at the toe of Use 8 in. at the heel and 8 in. at the toe of
each angle. each angle.
Determine minimum gusset thickness based on weld size
Note: This check is required only when the stress in the plate is unknown. Since, in this case,
the stress is known and gusset block shear rupture will be checked, this is not required. It is
included here to illustrate the method.
For two 4-in. fillet welds,
6.19 D 6.19 ( 4)
tmin = = = 0.427 in.
Fu ( 58 ksi)
IIC-4
Use a 2 in. gusset plate. With the diagonal to gusset welds determined, a gusset plate layout as
shown in Figure (c) can be made.
LRFD ASD
Design bolts connecting clip angles to Design bolts connecting clip angles to
column (shear and tension) column (shear and tension)
The number of d-in. diameter ASTM A325- The number of d-in. diameter ASTM A325-
N bolts required for shear only is as follows: N bolts required for shear only is as follows:
Ru 111 kips Ru 74 kips Manual

nmin = = = 5.14 nmin = = = 5.14 Table 7-1
φrn 21.6 kips/bolt φrn 14.4 kips/bolt
Try a clip angle thickness of s in. For a trial calculation, the number of bolts was increased to
10 in pairs at 3-in. spacing; this is done to “square off” the connection as shown
LRFD ASD
With 10 bolts, With 10 bolts,

fv = = = 18.5 ksi fv = = = 12.3 ksi
(
nAb (10 bolts) 0.601 in.2 ) (
nAb (10 bolts) 0.601 in.2 )
LRFD ASD
The eccentric moment at the faying surface The eccentric moment at the faying surface is
is as follows: as follows:
Mu = Ru e = (111 kips)( 6.1 in.) = 677 kip-in. M a = Ra e = ( 74 kips)( 6.1 in.) = 451 kip-in.
For the bolt group, the Case II approach of Manual Part 7 can be used. Thus, the maximum
tensile force per bolt, T, is given by:
n’ = number of bolts above the neutral axis = 4 bolts

dm = moment arm between resultant tensile force and resultant compressive force = 9 in.
LRFD ASD
Mu 677 kip-in. Ma 451 kip-in.
Tu = = = 18.8 kips/bolt Ta = = = 12.5 kips/bolt
n ' d m ( 4 bolts)( 9 in.) n ' d m ( 4 bolts)( 9 in.)
LRFD ASD
Check design tensile strength of bolts Check design tensile strength of bolts
Fnt ΩFnt
Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f v ≤ Fnt Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f v ≤ Fnt
φFnv Fnv
Eqn. J3-3a
(LRFD) and
= 1.3 ( 90 ksi) −
90 ksi
(18.5 ksi) = 1.3 ( 90 ksi) −
( 2.00)( 90 ksi)
0.75 ( 48 ksi)
(12.3 ksi) J3-3b (ASD)
48 ksi
Table J3.2
= 70.8 ksi < 90 ksi o.k. = 70.1 ksi < 90 ksi o.k.
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(
B = φFnt ' Ab = 0.75 ( 70.8 ksi ) 0.601 in.2 ) B=
Fnt '
Ab =
70.1 ksi
(
0.601 in.2 )
Ω 2.00
= 31.9 kips > 18.8 kips o.k.
= 21.1 kips > 12.5 kips o.k.
Check the clip angles
Check prying action.
p = 3 in.
5 in.
b = 2 in. − 8
= 1.69 in.
2
Note: 14 in. entering and tightening clearance accommodated, o.k.
a = 4 in. − 2 in. ≤ 1.25b (for calculation purposes)
= 2 in. < 1.25 (1.69 in.) = 2.11 in. o.k.
b' = b −
d
= 1.69 in. −
( 7 8 in.) = 1.25 in.
2 2
a' = a +
d
= 2 in. +
( 7 8 in.) = 2.44 in.
2 2
b ' 1.25 in.

ρ= = = 0.512
a ' 2.44 in.
d' 15 in.
δ = 1− = 1 − 16 = 0.688
p 3 in.
LRFD ASD
4.44 Bb ' 4.44 ( 31.9 kips )(1.25 in.) 6.66 Bb ' 6.66 ( 21.1 kips )(1.25 in.)
tc = = tc = =
pFu ( 3 in.)( 58 ksi ) pFu ( 3 in.)( 58 ksi)
= 1.01 in. = 1.01 in.
1 ⎡ ⎛ tc ⎞ 2 ⎤
α' = ⎢ − 1⎥
δ (1 + ρ) ⎣⎢⎜⎝ t ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
1 ⎡⎛ 1.01 in. ⎞ 2 ⎤
= ⎢⎜ − 1⎥
0.688 (1 + 0.512) ⎣⎢⎝ 0.625 in. ⎟⎠ ⎦⎥
= 1.55
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Since α ' > 1, use α ' = 1.0
LRFD ASD
2 2
⎛t⎞ ⎛t⎞
Ta = B ⎜ ⎟ (1 + δα ') Ta = B ⎜ ⎟ (1 + δα ')
⎝ tc ⎠ ⎝ tc ⎠
2 2
⎛ 0.625 in. ⎞ ⎛ 0.625 in. ⎞
= ( 31.9 kips) ⎜ ⎡1 + 0.688 (1) ⎤⎦ = ( 21.1 kips) ⎜ ⎡1 + 0.688 (1) ⎤⎦
⎝ 1.01 in. ⎟⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 1.01 in. ⎟⎠ ⎣
= 20.6 kips > 18.8 kips o.k. = 13.6 kips > 12.5 kips o.k.
Check shear yielding of the clip angles Check shear yielding of the clip angles
(
φRn = φ 0.6 Fy Ag ) Rn / Ω =
( 0.6 F ) A
y g
Ω
= 1.0 ( 0.6)( 36 ksi) ⎡⎣2 (15.0 in.)( 5
8 in.) ⎤⎦
( 0.6)( 36 ksi) ⎡⎣2 (15.0 in.)( 58 in.) ⎤⎦
=
1.50
= 405 kips > 111 kips o.k. = 270 kips > 74 kips o.k.
Check shear rupture of the angles Check shear rupture of the angles
An = 2 ⎡⎣15.0 in. − 5 (1 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 5 8 in.) = 12.5 in.2 An = 2 ⎡⎣15.0 in. − 5 (1 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 5 8 in.) = 12.5 in.2
Rn / Ω =
( 0.6 Fu ) An
φRn = φ ( 0.6 Fu ) An Ω
(
= 0.75 ( 0.6)( 58 ksi) 12.5 in.2 ) =
( 0.6)( 58 ksi) (12.5 in.2 )
2.00
Check block shear rupture of the clip angles

Section J4.3
Assume uniform tension stress, use Ubs = 1.0.
Gross area subject to shear, Agv = 2 (15.0 in. − 1 1 2 in.)( 5 8 in.) = 16.9 in.2
Net area subject to shear, Anv = 16.9 in.2 − 2 ⎡⎣ 4 1 2 (1 in.)( 5 8 in.) ⎤⎦ = 11.3 in.2
Net area subject to tension, Anv = 2 ⎡⎣( 2 in.)( 5 8 in.) − 0.5 (1 in.)( 5 8 in.) ⎤⎦ = 1.88 in.2
IIC-7
LRFD ASD
{
φRn = φ ⎡⎣ Fu Ant + min 0.6 Fy Agv ,0.6 Fu Anv ⎤⎦ } {
⎡ Fu Ant + min 0.6 Fy Agv ,0.6 Fu Anv ⎤
Rn / Ω = ⎣ ⎦ }
Ω Eqn. J4-5
(
⎡( 58 ksi) 1.88 in.2 + ) ⎤
⎢ ⎥ (
⎡( 58 ksi) 1.88 in.2 + ) ⎤
= 0.75 ⎢
⎢ min ⎪⎨
(
⎧0.6 ( 36 ksi) 16.9 in.2 ) ,⎫⎪⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ (
⎪⎩0.6 ( 58 ksi) 11.3 in. )
⎬⎥
⎥
⎢
⎢ min ⎪⎨
(
⎧0.6 ( 36 ksi) 16.9 in.2 ) ,⎫⎪⎥
⎬⎥
2
⎣ ⎭⎪⎦ ⎢
⎣ (
⎪⎩0.6 ( 58 ksi) 11.3 in.
2
) ⎪⎭⎥⎦
=
2.00
Use 2L4×4×s.
Check bearing and tearout
d'
The clear edge distance, Lc, for the top bolts is Lc = Le − , where Le is the distance to the
2
center of the hole. Thus,
Lc = 1 1 2 in. − 1 2 ( 15 16 in.) = 1.03 in.
The bearing/ tearout capacity of the top bolt is as follows:
LRFD ASD
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4dtFu 1.2 Lc tF 2.4 dtFu
rn / Ω = ≤
Ω Ω
= 0.75(1.2) (1.03 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi) 1.2 (1.03 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi )
=
2.00
≤ 0.75 ( 2.4)( 7 8 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi)
≤
2.00
= 33.6 kips < 57.1 kips = 22.4 kips < 38.1 kips
= 33.6 kips/bolt = 22.4 kips/bolt

IIC-8
The bearing/ tearout capacity of each of the remaining bolts is Lc = 3 in. − 1( 15 16 in.) = 2.06 in.
LRFD ASD
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4dtFu 1.2 Lc tF 2.4 dtFu
rn / Ω = ≤
Ω Ω
= 0.75(1.2) ( 2.06 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi) 1.2 ( 2.06 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi)
=
2.00
≤ 0.75 ( 2.4)( 7 in.)( 5 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 5 8 in.)( 58 ksi)
8 8
≤
2.00
Therefore the bearing/ tearout capacity of the Therefore the bearing/ tearout capacity of the
bolt group is bolt group is
φRn = ( 33.6 kips)( 2 bolts) + Rn / Ω = ( 22.4 kips)( 2 bolts) +
( 57.1 kips)( 8 bolts) ( 38.1 kips)( 8 bolts)
Design clip angle-to-gusset connection
The minimum weld size is x in. with top chord slope being 2 on 12, the horizontal welds are
as shown due to the square cut end. Use the average length. Then, Table J2.4
l = 15.0 in. Manual

Table 8-9
3 3 8 in. + 2 3 4 in.
kl = = 3.06 in.
2
kl 3.06 in.
k= = = 0.204
l 15.0 in.
With θ = 0°, by interpolation x = 0.030 and
al + xl = 10.1 in.
⎡10.1 in. − 0.030 (15.0 in.) ⎤⎦

a= ⎣ = 0.643
15.0 in.
By interpolation, C = 1.50
IIC-9
LRFD ASD
Ru ΩRa
Dreq = Dreq =
2 ( φCC1l ) 2 ( CC1l )
=
111 kips
=
( 2.0)( 74 kips)
2 ( 0.75)(1.50)(1.0)(15.0 in.) 2 (1.50)(1.0)(15.0 in.)
= 3.29 → 4 sixteenths = 3.29 → 4 sixteenths
Use 4-in. fillet welds. Use 4-in. fillet welds.
Design chord extension plate
The chord stem extension plate thickness should match or slightly exceed that of the tee stem;
use 2-in. plate.
Check tension yielding on the Whitmore section
Lw = 4 in. + 2 ( 8 in.) tan 30° = 13.2 in.
LRFD ASD
Rn / Ω =
Fy Ag
=
( 36 ksi)(13.2 in.)( 12 in.)
φRn = φFy Ag = 0.9 ( 36 ksi)(13.2 in.)( 1 2 in.) Ω 1.67
Check block shear rupture of the clip angles
Assume uniform tension stress, use Ubs = 1.0

