Introduction

The technique of fitting parts together after fabrication or manufacturing the parts is called
assembly work. This tools are necessary to cutting, non-cutting, measuring, marking. In addition,
the machinist must also know the various types of tools available to do a particular job, how to
select the best type and the size for a given job and how to care for and store tools when not in use.
In the construction trade, it is important to not only know how to use hand tools but to learn how
to maintain them and use them safely. Never use a tool that is in poor condition, worn, or damaged.
Always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when using a tool. This module
will highlight the most commonly used hand tools in the construction industry.
Objectives
Upon completion of this module, students will be able to:
1) Recognize and identify some of the basic hand tools and their proper uses in the construction
trade.
2) Visually inspect hand tools to determine if they are safe to use.
3) Safely use hand tools.

Module 1: Hammers
Bal peen hammer
A ball peen hammer is a type of hammer, commonly referred to as a machinist's or engineer's
hammer, is a type of surface hardening hammer. It has two ends, one that is shaped like a regular
hammer head and the other shaped like a ball. Its handle is like any hammer and varies in
materials ranging from metal, wood and fiberglass. Ball peen hammers come in various weights.
The head of the ball peen hammer is usually harder than that of a claw hammer to prevent
breaking and chipping on contact. It is a non-cutting tool. It is the tool of choice in forming the
general shape of the material in fabricating metal. Check that the handle is set securely in the
head of the hammer. Periodically clean the face of the hammer. Avoid hitting with the side of
the hammer head. Do not use hammers with damaged heads. Do not strike two hammer heads
together

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Uses
1) It is used for metalworking.
2) This hammer is commonly used with a chisel or punch.
3) It is used with cold chisels for riverting, center-punching & forming unhardened.
4) In the past the peening hammer was used for the manufacture of swords and knife
blades.
Claw Hammer
A claw hammer is a type of hammer used mainly for pounding nails into, or
extracting nails from, wood. Claw hammers usually weigh in the range 16 to 25
ounces. The head is made of steel and the handle of wood, fiberglass, or steel. One
side of the head is flat with either a smooth or textured surface. When purchasing be
aware that higher-priced hammers will tend to have sturdier handles and better steel
in their heads. Choose tools made from dropped forged over cast metal, especially
in the case of striking tools such as hammers .

Uses
1) The head of the hammer is used to drive nails and wedges.
2) The claw is used to pull nails out of a material.
3) It is used for general carpentry, household chores.
4) It is used only with non-hardened, common or finishing nails.
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Soft Hammer
A soft-faced hammer is a hammer designed to offer driving force without damaging surfaces.
Soft-faced hammers have replaceable faces made of plastics, nylon, rubber, copper, or aluminum.
A soft hammer is a special hammer that uses a soft compound for the hammer head area. This head
is typically made from plastic or rubber and is designed to hit soft material without leaving any
marks or dents. Some of the first hammers every created were made from rock or stone. Soft
hammers were introduced as a tool to provide gentle impact without breaking. A rubber mallet is an
example of a soft hammer.

Uses
1) This type of hammer is typically used for sheet metal and aluminum fabrication manufacturing.
2) It is also used for installing hub caps on automobiles.
3) This hammer is also often used in jewelry design and rock geology.
4) These hammers were connected to sticks and typically were used to crush food and make shelter.

Chipping hammer
A chipping hammer is a cutting tool. Flatland Forge Clipping Hammers. These perfectly balanced
hammers are made from 4140 alloy steel hardened on the striking surface of the hammer, the body
of the hammer is slightly softer, which absorbs some of the vibration. It looks something like a
pick axe, but with a blunt, rounded end on one end, and a flat face on the other.

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Uses
1) These hammers are used to remove welding spatter in all other welding processes
2) Chipping hammers are used to remove slag when standard arc welding has been used to weld
two objects together.
3) Chipping hammers are used by carefully striking a weld so that the slag shatters

Module 2: Screwdriver
Flat head screwdriver:
A slotted screwdriver (commonly referred to as a flat head) is designed to sit in a slot in a screw
head and drive (tighten or loosen) the screw. A flat head screwdriver is a screwdriver with a flat-
bladed end, used to tighten or loosen screws with a linear notch in the top. This screw drivers
primary function is to drive slotted head screws. The other thing they are good for is acting as
small pry bars. But be careful, that is not their intention and under pressure they will snap
surprisingly easily.. It's the most common tool on the planet, the ubiquitous flat head screwdriver.
Every junk drawer has one or two in it.

