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General column design C13

General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W2.1.01 - 08 Dec 2004)

BS8110 - 1997
Y
Design code : BS8110 - 1997
1000
General design parameters:
Given:
Lo = 37.500 m
fcu = 30 MPa X X
0
fy = 500 MPa
Ac = 3129319 mm²
-1000
Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.

-1000
(2) The specified design axial loads include

1000
Y

0
the self-weight of the column.
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant
over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.
(7) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(8) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the lowest
safety factor about the design axis

Through inspection:
Load case 2 (UPLIFT) is critical.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is unbraced.
ß = 1.00 Table 3.19

Effective column height:

le = ß⋅ Lo = 37.500 m

Check if the column is slender: 3.8.1.3

le/h = 21.7 > 10
∴ The column is slender.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 4931.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2

∴ Mi = 0.4M1 + 0.6M2 ≥ 0.4M2 = -2958.6 kNm
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The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2

∴ Mi = 0.4M1 + 0.6M2 ≥ 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

Deflection induced moments: 3.8.3.1

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:
Nuz = 0.45⋅ fcu⋅ Ac + 0.95⋅ fy⋅ Asc = 54370.4 kN

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable compression stress in steel, fsc = 0.95⋅ fy = 475.0 MPa
Allowable tensile stress in steel, fst = 0.95⋅ fy = 475.0 MPa
Allowable tensile strain in steel, ey = fst/Es = 0.0024 m/m
Allowable compressive strain in concrete, ec = 0.0035 m/m

For bending about the weakest axis:

Weakest axis lies at an angle of 180.00° to the X-X axis
Overall dimension perpendicular to weakest axis h = 2005mm
Balanced neutral axis depth, xb = ec/(ec+es)⋅ (h-dc) =1126.0 mm
Nbal = 0.44⋅ b⋅ fcu⋅ xbal + ∑(Ast⋅ fs + Asc⋅ fsd) = 22668.3 kN
K = (Nuz - N) / (Nuz - Nbal) = 1.000≤ 1.0
ßa = (1/2000)⋅ (le/h)² = 0.235
∴ Madd = N⋅ ßa⋅ K⋅ h = 1731.4 kNm
∴ Mxadd = 1731.4 kNm
∴ Myadd = 0.0 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = -3675.0 kN

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) M2 + Madd = -6662.4 kNm
(b) emin⋅ N = -73.5 kNm
∴ Mx = 6662.4 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=6662.4 kNm
Mxtop=0.0 kNm Mxadd=1731.4 kNm Mxmin=-73.5 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=4931.0 kNm Mxadd=1731.4 kNm

Initial Additional Design

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For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) M2 + Madd = 0.0 kNm
(b) emin⋅ N = 0.0 kNm
∴ My = 0.0 kNm

Check for miminum eccentricity: 3.8.2.4

Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
Use emin = 20mm
∴ Mmin = -73.5 kNm about the X-X axis.

Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the bottom end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 2 lies at an angle of 180.00° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 2 is 1.03

For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram
Moment max = 15E3kNm @ 18E3kN

50E3
45E3
40E3
35E3
30E3
Axial load (kN)

25E3
20E3
15E3
10E3
-16E3

-14E3

-12E3

-10E3

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

10E3

12E3

14E3

16E3
2000

4000

6000

8000
0.00

5000
6662 kNm

-3675 kN
-5000
-10E3
Bending moment (kNm)
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Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:
At the top, Mx = 1731.4 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 2958.6 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 6662.4 kNm

Stresses at the bottom end of the column for the critical load case 2

BS8110 - 1997
Y

1000

180.0°
X
D D
X
0

-1000
-1000

1000

Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:

Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X 0.0 -4931.0 -2958.6 0.0 7622.3

COMP Y-Y 5700.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottom 0.0 7622.3 1.791

Load case 2 X-X 0.0 -4931.0 -2958.6 1731.4 6662.4

UPLIFT Y-Y -3675.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottom 0.0 6662.4 1.027

Load case 2 (UPLIFT) is critical.