Section J4.3
Gross area subject to shear, Agv = 2 ( 8.0 in.)( 1 2 in.) = 8.0 in.2
Net area subject to shear, Anv = Agv = 8.0 in.2
Net area subject to tension, Anv = ( 4 in.)( 1 2 in.) = 2.0 in.2
LRFD ASD
Rn Fu AntU bs ⎛ 0.6 Fy Agv Fu Anv ⎞
(
φRn = φFu AntU bs + min φ0.6 Fy Agv , φFu Anv ) Ω
=
Ω
+ min ⎜
⎝ Ω
,
Ω ⎟⎠
Eqn. J4-5
( 58 ksi) ( 2.0 in.2 )

(
= 0.75 ( 58 ksi) 2.0 in. 2
) =
2.00
(
⎧⎪0.75 ( 0.6)( 36 ksi) 8.0 in. 2
) ,⎫⎪ (
⎧ 0.6 ( 36 ksi) 8.0 in.2
⎪
) ,⎫⎪
+ min ⎨ ⎬
(
⎪⎩0.75 ( 0.6)( 58 ksi) 8.0 in.
2
) ⎪⎭ ⎪
+ min ⎨
2.00 ⎪
⎬
(
⎪ 0.6 ( 58 ksi) 8.0 in.
2
) ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎩ 2.00 ⎭
IIC-10
The gusset width must be such that the groove weld connecting it to the stem of the tee can
transfer the tee axial force between the gusset and the top chord (note that the slight slope of
the top chord has been ignored). The required length is
LRFD ASD
Ru ΩRa
Lreq = Lreq =
φ ( 0.6 Fu ) t ( 0.6 Fu ) t
=
140 kips
= 11.8 in. =
( 2.00)( 93 kips) = 11.8 in.
0.75 ( 0.6)( 58 ksi )( 0.455 in.) ( 0.6)( 58 ksi)( 0.455 in.)
Use L = 15 in. Use L = 15 in.
The gusset depth depends upon the connection angles. From a scaled layout, the gusset must
extend 1’-0” below the tee stem.
Use PL2×12×1’-3.
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Example II.C-2 Bracing Connection
Given:
Design the diagonal bracing connection between the W12×87 brace and the W18×106 beam
and the W14×605 column.
Brace Axial Load Tu = 675 kips Ta = 450 kips

Beam End Reaction Ru = 15 kips Ra = 10 kips
Column Axial Load Pu = 422 kips Pa = 281 kips
Use d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts in standard holes and E70 electrodes.
IIC-12
Material Properties:
Brace W12×87 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Beam W18×106 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Tables 2-3
Brace W12×87 A=25.6 in.2 d =12.5 in. tw=0.515 in. bf=12.1 in. tf=0.810 in. Manual
Beam W18×106 d=18.7 in. tw=0.590 in. bf=11.2 in. tf=0.940 in. k=1.34 Table 1-1
Column W14×605 d=20.9 in. tw=2.60 in. bf=17.4 in. tf=4.16 in.
IIC-13
Solution:
Brace-to-gusset connection
Distribute brace force in proportion to web and flange areas.
LRFD ASD
Force in flange Force in flange
Puf =
Pu b f t f
=
( 675 kips)(12.1 in.)( 0.810 in.) Paf =
Pa b f t f
=
( 450 kips)(12.1 in.)( 0.810 in.)
A 25.6 in.2
A 25.6 in.2
= 259 kips
= 172 kips
Force in web
Force in web
Puw = Pu − 2 Puf = 675 kips − 2 ( 259 kips)
Paw = Pa − 2 Paf = 450 kips − 2 (172 kips)
= 157 kips
= 106 kips
Design brace-flange-to-gusset connection.
Determine number of d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts required on the brace side for single
shear.
LRFD ASD
Puf 259 kips Paf 172 kips
nmin = = = 11.9 → 12 bolts nmin = = = 11.9 → 12 bolts
φrn 21.6 kips/bolt rn /Ω 14.4 kips/bolt
On the gusset side, since these bolts are in double shear, half as many bolts will be required.
Try six rows of two bolts each through the flange, six bolts through the gusset, and 2L4x4xw
angles (A = 10.9 in.2 x = 1.27 in. ).
LRFD ASD
Check tension yielding of the angles Check tension yielding of the angles
Fy Ag ( 36 ksi) 10.9 in.
2
( )
φRn = φFy Ag = 0.90 ( 36 ksi) 10.9 in.2 ( ) Rn / Ω =
1.67
=
1.67
Check tension rupture of the angles

x 1.27 in.
U = 1− = 1− = 0.92 Table D3.1
l 15 in.
Ae = UAn = 0.92 ⎡⎣10.9 in.2 − 2 ( 3 4 in.)(1 in.) ⎤⎦ = 8.65 in.2
LRFD ASD
(
Fu Ae ( 58 ksi) 8.65 in.
2
)
φRn = φFu Ae = 0.75 ( 58 ksi) 8.65 in. ( 2
) Rn / Ω =
Ω
=
2.00
IIC-14
Check block shear rupture of the angles.
Use n = 6, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 12 in.
LRFD ASD
(
φRn = φFu AntU bs + min φ0.6 Fy Agv , φFu Anv ) Rn Fu AntU bs
=
⎛ 0.6 Fy Agv Fu Anv ⎞
+ min ⎜ ,
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠
Tension Rupture Component Tension Rupture Component Manual

Table 9-3a
φFu Ant = ( 43.5 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) Fu Ant / Ω = ( 29.0 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
Shear Yielding Component Shear Yielding Component Manual

Table 9-3b
φ0.6 Fy Agv = ( 267 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = (178 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
Shear Rupture Component Shear Rupture Component Manual

Table 9-3c
φ0.6 Fu Anv = ( 287 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = (191 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
φRn = ( 43.5 kips + 267 kips )( 3 4 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = ( 29.0 kips + 178 kips)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
Eqn. J4-5
Similarly, the block shear rupture strength of the brace flange is o.k.
Design brace-web-to-gusset connection
Determine number of d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts required on the brace side (double
shear) for shear.
LRFD ASD
Puw 157 kips P 106 kips Manual Table
nmin = = = 3.63 → 4 bolts nmin = aw = = 3.67 → 4 bolts 7-1
φrn 43.3 kips/bolt rn /Ω 28.9 kips/bolt
On the gusset side, the same number of bolts are required. Try two rows of two bolts and two
PLa×9.
LRFD ASD
Check tension yielding of the plates Check tension yielding of the plates
Rn / Ω = Fy Ag / Ω =
( 36 ksi)( 2)( 38 in.)( 9 in.)
φRn = φFy Ag = 0.90 ( 36 ksi )( 2)( 3 8 in.)( 9 in.) 1.67
Eqn. D2-1
IIC-15
Check tension rupture of the plates
Take Ae as the lesser of An and 0.85Ag,

Section D3.2
( )
Ae = min An , 0.85 Ag = min {( 3
8 }
in.) ⎡⎣ 2 ( 9 in.) − 4 (1 in.) ⎤⎦ , 0.85 ( 2)( 3 8 in.)( 9 in.) = 5.25 in.
2 User Note
LRFD ASD
( 58 ksi) ( 5.25 in.2 )
(
φRn = φFu Ae = 0.75 ( 58 ksi) 5.25 in. 2
) Rn / Ω = Fu Ae / Ω =
2.00
Eqn. D2-2
= 228 kips > 157 kips o.k. =152 kips > 106 kips o.k.
Check block shear rupture of the plates (outer blocks).
Use n = 2, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 12 in. The calculations here are done in the same manner
as those for the angles. Thus,
LRFD ASD
(
=
+ min ⎜ ,
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠

Table 9-3a

Table 9-3b
φ0.6 Fy Agv = ( 72.9 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = ( 48.6 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
Manual
Shear Rupture Component Shear Rupture Component Table 9-3c
φ0.6 Fu Anv = ( 78.3 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = ( 52.2 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
φRn = ( 43.5 kips + 72.9 kips )( 3 4 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = ( 29.0 kips + 48.6 kips)( 3 4 in.)( 2)
Eqn. J4-5
Similarly, the block shear rupture strength of the interior blocks of the brace-web plates and
the brace web are o.k.
Check block shear rupture of the brace web.
Use n = 2, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 3 in.

IIC-16
LRFD ASD
(
=
Ω
+ min ⎜
⎝ Ω
,
Ω ⎟⎠

Table 9-3a
φFu Ant = (122 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2) Fu Ant / Ω = ( 81.3 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2)
Shear Yielding Component Shear Yielding Component

Manual
φ0.6 Fy Agv = (101 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = ( 67.5 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2)
Table 9-3b
Shear Rupture Component Shear Rupture Component

Manual
φ0.6 Fu Anv = ( 87.8 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = ( 58.5 kips/in.)( 0.515 in.)( 2) Table 9-3c
φRn = (122 kips + 101 kips )( 0.515 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = ( 81.3 kips + 58.5 kips )( 0.515 in.)( 2)
Eqn. J4-5
LRFD ASD
Check tension yielding of the brace Check tension yielding of the brace
( 50 ksi) ( 25.6 in.2 )

(
φRn = φFy Ag = 0.90 ( 50 ksi) 25.6 in. 2
) Rn / Ω = Fy Ag / Ω =
1.67
Eqn. D2-1
Check tension rupture of the brace
Take Ae as An,
Ae = An = 25.6 in.2 − ⎡⎣ 4 ( 0.810 in.) + 2 ( 0.515 in.) ⎤⎦ (1 in.) = 21.3 in.2
LRFD ASD
( 65 ksi) ( 21.3 in.2 )
(
φRn = φFu Ae = 0.75 ( 65 ksi) 21.3 in. 2
) Rn / Ω = Fu Ae / Ω =
2.00
Eqn. D2-2
Design the gusset
From edge distance, spacing, and thickness requirements of the angles and web plates, try
PL w.
Check block shear rupture for the force transmitted through web. Use n = 2, Lev = 12 in. and
Leh = 3 in.
LRFD ASD
(
=
+ min ⎜ ,
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠
IIC-17
Tension Rupture Component Tension Rupture Component

Manual
φFu Ant = (109 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) Fu Ant / Ω = ( 72.5 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) Table 9-3a

Manual
Table 9-3b
φ0.6 Fy Agv = ( 72.9 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = ( 48.6 kips/in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2)

Manual
φ0.6 Fu Anv = ( 78.3 kips/in.)( 3
4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = ( 52.2 kips/in.)( 3
4 in.)( 2) Table 9-4
φRn = (109 kips + 72.9 kips)( 3 4 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = ( 72.5 kips + 48.6 kips) ( 34 in.)( 2)
= 273 kips > 157 kips o.k. = 182 kips > 106 kips o.k. Eqn. J4-5
Check block shear rupture for total brace force
With Agv = 24.8 in.2, Anv = 16.5 in.2, and Ant = 12.4 in.2. Thus,
LRFD ASD
(
=
Ω
+ min ⎜
⎝ Ω
,
Ω ⎟⎠
Section J4.3

(
Fu Ant ( 58 ksi) 12.4 in.
2
)
(
φFu Ant = 0.75 ( 58 ksi) 12.4 in.2 ) Ω
=
2.00
= 539 kips = 360 kips

(
0.6 Fy Agv ( 0.6)( 36 ksi) 24.8 in.
2
)
(
φ0.6 Fy Agv = 0.75 ( 0.6)( 36 ksi) 24.8 in.2 ) Ω
=
2.00
= 402 kips = 268 kips

(
0.6 Fu Anv ( 0.6)( 58 ksi) 16.5 in.
2
)
(
φ0.6 Fu Anv = 0.75 ( 0.6)( 58 ksi) 16.5 in.2 ) Ω
=
2.00
= 431 kips = 287 kips
φRn = 539 kips + min ( 402 kips, 431 kips ) Rn / Ω = 360 kips + min ( 268 kips, 287 kips)
IIC-18
Check tension yielding on the Whitmore section of the gusset.
The Whitmore section, as illustrated with dashed lines in Figure (b), is 34.8 in. long; 30.9 in.
occurs in the gusset and 3.90 in. occurs in the beam web. Thus,
LRFD ASD
φRn = φFy Aw Rn / Ω = Fy Aw / Ω
Eqn. J4-1
⎡( 36 ksi)( 30.9 in.)( 3 4 in.) + ⎤ ⎡( 36 ksi)( 30.9 in.)( 3 4 in.) + ⎤
= 0.90 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣( 50 ksi)( 3.90 in.)( 0.590 in.) ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣( 50 ksi)( 3.90 in.)( 0.590 in.) ⎥⎦
=
1.67
Note: The beam web thickness is used, conservatively ignoring the larger thickness in the
beam-flange and the flange-to-web fillet area.
Check bearing strength of the angles, brace flange and gusset
The bearing strength per bolt is given by Specification Section J3.10 as:
rn = 1.2 Lc tFu ≤ 2.4dtFu

Eqn. J3-6a
Because of the edge distance requirement, the angles, brace flange, and gusset, must be
considered simultaneously. The angles have edge bolts and interior bolts. For an edge bolt,
Lc = 1 1 2 in. − ( 1 2 )( 1516 in.) = 1.03 in.
LRFD ASD
1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4dtFu rn / Ω = ≤ Eqn. J3-6a
Ω Ω
1.2 (1.03 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi )
= 0.75(1.2) (1.03 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi) =
2.00
≤ 2.4(0.75) ( 7 8 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.4 ( 8 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi)
7
≤
2.00
For an interior bolt,
Lc = 3 in. − (1)( 1516 in.) = 2.06 in.