Uses
1) It is used to tighten or loosen screws that have a straight, linear notch in their heads.
2) It is used wood-working or other applications that would not require a power tool.

Phillips head screwdriver

Phillips screw heads allow a tighter fit than a flat head screw, which is why most factories and
handymen use them. The screws tend to be lightweight, relatively small and looks like a cross.

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Uses
1) It is used to requires that the screwdriver's tip engage the head of a screw of the same size and
type designation as the screwdriver tip
2) It is used on automated production lines that use powered screwdrivers.

Offset screwdrivers
Introduction
Offset screwdriver is a screwdriver with the blade at right angles to the shaft. If the screwdriver tends to
stand up unassisted when the point is put in the head of a vertical screw, it is probably the proper one.

Uses
1) It use where a straight screwdriver cannot reach the screwhead.
2) It is used to turn screws where there is too little space for a conventional screwdriver.

Module 3: Hand wrench

Open end wrench:
The open-end wrench may have rectangular slots on one or both ends. Both ends generally fit the
same size of bolt. In their earliest forms, such wrenches, with straight, angled, or S-shaped handles,
were made of wrought iron. A wrench is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in
applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners.

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Uses
1) A wrench that is used for gripping the nuts on the ends of tubes.
2) It is usedIdentify the nut or bolt you want to tighten

Adjustable wrench:
A wrench similar to an open end wrench but having one fixed jaw and one adjustable jaw. An
adjustable wrench is larger than a fixed open-end or box-end wrench, but one adjustable alone can
do the work of a number of fixed wrenches. Adjustable wrenches are designed to provide a wide
range of capacity in a single tool and are a convenient service wrench for repairmen, linemen, etc.

Uses
1) It is userd for tightening of coaxial connectors and casters, car and bike maintenance.
2) It is used for tightening the tap and pipe

Pipe wrench:
Pipe wrench is an adjustable wrench. Pipe Wrench is a tool from the Flaxbeard's Steam Power. A
tool having two toothed jaws, one fixed and the other free to grip pipes and other tubular objects
when the tool is turned in one direction on. The design is popular with plumbers and engineers the
world over and has a well deserved reputation for being able to shift the most stubborn of fittings.
Drop-forged hook and a pressed-steel frame with forged wedge construction.

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Uses
1) It is used for turning soft iron pipes and fittings with a rounded surface.
2) It is used to alter and manipulate the various gadgets and devices from the mod

Socket wrench:
Introduction
A socket wrench is most commonly a handle with a 90 degree ratchet, along with a set of cylinder
shaped “sockets” of various sizes. A socket wrench is one of the most basic tools in any tool box.
It can make connections between two pieces of wood or metal. A socket wrench is most commonly
a handle with a 90 degree ratchet, along with a set of cylinder shaped “sockets” of various sizes.

Uses
1) These are used to tighten and loosen nuts and bolts
2) It can use to make connections between two pieces of wood or metal

Module 4: Clamp
A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement
or separation through the application of inward pressure. Sometimes called a clamp stand or a ring
stand, is a piece of scientific equipment, clamps can be attached to hold other pieces of equipment.
There are different types of clamp.

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Uses
1) It is used for carpentry, woodworking, furniture making, welding, construction and metal
working.

2) It is especially for holding edges when gluing.

Module 5: Plier
Combination plier:
The handles of combination pliers will usually have a plastic coating, for added comfort and grip.
Combination pliers are multi-purpose pliers. Combination pliers are heavy-duty, side-cutting
pliers, also known as lineman pliers or side cutters which are designed for all regular wire cutting
needs.

Uses
1) It can be used to grip various materials
2) It is used for holding,cutting electric wire and cables and also small nails

Nose pliers:
Needle-nose pliers are both cutting and holding pliers. Pliers with long slender for grasping small
or thin objects is known as needle-nose pliers.

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Uses
1) It is used for artisans, jewellery designers, electricians, network engineers and
2) It is used for tradesmen to bend, re-position and snip wire

Cutting pliers:
Introduction
Cutting pliers are intended for the cutting of wire, these are generally not used to grab or turn
anything. These may be used for bending or to apply physical compression before cutting.There
are different types of cutting pliers. Such as side cutting, wire cutting, diagonal cutting etc.