IIC-19
LRFD ASD
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4dtFu 1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
rn / Ω = ≤ Eqn. J3-6a
Ω Ω
= 0.75(1.2) ( 2.06 in.)( 3 in.)( 58 ksi) 1.2 ( 2.06 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi)
=
4
≤ 0.75(2.4) ( 7
8 in.)( 3
4 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.00
2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi)
≤
2.00
= 81.0 kips < 68.6 kips = 54 kips < 45.7 kips
Note: The above strengths are per angle.
The gusset plate bolt strengths are the same as the angle bolt strengths since the gusset plate is
the same thickness and material, and has the same edge distance. Thus,
LRFD ASD
For an edge bolt, φrn = 40.4 kips/bolt For an edge bolt, rn / Ω = 26.9 kips/bolt
For an interior bolt, φrn = 68.6 kips/bolt For an interior bolt, rn/Ω = 45.7 kips/bolt
For the brace, edge bolt Lc = 1.03 in. and interior bolt Lc = 2.06 in.
LRFD ASD
Brace edge bolt, Brace edge bolt,
1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
Ω Ω
1.2 (1.03 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi)
= 0.75(1.2) (1.03 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi) =
2.00
≤ 0.75(2.4) ( 7 8 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi)
≤
2.00
LRFD ASD
Brace interior bolt, Brace interior bolt,
1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4 dtFu rn / Ω = ≤ Eqn. J3-6a
Ω Ω
1.2 ( 2.06 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi)
= 0.75(1.2) ( 2.06 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi) =
2.00
≤ 0.75(2.4) ( 7 8 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 0.810 in.)( 65 ksi)
≤
2.00

IIC-20
The bearing strength of the flange connection can now be calculated. Summarizing the various
strengths:
LRFD ASD
Member Edge Interior Member Edge Interior

Angle (2) 80.8 kips 137 kips Angle (2) 53.8 kips 91.4 kips
Gusset 40.4 kips 68.6 kips Gusset 26.9 kips 45.7 kips
Brace 48.9 kips 83.2 kips Brace 32.6 kips 55.5 kips
From the above table, From the above table,
φRn = (1 bolt )( 40.4 kips/bolt ) Rn / Ω = (1 bolt )( 26.9 kips/bolt )

+ ( 5 bolts)( 68.6 kips/bolt ) + ( 5 bolts)( 45.7 kips/bolt )
Note: The gusset edge bolt bearing strength is less than the bolt double shear strength; the bolt
shear strength must be re-checked. Thus, the revised bolt shear strength is
LRFD ASD
φRn = (1 bolt )( 40.4 kips/bolt ) Rn / Ω = (1 bolt )( 26.9 kips/bolt )
+ ( 5 bolts)( 43.3 kips/bolt ) + ( 5 bolts)( 28.9 kips/bolt )
= 257 kips < 259 kips o.k. = 171 kips < 172 kips o.k.
Note: When the brace force is compression gusset buckling would have to be checked; refer to
the comments at the end of this example.
Distribution of the brace force to beam and column
From the members and frame geometry
dbeam 18.7 in. Manual

eb = = = 9.35 in. Part 13
2 2
d column 20.9 in.

ec = = = 10.5 in.
2 2
12
tan θ = = 1.25
9 916
and eb tan θ − ec = ( 9.35 in.)(1.25) − (10.5 in.) = 1.19 in.
Try gusset PL w × 42 in. horizontally × 33 in. vertically (several intermediate gusset

dimensions were inadequate). With connection centroids at the midpoint of the gusset edges
42 in. 1
α= + 2 in. = 21 1 2 in.
2
where 2 in. is allowed for the setback between the gusset and the column, and
IIC-21
33 in.
β= = 16 1 2 in.
2
Choosing β = β, the α required for the uniform forces is
α = eb tan θ − ec + β tan θ = 1.19 + (16.5 in.)(1.25) = 21.8 in.
The resulting eccentricity is α − α, where
α − α = 21.8 in. − 21.5 in. = 0.3 in.
Since slight eccentricity is negligible. Use α = 21.8 in. and β = 16.5 in.
Calculate gusset interface forces
r= (α + ec ) 2 + (β + eb ) 2 = ( 21.8 in. + 10.5) 2 + (16.5 in. + 9.35 in.) 2 = 41.4 in.
On the gusset-to-column connection
LRFD ASD
e P (10 1 2 in.)( 675 kips) e P (10 1 2 in.)( 450 kips)
H uc = c u = = 171 kips H ac = c a = = 114 kips
r 41.4 in. r 41.4 in.
βPu (16 12 in.)( 675 kips) βPa (16 1 2 in.)( 450 kips)
Vuc = = = 269 kips Vac = = = 179 kips
r 41.4 in. r 41.4 in.
On the gusset-to-beam connection
LRFD ASD
αP ( 21.8 in.)( 675 kips) αP ( 21.8 in.)( 450 kips)
H ub = u = = 355 kips H ab = a = = 237 kips
r 41.4 in. r 41.4 in.
eb Pa ( 9.35 in.)( 675 kips) eb Pa ( 9.35 in.)( 450 kips)

Vub = = = 153 kips Vab = = = 102 kips
r 41.4 in. r 41.4 in.
Design gusset-to-column connection
The forces involved are Vuc = 269 kips (Vac = 179 kips ASD) shear and Huc = 171 kips (Hac =
114 kips ASD) tension.
Try 2L4×4×2×2’-6 welded to the gusset and bolted with 10 rows of d in. diameter A325-N
bolts in standard holes to the column flange.
Calculate the required tensile strength per bolt
LRFD ASD
H uc 171 kips H ac 114 kips
Tu = = = 8.55 kips/bolt Ta = = = 5.70 kips/bolt
n 20 bolts n 20 bolts
IIC-22
Check design strength of bolts for tension- Check allowable strength of bolts for
shear interaction. tension-shear interaction.
Vuc 269 kips Vac 179 kips Manual

ruv = = = 13.5 kips/bolt rav = = = 8.95 kips/bolt Table 7-1
13.5 kips/bolt < 21.6 kips/bolt o.k. 8.95 kips/bolt < 14.4 kips/bolt o.k.
ruv 13.5 kips rav 8.95 kips

fu v = = = 22.5 ksi f av = = = 14.9 ksi
Ab 0.6013 in.2 Ab 0.6013 in.2
Fnt Fnt Ω
Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f uv ≤ Fnt Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f av ≤ Fnt Eqn. J3-3a/b
φFnv Fnv
and
90 ksi 90 ksi ( 2.00)
= 1.3 ( 90 ksi) − ( 22.5 ksi) = 1.3 ( 90 ksi) − (14.9 ksi) Table J3.2
0.75 ( 48 ksi) 48 ksi
= 60.8 ksi < 90 ksi = 61.1 ksi < 90 ksi
Use Fnt’ = 60.8 ksi Use Fnt’ = 61.1 ksi
(
Fnt ' Ab ( 61.1 ksi) 0.6013 in.
2
)
(
Bu = φFnt ' Ab = 0.75 ( 60.8 ksi) 0.6013 in. 2
) Ba =
Ω
=
2.00
= 27.4 kips/bolt > 8.55 kips/bolt o.k. = 18.4 kips/bolt > 5.70 kips/bolt o.k.
Check bearing strength at bolt holes
The bearing strength per bolt is
LRFD ASD
1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
φrn = φ1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4 dtFu rn / Ω = ≤ Eqn. J3-6a
Ω Ω
1.2 (1.03 in.)( 2 in.)( 58 ksi )
1
= 0.75(1.2) (1.03 in.)( 1 2 in.)( 58 ksi) =

2.00
≤ 0.75(2.4) ( 7 8 in.)( 1 2 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 1 2 in.)( 58 ksi)
≤
2.00
Since this edge bolt value exceeds the single- Since this edge bolt value exceeds the single-
shear strength of the bolts 21.6 kips, and the shear strength of the bolts 14.4 kips, and the
actual shear per bolt of 13.5 kips, bearing actual shear per bolt of 8.95 kips, bearing
strength is o.k. strength is o.k
IIC-23
Check prying action

t 1 in. Manual
b = g − = 2 1 2 in. − 2
= 2 1 4 in. Part 9
2 2
Note: 14 in. entering and tightening clearance is accommodated, o.k.
a = 4 in. − g = 4 in. − 2 1 2 in. = 1 1 2 in.
Since a =12 in. is less than 1.25b = 2.81 in., use a = 12 in.
d 7 in.
b' = b − = 2 1 4 in. − 8 = 1.81 in.
2 2
d 7 in.
a' = a + = 1 1 2 in. + 8 = 1.94 in.
2 2
b ' 1.81 in.

ρ= = = 0.935
a ' 1.94 in.
LRFD ASD
1 ⎛ Bu ⎞ 1 ⎛ 27.4 kips/bolt ⎞ 1 ⎛ Ba ⎞ 1 ⎛ 18.4 kips/bolt ⎞
β= − 1⎟ = −1 β= − 1⎟ = −1
⎜
ρ ⎝ Tu ⎠ 0.935 ⎜⎝ 8.55 kips/bolt ⎟⎠ ⎜
ρ ⎝ Ta ⎠ 0.935 ⎜⎝ 5.70 kips/bolt ⎟⎠
= 2.36 = 2.38
Since β > 1, set α’ = 1.0
d' 15 in.
δ = 1− = 1 − 16 = 0.688
p 3 in.
LRFD ASD
4.44Tu b ' 6.66Ta b '
treq = treq =
pFu (1 + δα ') pFu (1 + δα ')
4.44 ( 8.55 kips/bolt )(1.81 in.) 6.66 ( 5.70 kips/bolt )(1.81 in.)
= =
( 3 in.)( 58 ksi) ⎡⎣1 + 0.688 (1.0) ⎤⎦ ( 3 in.)( 58 ksi) ⎡⎣1 + 0.688 (1.0) ⎤⎦
= 0.484 in. = 0.484 in.
Since t = 2 in. > 0.484 in., angles are o.k. Since t = 2 in. > 0.484 in., angles are o.k.
IIC-24
Design welds
Try fillet welds around the perimeter (three sides) of both angles.
LRFD ASD
Puc = H uc + Vuc
2 2
Pac = H ac + Vac
2 2
= (171 kips) 2 + ( 269 kips) 2 = 319 kips = (114 kips) 2 + (179 kips) 2 = 212 kips
⎛H ⎞ ⎛ 171 kips ⎞ ⎛H ⎞ ⎛ 114 kips ⎞

θ = tan -1 ⎜ uc ⎟ = tan -1 ⎜ = 32.4° θ = tan -1 ⎜ ac ⎟ = tan -1 ⎜ = 32.5°
⎝ Vuc ⎠ ⎝ 269 kips ⎟⎠ ⎝ Vac ⎠ ⎝ 179 kips ⎟⎠
From Manual Table 8-8 with θ = 300,
l = 30 in., kl = 32 in., therefore k = 0.117
By interpolation
x = 0.011, xl = 0.011(30 in.) = 0.33 in.
al = 4 in. − xl = 4 in. − 0.33 in. = 3.67 in.

a = 0.122
By interpolation
C = 2.60
LRFD ASD
Puc Pac Ω
Dreq = Dreq =
φCC1l CC1l
=
319 kips
=
( 212 kips)( 2.00)
0.75 ( 2.60)(1.0)( 2 welds )( 30 in.) ( 2.60)(1.0)( 2 welds)( 30 in.)
From Specification Table J2.4, minimum weld size is 4 in. Use 4-in. fillet welds.
Check gusset thickness against weld size required for strength

6.19 D 6.19 ( 2.73 sixteenths)
For two fillet welds, tmin = = = 0.291 in. < 3
4 in. o.k.
Fu 58 ksi
IIC-25
Check strength of angles
Check shear yielding (due to Vuc or Vac)
LRFD ASD
(
φRn = φ 0.60 Fy Ag ) Rn / Ω =
0.60 Fy Ag
Eqn. J4-3
Ω
= 1.00 ⎡⎣0.60 ( 36 ksi )( 2)( 30 in.)( 1 2 in.) ⎤⎦ 0.60 ( 36 ksi)( 2)( 30 in.)( 1 2 in.)
=
1.50
= 648 kips > 269 kips o.k.
= 432 kips > 179 kips o.k.
Similarly, shear yielding of the angles due to Huc is not critical.
Check shear rupture

LRFD ASD
φRn = φ ( 0.60 Fu Anv ) 0.60 Fu Anv
Rn / Ω = Eqn. J4-4
Ω
= 0.75(0.60) ( 58 ksi)( 1 2 in.) 0.60 ( 58 ksi )( 12 in.) ⎡⎣( 2)( 30 in.) − 20 (1 in.) ⎤⎦
=
× ⎡⎣( 2)( 30 in.) − 20 (1 in.) ⎤⎦ 2.00
= 348 kips > 179 kips o.k.

= 522 kips > 269 kips
o.k.
Block shear rupture
Use n = 10, Lev = 12 in. and Leh = 12 in. Thus,
LRFD ASD
(
=
+ min ⎜ ,
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠

Table 9-3a

Table 9-3b
φ0.6 Fy Agv = ( 462 kips/in.)( 1 2 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = ( 308 kips/in.)( 1 2 in.)( 2)
Manual
Shear Rupture Component Shear Rupture Component Table 9-3c
φ0.6 Fu Anv = ( 496 kips/in.)( 1 2 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = ( 331 kips/in.)( 1 2 in.)( 2)
φRn = ( 43.5 kips + 462 kips )( 1 2 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = ( 29.0 kips + 308 kips)( 1 2 in.)( 2)
Eqn. J4-5
IIC-26
Check column flange
By inspection, the 4.16 in. thick column flange has adequate flexural strength, stiffness, and
bearing strength.
Design the gusset-to-beam connection
The forces involved are
LRFD ASD
Hub = 355 kips Hab = 237 kips
Vub = 153 kips Vab = 102 kips
Because one edge of the gusset is welded and the other is bolted, the distribution of force on
the welded edge is uneven. To account for this, the required strength of the gusset edge is
amplified by a factor of 1.25 to allow for the redistribution of forces on the weld.
The stresses on the gusset plate at the welded edge are as follows:
LRFD ASD
Vub Vab Fy Eqn. J4-6
f ua = ≤ φFy f aa = ≤
tl tl Ω
153 kips
≤ 0.90 ( 36 ksi)
102 kips 36 ksi
= = ≤
( 3
4 in.)( 42 in.) ( 34 in.)( 42 in.) 1.67
= 4.86 ksi < 32.4 ksi o.k. = 3.24 ksi < 21.6 ksi o.k.
f uv =
H ub
tl
(
≤ φ 0.60 Fy ) f av =
H ab 0.60 Fy
tl
≤
Ω
Eqn. J4-3
=
355 kips
≤ 1.00 ( 0.60)( 36 ksi ) 237 kips 0.60 ( 36 ksi)
= ≤
( 3
4 in.)( 42 in.) ( 3
4 in.)( 42 in.) 1.50
= 11.3 ksi < 21.6 ksi o.k. = 7.52 ksi < 14.4 ksi o.k.
LRFD ASD
⎛V ⎞ ⎛ 153 kips ⎞ ⎛V ⎞ ⎛ 102 kips ⎞ Section J2.4
θ = tan -1 ⎜ ub ⎟ = tan -1 ⎜ = 23.3° θ = tan -1 ⎜ ab ⎟ = tan -1 ⎜ = 23.3°
⎝ H ub ⎠ ⎝ 355 kips ⎟⎠ ⎝ H ab ⎠ ⎝ 237 kips ⎟⎠
µ = 1.0 + 0.5sin1.5 θ = 1.0 + 0.5sin1.5 ( 23.3°) = 1.12 Eqn. J2-5
The weld strength per z in. is as follows:
LRFD ASD
φrw = (1.392 kips/in.)(1.12) = 1.56 kips/in. rw / Ω = ( 0.928 kips/in.)(1.12) = 1.04 kips/in.
The peak weld stress is given by The peak weld stress is given by
⎛t⎞ ⎛t⎞
f u peak = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
( fua + fub ) 2 + fuv 2 f a peak = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
( f aa + f ab ) 2 + f av 2
IIC-27
⎛ 3 in.⎞ ⎛ 3 in.⎞
=⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
( 4.86 ksi + 0 ksi) 2 + (11.3 ksi) 2 =⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
( 3.24 ksi + 0 ksi) 2 + ( 7.52 ksi) 2
= 4.61 kips/in. = 3.07 kips/in.
The average stress is The average stress is
⎡ f − f 2+ f 2 ⎤ ⎡ f − f 2+ f 2 ⎤
( ua ub ) uv ⎥ ( aa ab ) av ⎥
t⎢ t⎢
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢⎣ + ( f ua + fub ) + f uv ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ + ( f aa + f ab ) + f av ⎥⎦
2 2
f u ave = f a ave =
4 4
Since fub = 0 ksi (there is no moment on the Since fab = 0 ksi (there is no moment on the
edge) fu ave = fu peak = 4.61 kips/in. edge) fa ave = fa peak = 4.61 kips/in.
The design weld stress is The design weld stress is
{
f u weld = max f u peak , 1.25 fu ave } {
f a weld = max f a peak , 1.25 f a ave }
= max { 4.61 kips/in., 1.25 ( 4.61 kips/in.)} = max { 3.07 kips/in., 1.25 ( 3.07 kips/in.)}
= 5.76 kips/in. = 3.84 kips/in.
The required weld size is The required weld size is
f u weld Ωf a weld
Dreq = Dreq =
φrw rw
5.76 kips/in. 3.84 kips/in.

= = 3.69 → 4 sixteenths = = 3.69 → 4 sixteenths
1.56 kips/in. 1.04 kips/in.
Minimum weld size is c in. Use a c-in. Minimum weld size is c in. Use a c-in.
fillet weld. fillet weld.
LRFD ASD
Check local web yielding of the beam Check local web yielding of the beam
φRn = φ ( N + 2.5k ) Fywtw ( N + 2.5k ) Fywtw

Rn / Ω =
Ω
Eqn. J10-3
= 1.0 ⎡⎣ 42 in. + 2.5 (1.34 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 50 ksi )( 0.590 in.)
⎡ 42 in. + 2.5 (1.34 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 50 ksi )( 0.590 in.)
=⎣
= 1340 kips > 153 kips o.k. 1.50
= 892 kips > 102 kips o.k.

IIC-28
Design beam-to-column connection
Since the brace may be in tension or compression, the required strength the beam-to-column
connection is as follows. The required shear strength is
LRFD ASD
Rub ± Vub = 15 kips + 153 kips = 168 kips Rab ± Vab = 10 kips + 102 kips = 112 kips
and the required axial strength is and the required axial strength is
Aub ± ( H u − H ub ) = 0 ± 171 kips = 171 kips Aab ± ( H a − H ab ) = 0 ± 114 kips = 114 kips
Try 2L8×6×w×1’-22 (leg gage = 2w in.) welded to the beam web, bolted with five rows of d
in. diameter A325-N bolts in standard holes to the column flange.
Calculate tensile force per bolt

LRFD ASD
Aub ± ( H u − H ub ) 171 kips Aab ± ( H a − H ab ) 114 kips
Tu = = Ta = =
Check available strength of bolts for tension-shear interaction

LRFD ASD
Rub ± Vub 168 kips Rab ± Vab 112 kips
Vu = = Va = =
Vu 16.8 kips/bolt Va 11.2 kips/bolt

f uv = = = 27.4 ksi f av = = = 18.6 ksi
Ab 0.6013 in.2 Ab 0.6013 in.2
Fnt ΩFnt Table J3.2,

Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f uv ≤ Fnt Fnt ' = 1.3Fnt − f av ≤ Fnt Eqns. J3-3a
φFnv Fnv
and J3-3b
90 ksi 2.00 ( 90 ksi)
= 1.3 ( 90 ksi) − ( 27.4 ksi) < 90 ksi = 1.3 ( 90 ksi) − (18.6 ksi) < 90 ksi
0.75 ( 48 ksi) 48 ksi
= 48.5 ksi < 90 ksi o.k. = 47.2 ksi < 90 ksi o.k.
Use Fnt’ = 48.5 ksi. Use Fnt’ = 47.2 ksi.
(
Fnt ' Ab ( 48.5 ksi) 0.6013 in.
2
)
(
Bu = φFnt ' Ab = 0.75 ( 48.5 ksi ) 0.6013 in.2 ) Ba =
Ω
=
2.00
= 21.9 kips/bolt > 17.1 kips/bolt o.k. = 14.2 kips/bolt > 11.4 kips/bolt o.k.
IIC-29
LRFD ASD
Check bearing strength Check bearing strength
1.2 Lc tF 2.4dtFu
Ω Ω
1.2 (1.03 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi)
= 0.75(1.2) (1.03 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi) =
2.00
≤ 0.75(2.4) ( 7 8 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi) 2.4 ( 7 8 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 58 ksi)
≤
2.00
= 26.9 kips < 45.7 kips
= 40.4 kips < 68.6 kips
Since this edge bolt value exceeds the single- Since this edge bolt value exceeds the single-
shear strength of the bolts 21.6 kips, bearing shear strength of the bolts 14.4 kips, bearing
does not control. o.k. does not control. o.k.
Check prying action
t 0.75 in.
b= g− = 2 3 4 in. − = 2 3 8 in.
2 2
Note: 14 in. entering and tightening clearance is accommodated, o.k.
a = 6 in. − g = 6 in. − 2 3 4 = 3 1 4 in.
Since a = 34 in. exceeds 1.25b = 2.97 in., use a = 2.97 in. for calculation purposes.
d 7 in.
b' = b − = 2 3 8 in. − 8 = 1.94 in.
2 2
d 7 in.
a' = a + = 2.97 in. + 8
= 3.41 in.
2 2
b ' 1.94 in.