Uses
1) It is used for cutting wires.
2) It is used for nip or remove small amounts of a hard material,

Module 6: Centre punch

There is also another version of the nail punch called a centre punch but this is used to mark the
centre of something like a hole before drilling. Parts it consists of: the nail punch is basically a
small metal rod which is shaped at one end and is able to drive nails below a surface. Both ends
are blunt and at the back of the nail. It is a marking device for determine position before making
anything.

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Uses
1) It is used to make indentations.
2) It is used to drive pins, bolts and parts.
3) It is used to align parts

Module 7: Divider
Steel tape:
Flexible rule of thin steel that retracts into a protective case. It is used for measuring irregular and
regular shapes.Steel tape is a simple way to create a magnetic surface when a steel or other ferrous
metal is absent. It has a self adhesive backing and is most commonly used in conjunction with
magnetic tape. The tape is about 165 mm or 6.5 inches shorter than its markings indicate.

Uses
It used to span the distance between the two reference points
It is used to measure height and length of any material.

Meter tape:
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler and used to measure distance. It consists of a
ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is basically
used surveyors.

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Uses
It is used for large dimensions such as marking on boards and checking the overall dimensions of
the work.
It is used for measuring the land length, width.

Module 8:
Calipers
Inside calipers:
A caliper that has two legs with feet that turn outward. It is an instrument for measuring the
distance between two points. These are slightly ball shaped.

Uses
It is used to measure inside dimensions.
It is also measure the diameter of a hole.

Outside caliper:
It is an caliper for measuring outside dimensions; points on its legs curve inward. A caliper that
has two legs with feet that turn inward. It is an instrument for measuring the distance between two
points.

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Uses
It is used to measure outside dimensions.
It can measure round or cylindrical objects.

Module 9:
Saws:
Introduction
Saw is a cutting tool which has teeth on one edge and cutting is affected by reciprocating motion
of the edge relative to the work piece. Cutting occurs during the forward motion; such a saw is
called push type saw, the cutting occurs during the backward motion. There are different types of
saws. Such as; Coping Saw, Jigsaw/Reciprocating Saw, Circular Saw, Table Saw, Band Saw

Uses
It is used by woodworkers, engineers, and fabricators.
It is used for short straight cuts.
It is used for labeling cut,bamboo

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Hacksaw
Hacksaws were originally and principally made for cutting metal, but can also cut various other
materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe
and plastic conduit with them. It is sometimes called an adjustable hacksaw because the length of
the frame can be altered to hold blades of different sizes

Uses
1) It is used for Choose the correct blade for the material being cut.
2) It is used to secure the blade with the teeth pointing forward.
3) It is used to keep the blade rigid and the frame properly aligned.
Module 10:
Steel scale
The rigid six-inch rule is a common measuring tool found in the machine shop. The rule is a strip
of metal graduated in inches and fractions of an inch to give actual measurements.

Uses
1) When tolerances of fractional dimensions are required, the steel rule is used.
2) A rule is used to measure actual sizes.

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Tri-scale
A triangular scale is a ruler that has a 3-lobed cross-section with 6 different types of scales on the
edges (2 on each face) used for measuring and preparing scale drawings such as blueprints and
maps. It is also called an architect's scale. The triangular scale rule is an essential piece of
equipment for creating accurate and professional scale drawings.

Uses
1) It is used in geometry, engineering and building to measure distances
2) It is used in technical drawing.

Module 11:
Scriber
A scriber is a hand tool. The process of using a scriber is called scribing and is just part of the
process of marking out. The scribing block - gauge consisting of a scriber mounted on an adjustable
stand; used to test the accuracy of plane surfaces.

Uses
1) It is used in metalworking to mark lines on work-pieces.
2) It is used to mark or score on steel, glass, aluminum, copper or similar surfaces.

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Module 12:
Auger
An auger is drilling device or drill bit, that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade called a
“flighting” to act as a screw conveyor to remove the drilled out material. The rotation of the blade
causes the material to move out of the hole being drilled.

Uses
1) Auger is used in many bulk handling industries.
2) The earth auger is typically a device which is used to screw earth upwards and then to
manipulate the soil away from the ground.

Module 13;
Hand Round file
A normal hand file with its flat cutting edges is unsuitable for filing curved surfaces. Rounded on
one side, flat on the other. Ideal for rounding out holes; can be used on concave, convex, or flat
surfaces and leaves a smooth finish.

Uses
1) It is Used for filing curved surfaces.
2) It is Used for general filing of metals such as steel.

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