ρ= = = 0.569
a ' 3.41 in.
14 1 2 in.
p= = 2.90 in./bolt
5 bolts
d' 15 in.
δ = 1− = 1 − 16 = 0.677
p 2.90 in.
LRFD ASD
1 ⎛ Bu ⎞ 1 ⎛ 21.9 kips ⎞ 1 ⎛ Ba ⎞ 1 ⎛ 14.2 kips ⎞
β= − 1⎟ = −1 β= − 1⎟ = −1
⎜
ρ ⎝ Tu ⎠ 0.569 ⎝⎜ 17.1 kips ⎠⎟ ⎜
ρ ⎝ Ta ⎠ 0.569 ⎜⎝ 11.4 kips ⎟⎠
= 0.493 = 0.432
IIC-30
1⎛ β ⎞ 1⎛ β ⎞
α' = ≤ 1.0 α' = ≤ 1.0
δ ⎝⎜ 1 − β⎠⎟ δ ⎝⎜ 1 − β⎠⎟
1 ⎛ 0.493 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 0.432 ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ ≤ 1.0 = ⎜ ⎟ ≤ 1.0
0.677 ⎝ 1 − 0.493 ⎠ 0.677 ⎝ 1 − 0.432 ⎠
= 1.44 > 1.0, use α ' = 1.0 . = 1.12 > 1.0, use α ' = 1.0 .
4.44Tu b ' 6.66Ta b '

treq = treq =
pFu (1 + δα ') pFu (1 + δα ')
4.44 (17.1 kips/bolt )(1.94 in.) 6.66 (11.4 kips/bolt )(1.94 in.)
= =
( 2.90 in.)( 58 ksi) ⎡⎣1 + ( 0.677)(1.0) ⎤⎦ ( 2.90 in.)( 58 ksi) ⎡⎣1 + ( 0.677)(1.0) ⎤⎦
= 0.723 in. < w in. o.k. = 0.723 in. < w in. o.k
Design welds
Try fillet welds around perimeter (three sides) of both angles.
LRFD ASD
Puc = (171 kips) 2

+ (168 kips) = 240 kips
2
Pac = (114 kips) 2
+ (112 kips) = 160 kips
2
⎛ 171 kips ⎞ ⎛ 114 kips ⎞

θ = tan -1 ⎜ = 45.5° θ = tan -1 ⎜ = 45.5°
⎝ 168 kips ⎟⎠ ⎝ 112 kips ⎟⎠
For θ = 450, l = 142 in., kl = 72 in., and k = 0.517 Manual

By interpolation Table 8-8
x = 0.132,
xl = 0.132(142 in.) = 1.91 in.
al = 8 in. − xl = 8 in. − 1.91 in. = 6.09 in.
a = 0.420
By interpolation
C = 3.55
LRFD ASD
P ΩPac
Dreq = uc Dreq =
φCC1l CC1l
240 kips 2.00 (160 kips)

= =
0.75 ( 3.55)(1.0)( 2 welds )(14 12 in.) ( 3.55)(1.0)( 2 welds)(14 12 in.)
Minimum weld size is 4 in. Use 4-in. fillet Table J2.4

Minimum weld size is 4 in. Use 4-in. fillet
welds. welds.
IIC-31
Check beam web thickness (against weld size required for strength)
For two fillet welds
6.19 D 6.19 ( 3.11 sixteenths)

tmin = = = 0.296 in. < 0.590 in. o.k.
Fu 65 ksi
Check the strength of the angles
Shear yielding
LRFD ASD
(
φRn = φ 0.60 Fy Ag ) Rn / Ω =
0.60 Fy Ag Eqn. J4-3
Ω
= 1.0 ( 0.60)( 36 ksi )( 2)(14 1 2 in.)( 3 4 in.) 0.60 ( 36 ksi)( 2)(14 1 2 in.)( 3 4 in.)
=
1.50
= 470 kips > 168 kips o.k.
= 313 kips > 112 kips o.k.
Similarly, shear yielding of the angles due to Huc is not critical.
Shear rupture
Anv = ( 3 4 in.) ⎡⎣ 2 (14 1 2 in.) − 10 (1 in.) ⎤⎦ = 14.3 in.2
LRFD ASD
φRn = φ ( 0.60 Fu Anv ) 0.60 Fu Anv Eqn. J4-4
Rn / Ω =
Ω
(
0.60 ( 58 ksi) 14.3 in.2 )
(
= 0.75 ( 0.60)( 58 ksi) 14.3 in.2 ) =
2.00
Block shear rupture
With n = 5, Lev = 14 in., Leh = 34 in. Section J4.3
Ant = ⎡⎣( 3 1 4 in.) − ( 1 2 )(1.0 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 3 4 in.)( 2) = 4.12 in.2
Agv = (13 1 4 in.)( 3 4 in.)( 2) = 19.8 in.2
Anv = ⎡⎣(13 1 4 in.) − ( 4 1 2 )(1 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 3 4 in.)( 2) = 13.1 in.2
( )
Fu Ant = ( 58 ksi) 4.12 in.2 = 239 kips
( )
0.60 Fy Agv = 0.60 ( 36 ksi) 19.9 in.2 = 430 kips controls
( )
0.60 Fu Anv = 0.6 ( 58 ksi) 13.1 in.2 = 457 kips
IIC-32
LRFD ASD
/Ω =
( 239 kips + 430 kips)
φRn = 0.75 ( 239 kips + 430 kips ) Rn
2.00
Eqn. J4-5
Check column flange
By inspection, the 4.16 in. thick column flange has adequate flexural strength, stiffness, and
bearing strength.
Note: When the brace is in compression, the buckling strength of the gusset would have to be
checked, where
LRFD ASD
φRn = φ c Fcr Aw Rn / Ω = Fcr Aw / Ω c
Kl1
In the above equation, φcFcr or Fcr/Ωc may be determined from with Specification Section
r
E3 or J4.4, where l1 is the perpendicular distance from the Whitmore section to the interior
l +l +l
edge of the gusset. Alternatively, the average value of l = 1 2 3 may be substituted, where
3
these quantities are illustrated in the figure. Note that, for this example l2 is negative since part
of the Whitmore section is in the beam web.
The effective length factor K has been established as 0.5 by full scale tests on bracing
connections (Gross, 1990). It assumes that the gusset is supported on both edges. In cases
where the gusset is supported on one edge only, such as illustrated in Example 3, Figure (d),
the brace can more readily move out-of-plane and a sidesway mode of buckling can occur in
the gusset. For this case, K should be taken as 1.2.
Check gusset buckling
The area of the Whitmore section is
⎛ 50 ksi ⎞
Aw = ( 30.9 in.)( 3 4 in.) + ( 3.90 in.)( 0.590 in.) ⎜ = 26.4 in.2
⎝ 36 ksi ⎟⎠
In the above equation, the area in the beam web is multiplied by the ratio 50/36 to convert the
area to an equivalent area of A36 plate.
The slenderness ratio is

Kl1 0.5 (17.0 in.)
=
( 12 ) = 39.3
r 3 in.
4
From Specification Section E3
π2 E π 2 ( 29000 ksi )
Fe = 2
= = 185
⎛ Kl ⎞ 39.32
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
r
IIC-33
E 29000 ksi
Check 4.71 = 4.71 = 134
Fy 36 ksi
⎡ Fy
⎤ ⎡ 36 ksi
⎤
The buckling stress is given by Fcr = ⎢ 0.658 Fe ⎥ Fy = ⎢ 0.658185 ksi ⎥ ( 36 ksi) = 33.2 ksi
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎣ ⎦
The required stress is
LRFD ASD
675 kips 450 kips
f ua = = 25.6 ksi f aa = = 17.0 ksi
26.4 in.2 26.4 in.2
The available stress is The available stress is
33.2 ksi
Fcr / Ω =
φFcr = 0.90 ( 33.2 ksi) 1.67
= 29.9 ksi > 25.6 ksi o.k. = 19.9 ksi > 17.0 ksi o.k.
IIC-34
Example II.C-3 Bracing Connection
Given:
Each of the four designs shown for the diagonal bracing connection between the W14×68
brace, W24×55 beam, and W14×211 column web have been developed using the Uniform
Force Method (the General Case and Special Cases 1, 2, and 3) for the load case of 1.2D +
1.3W for LRFD and D + W for ASD.
For the given values of α and β, determine the interface forces on the gusset-to-column and
gusset-to-beam connections for
a. General Case of Figure (a)

b. Special Case 1 of Figure (b)
c. Special Case 2 of Figure (c)
d. Special Case 3 of Figure (d)
Brace Axial Load Pu = |195 kips Pa = |130 kips

Beam End Reaction Ru = 44 kips Ra = 29 kips
Beam Axial Load Au = 26 kips Aa = 17 kips
IIC-35
Brace W14×68 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Beam W24×55 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Tables 2-3
IIC-36
Brace W14×68 A=20.0 in.2 d=14.0 in. tw=0.415 in. bf=10.0 in. tf=0.720 in. Manual
Beam W24×55 d=23.6 in. tw=0.395 in. bf=7.01 in. tf=0.505 in. k=1.11 Table 1-1
Column W14×211 d=15.7 in. tw=0.980 in. bf=15.8 in. tf=1.56 in.
Solution A (General Case):
Assume β = β = 3 in.
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞
α = eb tan θ − ec + β tan θ = (11.8 in.) ⎜ ⎟ − 0 + ( 3 in.) ⎜ = 16.1 in.
⎝ 11 16 ⎠
1 ⎝ 11 116 ⎟⎠
Since α ≠ α, an eccentricity exists on the gusset-to-beam connection.
Calculate the interface forces
r= (α + ec ) 2 + (β + eb ) 2 = (16.1 in. + 0 in.) 2 + ( 3 in. + 11.8 in.) 2 = 21.9 in.
LRFD ASD
β 3 in. β 3 in.
Vuc = Pu = (195 kips) = 26.7 kips Vac = Pa = (130 kips) = 17.8 kips
r 21.9 in. r 21.9 in.
ec ec
H uc = Pu = 0 kips H ac = Pa = 0 kips
r r
LRFD ASD
α 16.1 in. α 16.1 in.
H ub = Pu = (195 kips) = 143 kips H ab = Pa = (130 kips) = 95.6 kips
r 21.9 in. r 21.9 in.
eb 11.8 in. eb 11.8 in.

Vub = Pu = (195 kips) = 105 kips Vab = Pa = (130 kips) = 70.0 kips
r 21.9 in. r 21.9 in.
(
M ub = Vub α − α ) (
M ab = Vab α − α )
=
(105 kips)(15 3 4 in. − 16.1 in.)
=
( 70.0 kips)(15 3 4 in. − 16.1 in.)
12 in./ft 12 in./ft
= -3.06 kip-ft = -2.04 kip-ft
In this case, this small moment is negligible.
On the beam-to-column connection, the shear is

LRFD ASD
Rub + Vub = 44 kips + 105 kips = 149 kips Rab + Vab = 29 kips + 70 kips = 99 kips
IIC-37
and the axial force is

LRFD ASD
Aub + Huc = 26 kips | 0 kips = 26 kips Aab + Hac = 17 kips | 0 kips = 17 kips
For a discussion of the sign use between Aub and Huc (Aab an Hac for ASD), refer to AISC
(1992).
Solution B (Special Case 1):
In this case, the centroidal positions of the gusset-edge connections are irrelevant; α and β are
given to define the geometry of the connection, but are not needed to determine the gusset edge
forces.
The angle of the brace from the vertical is
⎛ 12 ⎞
θ = tan -1 ⎜ = 49.8°
⎝ 10 18 ⎟⎠
The horizontal and vertical components of the brace force are
LRFD ASD
H u = Pu sin θ = (195 kips) sin 49.8° = 149 kips H a = Pa sin θ = (130 kips) sin 49.8° = 99.3 kips
Vu = Pu cos θ = (195 kips) cos 49.8° = 126 kips Va = Pa cos θ = (130 kips) cos 49.8° = 83.9 kips

LRFD ASD
Vuc = Vu = 126 kips Vac = Va = 83.9 kips
H uc = 0 kips H ac = 0 kips

LRFD ASD
Vub = 0 kips Vab = 0 kips
H ub = H u = 149 kips H ab = H a = 99.3 kips
On the beam-to-column connection

LRFD ASD
Rub = 44 kips (shear) Rab = 29 kips (shear)
Aub = 26 kips (axial transfer force) Aab = 17 kips (axial transfer force)
In addition to the forces on the connection interfaces, the beam is subjected to a moment Mub
or or Mab, where
LRFD ASD
M ub = H ub eb =
(149 kips)(11.8 in.) M ab = H ab eb =
( 99.3 kips)(11.8 in.)
12 in./ft 12 in./ft
= 147 kip-ft = 97.6 kip-ft

IIC-38
This moment, as well as the beam axial load Hub = 149 kips or Hab = 99.3 kips and the
moment and shear in the beam associated with the end reaction Rub or Rab, must be considered
in the design of the beam.
Solution C (Special Case 2):
Assume β = β = 10 1 2 in.
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞
α = eb tan θ − ec + β tan θ = (11.8 in.) ⎜ − 0 + (10 1 2 in.) ⎜ = 24.2 in.
⎝ 11 116 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 11 116 ⎟⎠
Calculate the interface forces for the general case before applying Special Case 2.
r= (α + ec ) 2 + (β + eb ) 2 = ( 24.2 in. + 0 in.) 2 + (10 1 2 in. + 11.8 in.) = 32.9 in.

2
LRFD ASD
β 10 1 2 in. β 10 12 in.
Vuc = Pu = (195 kips) = 62.2 kips Vac = Pa = (130 kips) = 41.5 kips
r 32.9 in. r 32.9 in.
ec ec
H uc = Pu = 0 kips H ac = Pa = 0 kips
r r
LRFD ASD
α 24.2 in. α 24.2 in.
r 32.9 in. r 32.9 in.
eb 11.8 in. eb 11.8 in.

Vub = Pu = (195 kips) = 69.9 kips Vab = Pa = (130 kips) = 46.6 kips
r 32.9 in. r 32.9 in.

LRFD ASD
Rub + Vub = 44 kips + 69.9 kips = 114 kips Rab + Vab = 29 kips + 46.6 kips = 75.6 kips

LRFD ASD
Next, applying Special Case 2 with ∆Vub = Vub = 69.9 kips (∆Vab = Vab = 46.6 kips for ASD),
calculate the interface forces.
IIC-39
On the gusset-to-column connection (where Vuc is replaced by Vuc + ∆Vub) or (where Vac is
replaced by Vac + ∆Vab for ASD)
LRFD ASD
Vuc = 62.2 kips + 69.9 kips = 132 kips Vac = 41.5 kips + 46.6 kips = 88.1 kips
H uc = 0 kips (unchanged) H ac = 0 kips (unchanged)
On the gusset-to-beam connection (where Vub is replaced by Vub - ∆Vub) or (where Vab is
replaced by Vab - ∆Vab)
LRFD ASD
H ub = 143 kips (unchanged) H ab = 95.6 kips (unchanged)
Vub = 69.9 kips − 69.9 kips = 0 kips Vab = 46.6 kips − 46.6 kips = 0 kips
M ub = ( ∆Vub ) α =
( 69.9 kips)( 24.2 in.) M ab = ( ∆Vab ) α =
( 46.6 kips)( 24.2 in.)
12in./ft 12in./ft
= 141 kip-ft = 94.0 kip-ft

LRFD ASD
Rub + ∆Vub - ∆Vub Rab + ∆Vab - ∆Vab
= 44 kips + 69.9 kips - 69.9 kips = 29 kips + 46.6 kips – 46.6 kips
= 44 kips = 29 kips
LRFD ASD
IIC-40
Solution D (Special Case 3):
Set β = β = 0 in.
⎛ 12 ⎞
α = eb tan θ = (11.8 in.) ⎜ = 12.8 in.
⎝ 11 116 ⎟⎠
Since, α ≠ α, an eccentricity exists on the gusset-to-beam connection.
Calculate the interface forces
r = α 2 + eb 2 = (12.8 in.) 2 + (11.8 in.) 2 = 17.4 in.
LRFD ASD
α 12.8 in. α 12.8 in.
r 17.4 in. r 17.4 in.
eb 11.8 in. eb 11.8 in.

Vub = Pu = (195 kips) = 132 kips Vab = Pa = (130 kips) = 88.2 kips
r 17.4 in. r 17.4 in.
(
M ub = Vub α − α ) (
M ab = Vab α − α )
=
(132 kips)(12.8 in. − 13 12 in.)
=
(88.2 kips)(12.8 in. − 13 12 in.)
12 in./ft 12 in./ft
= -7.70 kip-ft = -5.15 kip-ft
In this case, this small moment is negligible.
LRFD ASD
Rub + Vub = 44 kips + 132 kips = 176 kips Rab + Vab = 29 kips + 88.2 kips = 117 kips
And the axial force is
LRFD ASD
Note: From the foregoing results, designs by Special Case 3 and the General Case of the
Uniform Force Method provide the more economical designs. Additionally, note that designs
by Special Case 1 and Special Case 2 result in moments on the beam and/ or column that must
be considered.
IIC-41
Example II.C-4 Truss Support Connection
Given:
Determine the requirements for the following cases:
a. Joint L1
b. Joint U1
RD = 18.5 kips
RL = 55.5 kips
Use E70 electrodes.
Top Chord WT8×38.5 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Bottom Chord WT8×28.5 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Tables 2-3
Diagonal U0L1 2L4×32×a ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi and 2-4
Web U1L1 2L32×3×c ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Diagonal U1L2 2L32×22×c ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
IIC-42
Top Chord WT8×38.5 tw = 0.455 in.

Bottom Chord WT8×28.5 tw = 0.430 in. d = 8.22 in. Manual
Diagonal U0L1 2L4×32×a A = 5.35 in.2 y = 1.20 in. Tables 1-8
and 1-15
Web U1L1 2L32×3×c A = 3.91 in.2
Diagonal U1L2 2L32×22×c A = 3.58 in.2
LRFD ASD
Web U1L1 load Web U1L1 load
Ru = -108 kips Ra = -72 kips
Diagonal U0L1 load Diagonal U0L1 load
Ru = +165 kips Ra = +110 kips
Diagonal U1L2 load Diagonal U1L2 load
Ru = +114 kips Ra = +76 kips
Solution a:
Check shear yielding of bottom chord tee stem (on Section A-A)
Rn = 0.6 Fy Aw = 0.6 ( 50 ksi)( 8.22 in.)( 0.430 in.) = 106 kips Eqn. J4-3
LRFD ASD
106 kips
Rn / Ω = = 70.7 kips
φRn = 1.00 (106 kips) = 106 kips 1.50
106 kips < 108 kips n.g. 70.7 kips < 72 kips n.g.
Additional shear area must be provided.
Try PLv in.×4 in. complete-joint-penetration groove welded to the stem of the WT.
Rn = 0.6 ( 36 ksi )( 4 in.)( 7 16 in.) = 37.8 kips
LRFD ASD
37.8 kips
Rn / Ω = 70.7 kips + = 95.9 kips
φRn = 106 kips + 1.00 ( 37.8 kips ) = 144 kips 1.50
144 kips > 108 kips o.k. 95.9 kips > 72 kips o.k.
Design welds for member U1L1
User Note: Specification Section J1.7 requiring that the center of gravity of the weld group
coincide with the center of gravity of the member does not apply to end connections of Section J1.7
statically loaded single angle, double angle and similar members.
IIC-43
The minimum weld size is wmin = 3

16 in.
Table J2.4
The maximum weld size is wmax = thickness - 1
16 in. = 1
4 in.
Calculate the minimum length of x-in. fillet weld.
LRFD ASD
Lmin = = Lmin = =
1.392 D 1.392 ( 3 sixteenths) 0.928D 0.928 ( 3 sixteenths)
= 25.9 in. = 25.9 in.
Use 62 in. of x-in. weld at the heel and toe of both angles for a total of 26 in.

Table J2.4
16 in.
The maximum weld size is wmax = thickness - 1

16 in. = 5
16 in.
Calculate the minimum length of x in. fillet weld.
LRFD ASD
Lmin = = Lmin = =
= 39.5 in. = 39.5 in.
Use 10 in. of x in. weld at the heel and toe of both angles for a total of 40 in.
Check tension yielding of diagonal U0L1
( )
Rn = Fy Ag = ( 36 ksi ) 5.35 in.2 = 193 kips Eqn. J4-1
LRFD ASD
193 kips
Rn / Ω = = 115 kips
φRn = 0.90 (193 kips) = 173 kips 1.67
173 kips > 165 kips o.k. 115 kips > 110 kips o.k.
Check tension rupture of diagonal U0L1
x 1.20 in. Table D3.1

U = 1− = 1− = 0.880 Case 2
l 10 in.
( )
Rn = Fu Ae = ( 58 ksi)( 0.880) 5.35 in.2 = 273 kips Eqn. J4-2
LRFD ASD
φRn = 0.75 ( 273 kips) = 205 kips 273 kips
Rn / Ω = = 137 kips
2.00
IIC-44
Solution b:
Check shear yielding of top chord tee stem (on Section B-B)
Rn = 0.6 Fy Aw = 0.6 ( 50 ksi)( 8.26 in.)( 0.455 in.) = 113 kips Eqn. J4-3
LRFD ASD
φRn = 1.00 (113 kips) = 113 kips 113 kips
Rn / Ω = = 75.3 kips
1.50
113 kips > 78 kips o.k.
75.3 kips > 52 kips o.k.
As calculated previously in Solution a, use 62 in. of x-in. weld at the heel and toe of both
angles for a total of 26 in.

16 in.
Table J2.4
The maximum weld size is wmax = 1
4 in.
Calculate the minimum length of 4 in. fillet weld.
LRFD ASD
Lmin = = Lmin = =
= 20.5 in. = 20.5 in.
Use 72 in. of 4-in. fillet weld at the heel and 4 in. of fillet weld at the toe of each angle for a
total of 23 in.
Check tension yielding of diagonal U1L2
( )
Rn = Fy Ag = ( 36 ksi) 3.58 in.2 = 129 kips Eqn. J4-1
LRFD ASD
129 kips
Rn / Ω = = 77.2 kips
φRn = 0.90 (129 kips) = 116 kips 1.67
Check tension rupture of diagonal U1L2
x 1.13 in.
U = 1− = 1− = 0.803 Table D3.1
l ⎛ 7 2 in. + 4 in.⎞
1
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ Case 2
2
(
Rn = Fu Ae = ( 58 ksi)( 0.803) 3.58 in.2 = 167 kips) Eqn. J4-2
IIC-45
LRFD ASD
167 kips
Rn / Ω = = 83.4 kips
φRn = 0.75 (167 kips) = 125 kips 2.00
Check block shear rupture
Because the cut end of the angle, the block shear rupture model presented in Part 9 does not
directly apply. Conservatively, the block shear rupture strength will be based on the shear
rupture strength of the WT stem along the length of the welds.
Rn = 0.6 Fu Aw = 0.6 ( 65 ksi)( 7 1 2 in. + 4 in.)( 0.455 in.) = 204 kips Eqn. J4-4
LRFD ASD
φRn = 0.75 ( 204 kips) = 153 kips 204 kips
Rn / Ω = = 102 kips
2.00
IIC-46
Example II.C-5 HSS Chevron Brace Connection
Given:
The loads shown are actual loads from the bottom chevron from the example problem at the
back of the book. The beam above has been design to carry its load with out the chevron, and
the end connections have been design to all vertical and horizontal loads required. Check the
HSS braces for tension and compression and design the connection including welding, shear
lag requirements and check to see if stiffening is required.
Use E70 electrodes.
Beam W18×35 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual
Brace HSS6×6×2 Fy = 46 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Tables 2-3
Gusset Plate Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi and 2-4
Geometric Properties: Manual

Beam W18×35 d = 17.7 in. tw = 0.300 in. kdes. = 0.827 in. Tables 1-1
Brace HSS6×6×2 H = 6 in. B = 6 in. A = 9.74 in. t = 0.465 in. and 1-12
Solution:
Determine required brace-to-gusset weld size
Since the brace loads are axial, the angle between the longitudinal brace axis and line of force
is θ w = 0° .
( ) ( )
FW = 0.60 FEXX 1 + 0.5sin1.5 θ w = 0.60 ( 70 ksi ) 1 + 0.5sin1.5 0° = 42 ksi
IIC-47
LRFD ASD
Pu Pa Ω
Wwreq ' d = + 116 in. Wwreq ' d = + 116 in.
φ4 Fw ( 0.707) Lw 4 Fw ( 0.707) Lw
=
158 kips
+ 1 in. =
(105 kips)( 2.00) + 116 in.
0.75 ( 4)( 42 ksi )( 0.707 )( 6 in.) ( 4)( 42 ksi)( 0.707)( 6 in.)
16
= 0.296 in.+ z-in. = 0.358 in. = 0.295 in.
Use a-in. fillet weld Use a-in. fillet weld
Note: the z-in. added to the weld size is to account for the slot in HSS
The minimum weld size for this connection is x in. The required weld size is larger therefore,
use a-in. fillet welds. Table J2.4
Determine required gusset plate thickness
We = Ww − 3 8 in.- 116 in. = 5

16 in.
LRFD ASD
φ ( 0.60 FEXX We ) ( 0.707)( 2) Ω ( 0.60 FEXX We ) ( 0.707)( 2)
t1req ' d = t1req ' d =
(
φ 0.60 Fy1 ) (
Ω 0.60 Fy1 )
0.75 ( 0.60)( 70 ksi)( 1 4 in.)( 0.707 )( 2) (1.50)( 0.60)( 70 ksi)( 14 in.)( 0.707)( 2)
= =
1.00 ( 0.60)( 36 ksi ) ( 2.00)( 0.60)( 36 ksi)
= 0.644 in. = 0.644 in.
Use a w-in. gusset plate.
Check gusset plate buckling (compression brace)
t1 3 in.
r= = 4
= 0.217 in.
12 12
From the figure, the distance l1 = 62 in.
Since the gusset is attached by one edge only, the buckling mode could be a sidesway type as
shown in Commentary Table C-C2.2. In this case use K = 1.2.
Kl1 1.2 ( 6 1 2 in.)

= = 36.0
r 0.217 in.
E 29000 ksi
Limiting slenderness ratio 4.71 = 4.71 = 134 > 36.0
Fy 36 ksi
IIC-48
π2 E π 2 ( 29000 ksi)
Fe = = = 221 ksi Eqn. E3-4
⎛ Kl1 ⎞
2
( 36.0) 2
⎜⎝ r ⎟⎠
⎡ Fy
⎤ ⎡ 36 ksi
⎤
Fcr = ⎢ 0.658 Fe ⎥ Fy = ⎢ 0.658 221 ksi ⎥ ( 36 ksi ) = 33.6 ksi
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎣ ⎦ Eqn. E3-2
lw = B + 2 [ (connection length) tan 30°] = 6 in. + 2 ( 6 in.) tan 30° = 12.9 in.
Note: Here, the Whitmore section is assumed to be entirely in the gusset. The Whitmore
section can spread across the joint into adjacent connected material of equal or greater
thickness or adjacent connected material of lesser thickness provided that a rational analysis is
performed. Eqn. E3-1
Aw = lw t1 = (12.9 in.)( 3 4 in.) = 9.675 in.2
(
Pn = Fcr Aw = ( 33.6 ksi) 9.675 in.2 = 325 kips )
LRFD ASD
325 kips
Pn / Ω = = 195 kips
φPn = 0.90 ( 325 kips) = 293 kips 1.67
Check tension yielding of gusset plate (tension brace)
From above, Aw = 8.06 in.2
(
Rn = Fy1 Aw = ( 36 ksi) 9.675 in.2 = 348 kips ) Eqn. J4-1
LRFD ASD
348 kips
Rn / Ω = = 208 kips
φRn = 0.90 ( 348 kips ) = 313 kips 1.67
Check shear strength at brace-to-gusset welds

Table D3.1
Try minimum weld length, Lw = 6 in. Case 6
Effective Area, Ae = 4 Lw t = 4 ( 6 in.)( 0.465 in.) = 11.2 in.2
(
Nominal Shear Strength, Vn = 0.6 Fy Ae = 0.6 ( 46 ksi) 11.2 in.2 = 309 kips ) Eqn. J4-3
LRFD ASD
309 kips
Rn / Ω = = 206 kips
φRn = 1.00 ( 309 kips) = 309 kips 1.50
IIC-49
Check shear lag fracture in HSS brace
B 2 + 2 BH ( 6 in.) + 2 ( 6 in.)( 6 in.)

2
x= = = 2.25 in.
4( B + H ) 4 ( 6 in.+6 in.)
Table D3.1
x 2.25 in. Case 6
U = 1− = 1− = 0.625 in.
Lw 6 in.
An = Ag − 2tt1 = 9.74 − 2 ( 0.9)(0.465 in.)( 3 4 in.+ 18 in. gap) = 9.01 in.2
(
Ae = UAn = 0.625 9.16 in.2 = 5.72 in.2 )
Rn = Fu Ae = ( 58 ksi)( 5.63 in.) = 327 kips Eqn. J4-4
LRFD ASD
327 kips
Rn / Ω = = 164 kips
φRn = 0.75 ( 327 kips) = 245 kips 2.00
Calculate interface forces
Design the gusset-to-beam connection as if each brace were the only brace and locate each
brace’s connection centroid at the ideal centroid locations to avoid inducing a moment on the
gusset-beam interface, similarly to uniform force method special case 3.
d 17.7 in.
eb = = = 8.85 in.
2 2
⎛ 12 ⎞
θ = tan −1 ⎜ = 48°
⎝ 10 1316 ⎟⎠
Let α = α = eb tan θ = ( 8.85 in.) tan 48° = 9.83 in. → Use 10 in.
β = ec = 0
r= (α + ec ) 2 + (β + eb ) 2 = (10 in. + 0) 2 + ( 0 + 8.85 in.) 2 = 13.4 in.
LRFD ASD
αP (10 in.)(158 kips) αP (10 in.)(105 kips)
H ub = u = = 118 kips H ab = a = = 78.6 kips
r 13.4 in. r 13.4 in.
eb Pu ( 8.85 in.)(158 kips) eb Pa ( 8.85 in.)(105 kips)

Vub = = = 105 kips Vab = = = 69.6 kips
r 13.4 in. r 13.4 in.
IIC-50
Determine required gusset-to-beam weld size
The weld length is twice the horizontal distance from the work point to the centroid of the
gusset-to-beam connection, α, for each brace. Therefore, l = 2α = 2 (10 in.) = 20 in.
Since the gusset straddles the work line of each brace, the weld is uniformly loaded. Therefore,
the available strength is the average required strength and the fillet weld should be designed
for 1.25 times the average strength.
LRFD ASD
1.25 Pu 1.25 (158 kips) 1.25 Pa 1.25 (105 kips)
Dreq ' d = = = 3.55 Dreq ' d = = = 3.54
1.392l 1.392 ( 20 in.)( 2) 0.928l 0.928 ( 20 in.)( 2)
The minimum fillet weld size is 4 in. The required weld size is also 4 in., use a 4 in. fillet
weld 40-in. long total. Table J2.4
Check gusset thickness (against weld size required for strength)
6.19 D 6.19 ( 3.55)

tmin = = = 0.379 in. < s in. o.k.
Fu 58 ksi
Check local web yielding of the beam
Rn = ( N + 5k ) Fy tw = ⎡⎣ 20 in. + 5 ( 0.827 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 50 ksi)( 0.300 in.) = 362 kips Eqn. J10-2
LRFD ASD
φRn = 1.00 ( 662 kips ) = 662 kips 662 kips
Rn / Ω = = 441 kips
1.50
158 kips(cos 48°) = 105 kips 105 kips(cos 48°) = 70.2 kips
662 kips > 105 kips o.k. 441 kips > 70.2 kips o.k.
IIC-51
Example II.C-6 Heavy Wide Flange Compression Connection

(flanges on the outside)
Given:
This truss has been designed with nominal 14 in. W-shapes, with the flanges to the outside of
the truss. Beams framing into the top chord and lateral bracing are not shown but can be
assumed to be adequate.
Based on multiple load cases, the critical dead and live load forces for this connection were
determined. A typical top chord connection and the dead load and live load forces are shown
below in detail A. Design this typical connection using 1-in. diameter ASTM A325 slip-
critical bolts in oversized holes with a class-A faying surface.
Note: slip critical bolts in oversized holes were selected for this truss to facilitate field erection.
IIC-52
Beam W-shapes ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Gusset Plates ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Tables 2-3
and 2-4
W14×109 d = 14. 3 in. bf = 14.6 in. tf = 0.860 in. Manual

W14×61 d = 13.9 in. bf = 9.99 in. tf = 0.645 in. Table 1-1
Solution:
Determine the required strength of the member

LRFD ASD
Left top chord: Left top chord:
1.2(262 kips) + 1.6(262 kips) = 734 kips 262 kips + 262 kips = 524 kips
Right top chord: Right top chord:

Vertical: Vertical:
Diagonal: Diagonal:
Determine the single shear strength
dbolt = 1 in. Section J3.8

ASTM A325-SC bolts
Class A faying surface
µ = 0.35 (class A)
dhg = 1.25 in. (diameter of holes at gusset plates)
hsc = 0.85 (oversized and short-slotted holes)
Tb = 51.0 kips Table J3.1
Du = 1.13
Slip prevention up to the required strength level is selected in this case to prevent truss Eqn. J3-4
deflections that could permit a significant ponding condition for which the truss was not
designed.
Rn = µDuhscTb Ns = 0.35(1.13)(0.85)(51.0 kips)(1) = 17.1 kips
LRFD ASD
For connections designed to prevent slip at For connections designed to prevent slip at Section J3.8
the required strength level; the required strength level;
φ = 0.85 Ω = 1.76
φRn = 0.85(17.1 kips) = 14.6 kips/bolt Rn/Ω = 17.1 kips / 1.76 = 9.74 kips/bolt
IIC-53
Diagonal connection
LRFD ASD
Axial force = 316 kips Axial force = 226 kips
316 kips / 14.6 kips/bolt = 21.7 bolts 226 kips / 9.74 kips/bolt = 23.2 bolts
2 rows both sides = 21.7 bolts / 4 = 5.42 2 rows both sides = 23.2 bolts / 4 = 5.80
Therefore use 6 rows @ min. 3 in. spacing Therefore use 6 rows @ min. 3 in. spacing
Check the Whitmore section in the gusset plate (tension only)
Whitmore section = gage of the bolts + tan 300 (length of bolt group) × 2 Manual
Part 9
= ( 5 1 2 in.) + tan 30 0 ⎣⎡( 5 spaces)( 3 in.) ⎦⎤ × 2
= 22.8 in.
Try a in. thick plate
Ag = (0.375 in.)(22.8 in.) = 8.56 in2
LRFD ASD
Check tension yielding Check shear yielding
φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67
φRn = φ FyAg Rn / Ω = FyAg / Ω Eqn. J4-1
= 0.90(36 ksi)(8.56 in2)(2) = (36 ksi)(8.56 in2)(2) / 1.67
Check block shear rupture in plate Check block shear rupture in plate Section J4.3
φ = 0.75 Ω = 2.00
Tension stress is uniform, Tension stress is uniform,
Therefore; Ubs = 1.0 Therefore; Ubs = 1.0
tp = 0.375 in. Try Plate with, tp = 0.375 in.
Agv / in. = (2 rows)[(6 bolts-1)(3 in.) + 2 in.] Agv / in. = (2 rows)[(6 bolts-1)(3 in.) + 2 in.]
= 34.0 in. = 34.0 in.
Anv / in. = 34.0 in. – (2 rows)(6 bolts –0.5) Anv / in. = 34.0 in. – (2 rows)(6 bolts –0.5)
× (1.25 in.+ 0.0625 in.) = 19.6 in × (1.25 in.+ 0.0625 in.) = 19.6 in
Ant / in. = 5.50 in. – (1.25 in. + 0.625 in.) Ant / in. = 5.50 in. – (1.25 in. + 0.625 in.)
= 4.19 in. = 4.19 in.
IIC-54
φRn = φ(0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt) M Rn / Ω = (0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt) / Ω M

Eqn. J4-5
φ(0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt) (0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt) / Ω
φUbs(Fu Ant) / t = 182 kips/in. Ubs(Fu Ant) / (tΩ) = 121 kips/in.
φ(0.6FyAgv) / t = 551 kips/in. (0.6FyAgv) / (tΩ) = 367 kips/in.
φ(0.6FuAnv) / t = 511 kips/in. (0.6FuAnv) / (tΩ) = 340 kips/in.
φRn = (511 kips/in. + 182 kips/in.)(0.375 in.) Rn /Ω = (340 kips/in.+121 kips/in.)(0.355 in.)
= 260 kips = 173 kips
M (551 kips/in. + 182 kips/in.)(0.355 in.) M (367 kips/in.+121 kips/in.)(0.355 in.)
= 275 kips = 183 kips
= 260 kips < 275 kips = 173 kips < 183 kips
260 kips > 316 kips / 2 = 158 kips o.k. 173 kips > 226 kips / 2 = 113 kips o.k.
Check block shear rupture on beam flange Check block shear rupture on beam flange
By inspection, block shear rupture on the By inspection, block shear rupture on the
beam flange will not control. beam flange will not control.
Bolt bearing on plate Bolt bearing on plate
Based on Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; oversized Based on Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; oversized
holes, Fu = 58 ksi holes, Fu = 58 ksi
φrn = ( 91.4 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) rn / Ω = ( 60.9 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.)

Manual
= 34.3 kips > 14.6 kips =22.8 kips > 9.74 kips Table 7-5
Based on Edge Distance = 2 in.; oversized Based on Edge Distance = 2 in.; oversized
φrn = ( 71.8 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) rn / Ω = ( 47.9 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) Manual
Table 7-6
= 26.9 kips > 14.6 kips = 18.0 kips > 9.74 kips
Bolt bearing on flange Bolt bearing on flange
Based on Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; standard Based on Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; standard
φrn = (113 kips/in.)( 0.645 in.) rn / Ω = ( 75.6 kips/in.)( 0.645 ) Manual

= 72.9 kips > 14.6 kips = 48.8 kips > 9.74 kips Table 7-5
Based on Edge Distance = 2 in.; standard Based on Edge Distance = 2 in.; standard
IIC-55
Table 7-6
Horizontal connection
LRFD ASD
Axial force = 966 kips – 734 kips = 232 kips Axial force = 690 kips – 524 kips = 166 kips
232 kips / 14.6 kips/bolt = 15.9 bolts 166 kips / 9.74 kips/bolt = 17.0 bolts Section J3.5
Use 6 bolts per row Use 6 bolts per row
Check shear in plate Check shear in plate

Section J4.3
φ = 0.75 Ω = 2.00
Try Plate with, tp = 0.375 in. Try Plate with, tp = 0.375 in.
Agv / tp = (1 row)(6 bolts -1)(6 in.) + 4 in. Agv / tp = (1 row)(6 bolts -1)(6 in.) + 4 in.
= 34.0 in. = 34.0 in.
Anv / tp = 34.0 in. – (1 row)(6 bolts) Anv / tp = 34.0 in. – (1 row (6 bolts – 0.5)
× (1.25 in.+ 0.0625 in.) = 26.1 in × (1.25 in.+ 0.0625 in.) = 26.8 in
Check shear yielding Check shear yielding

Eqn. J4-3
φ = 1.00 Ω = 1.50
Rn / Ω = (0.6FyAg) / Ω = 184 kips

φRn = φ(0.6FyAg) = 275 kips
Check shear rupture

Check shear rupture
φ = 0.75
Ω = 2.00
φRn = φ(0.6FuAnv) = 256 kips Rn / Ω = (0.6FuAnv) / Ω = 170 kips

Eqn. J4-4
256 kips > 232 kips / 2 = 116 kips o.k. 170 kips > 166 kips / 2 = 83.0 kips o.k.
IIC-56
Based on Bolt Spacing = 6 in.; oversized Based on Bolt Spacing = 6 in.; oversized
Manual
φrn = (104 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) rn / Ω = ( 69.9 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) Table 7-5
= 39.0 kips > 14.6 kips =26.1 kips > 9.74 kips
Manual
φrn = ( 71.8 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) rn / Ω = ( 47.9 kips/in.)( 0.375 in.) Table 7-6
Based on Bolt Spacing = 6 in.; standard Based on Bolt Spacing = 6 in.; standard
Manual
φrn = (117 kips/in.)( 0.860 in.) rn / Ω = ( 78.0 kips/in.)( 0.860 )
Table 7-5
= 101 kips > 14.6 kips = 67.0 kips > 9.74 kips
Based on edge distance = 2 in.; standard Based on edge distance = 2 in.; standard
Table 7-6
Vertical connection
LRFD ASD
Axial force = 286 kips Axial force = 204 kips
286 kips / 14.6 kips/bolt = 19.6 bolts 204 kips / 9.74 kips/bolt = 20.9 bolts
Therefore use 5 rows Therefore use 6 rows
Check shear in plate Check shear in plate Specification

Section J4.3
Try Plate with, tp = 0.375 in. Try Plate with, tp = 0.375 in.
Agv / tp = 33 w in. (from sketch) Agv / tp = 33 w in. (from sketch)
Anv / tp = 33 w in. – (1 row)(7 bolts) Anv / tp = 33 w in. – (1 row)(7 bolts)

× (1.25 in. + 0.0625 in.) = 24.6 in × (1.25 in. + 0.0625 in.) = 24.6 in
Check shear yielding Check shear yielding
φ = 1.00 Ω = 1.50
φRn = φ(0.6FyAg) = 273 kips Rn / Ω = (0.6FyAg) / Ω = 182 kips Eqn. J4-3
IIC-57
Check shear rupture Check shear rupture
Where φ = 0.75 Where Ω = 2.00
φRn = φ(0.6FuAnv) = 240 kips Rn / Ω = (0.6FuAnv) / Ω = 160 kips

Eqn. J4-4
240 kips > 286 kips / 2 = 143 kips o.k. 160 kips > 204 kips / 2 = 102 kips o.k.
Conservatively based on Conservatively based on

Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; oversized holes, Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; oversized holes,
Table 7-5
holes, holes,
= 18.0 kips > 9.74 kips Table 7-6
= 26.9 kips > 14.6 kips
Conservatively based on Conservatively based on

Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; standard holes, Bolt Spacing = 3 in.; standard holes,
Manual
φrn = (104 kips/in.)( 0.645 in.) rn / Ω = ( 75.6 kips/in.)( 0.645 ) Table 7-5
Based on edge distance = 2 in.; standard Based on edge distance = 2 in.; standard
holes, holes,
Table 7-6
Bolt Shear Strength Bolt Shear Strength
Based on ASTM A325-N; single shear Based on ASTM A325-N; single shear
Manual
φrn = 28.3 kips > 14.6 kips rn / Ω = 18.8 kips > 9.74 kips Table 7-1
IIC-58
Note: The final layout for the connection is as follows:
Note that because the difference in depths between the top chord and the vertical and diagonal
members, x in. loose shims are required on each side of the shallower members.

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IIC-1

The design of bracing and truss connections is covered in

Example II.C-1 Truss Support Connection

a. the connection requirements between gusset and column,

Material Properties: Manual

Ru = 174 kips Ra = 116 kips

Truss end reaction Truss end reaction

Ru = 1.2 (18.5) + 1.6 ( 55.5) = 111 kips Ra = 18.5 + 55.5 = 74 kips

Top chord axial load Top chord axial load

Ru = 140 kips Ra = 93 kips

Design the weld connecting the diagonal to the gusset

Determine minimum gusset thickness based on weld size

For two 4-in. fillet welds,

Ru 111 kips Ru 74 kips Manual

Ru 111 kips Ra 74 kips

n’ = number of bolts above the neutral axis = 4 bolts

Check the clip angles

Check prying action.

Note: 14 in. entering and tightening clearance accommodated, o.k.

a = 4 in. − 2 in. ≤ 1.25b (for calculation purposes)

= 2 in. < 1.25 (1.69 in.) = 2.11 in. o.k.

b ' 1.25 in.

= 1.01 in. = 1.01 in.

Since α ' > 1, use α ' = 1.0

Check block shear rupture of the clip angles

Check bearing and tearout

Lc = 1 1 2 in. − 1 2 ( 15 16 in.) = 1.03 in.

The bearing/ tearout capacity of the top bolt is as follows:

= 33.6 kips/bolt = 22.4 kips/bolt

= 57.1 kips/bolt = 38.1 kips/bolt

φRn = ( 33.6 kips)( 2 bolts) + Rn / Ω = ( 22.4 kips)( 2 bolts) +

( 57.1 kips)( 8 bolts) ( 38.1 kips)( 8 bolts)

Design clip angle-to-gusset connection

l = 15.0 in. Manual

With θ = 0°, by interpolation x = 0.030 and

⎡10.1 in. − 0.030 (15.0 in.) ⎤⎦

Use 4-in. fillet welds. Use 4-in. fillet welds.

Design chord extension plate

Check tension yielding on the Whitmore section

Lw = 4 in. + 2 ( 8 in.) tan 30° = 13.2 in.

Check block shear rupture of the clip angles

Assume uniform tension stress, use Ubs = 1.0

Net area subject to shear, Anv = Agv = 8.0 in.2

Net area subject to tension, Anv = ( 4 in.)( 1 2 in.) = 2.0 in.2

( 58 ksi) ( 2.0 in.2 )

Example II.C-2 Bracing Connection

Brace Axial Load Tu = 675 kips Ta = 450 kips

Brace W12×87 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Distribute brace force in proportion to web and flange areas.

Design brace-flange-to-gusset connection.

Check tension rupture of the angles

Check block shear rupture of the angles.

Use n = 6, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 12 in.

Tension Rupture Component Tension Rupture Component Manual

Shear Yielding Component Shear Yielding Component Manual

Shear Rupture Component Shear Rupture Component Manual

Design brace-web-to-gusset connection

Check tension rupture of the plates

Take Ae as the lesser of An and 0.85Ag,

Check block shear rupture of the plates (outer blocks).

Tension Rupture Component Tension Rupture Component Manual

Shear Yielding Component Shear Yielding Component Manual

Check block shear rupture of the brace web.