Introduction

Rice is an importan commodity in Indonesia. How important rice for Indonesia, can be reviewed
its role in various aspects, namely in the political, economic social, and cultural aspect. Production and
distribution of rice is one of the important sources of income for the country. Rice is consumed by over
40% of Indonesia's population because in Indonesia rice is the staple food. Consumption of rice from year
to year increased rapidly for example from tahun1968 the amount of consumption of 110kg increased in
1983 of 146kg. there are several things that trigger the increase in rice, namely the increase in per capita
consumption, population increase and economic improvement that encourage shifting diet from non-rice
to rice.

In 1992-1996 rice consumption was about 150kg per capita and there was little decrease due to
the monetary crisis that occurred in 1998. Currently the rate of rice increase is 50% of population growth
rate. In the process of rice milling to be rice yielded several results:

1) Rice husk (15-20%)

2) Bran / bran (8-12%) ie epidermis
3) Giving (± 5%) that is part of rice that destroyed.
Utilization of the results are still limited, there is even a waste and pollute the environment,
especially in the production center of the factory during the rainy season harvest season.
These results can be a useful and economic value if properly managed so as to increase the added value in
rural agroindustry system. Some of the results will be discussed in this article.
A. Rice husk as an alternative energy source
Waste is waste or production or waste of agricultural processing. The process of destruction
lasts so long that it can affect the environment and human health. On the rice mill will be many in
meet the pile of husks that the longer the higher. Currently the utilization of rice husk is very little
so it can affect the environment. Rice husk is a hard layer that includes a carioidis consisting of
two hemispheres called lemma and palea that are interlocked. In rice husk milling process will be
separated and become limba. Chaffs can be categorized as biomass that can be used for various
needs such as industrial raw materials, animal feed and energy or fuel sources. From the process
of grinding rice husk to get 20-30%. The use of chaff energy aims to minimize the cost of
disbursing fuel for household farmers. The increasing use of fuel costs has an effect on the low-
class economy. Viewed from the chemical composition data, the husk contains some important
chemical elements according to experts:
The chemical composition of rice husks according to Suharno (1979), includes:
1) Water content 9.02%
2) Crude protein 3.03%
3) Fat 1.18%
4) Rough fiber 35.68%
5) Ash 17.17%
6) Basic carbohydrate 33.71%
The chemical composition of rice husks according to DTC-ITB, include:
1) Carbon (charcoal) 1.33%
2) Hydrogen 1.54%
3) Oxygen 33.64%
4) Silica 16.98%
With the chaff composition as above, the husk can be worn for various purposes, namely:
1) As raw material for chemical industry
2) As raw material for the food industry
3) As a source of heat energy in everyday human needs
Chaff has a density of 1.125kg / m3, with a calorific value of 1kg. according to Houston (1972) husk has
a bulk density of 0.100g / ml, calorific value between 3300-3600k. calorie / kg husk with 0.271 BTU heat
conductivity.
To further facilitate the use of rice husk, then the husk needs to be compacted into a simpler
and more practical form. The shape of the husk is charcoal husk or charcoal husk briquettes. Chaff
charcoal can be used as an unfertilized fuel with high enough calories. Chaff charcoal briquettes have
more benefits than charcoal charcoal in addition to being environmentally friendly fuels and as a place for
the growth of horticultural crops, especially flower plants.

B. the benefits of husk ash

Chaff ash has a function to bind heavy metals. In addition, the husk also functions in fertilizing
the soil that can facilitate plant roots in absor there are two types of husks in use for ornamental plants
that are first charred 50% for planting media or mixed, both of which 100% charred is good for media or
mixture and also bauk for seedlings, more sterile and moisture matter when making do not need to pay
attention , but when applying it to the plant do not get so muddy.
bing nutrients in it. Rice husk can be mixed with compost in order to be a good fertilize.
Benefits in using chaff that is burned is sterile, shaft, many nutrients, light to mobilization but the price is
expensive, because the manufacturing process takes a long time and fuel a lot. And also as an organic
material and is a compost for the soil. Organic materials serve to improve soil properties and help bind
elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil so that the ground does not run anywhere,
because kalua these elements are not there then the plants will lack. The content of nutrients in the husk is
not as much as artificial fertilizer, so for the best use is by mixing the compost and artificial fertilizer with
the intensity in accordance with the needs of the soil. It turns out that the ash of this husk is very rich in
silica (SI) which in its oxide is known as silica dioxide. Remarkably silica that from rice husk ash is not
inferior to silica fume which is quite high price. But now the growth of rice crops in this day has been
changed with the growth of concrete and brick, so the effort in developing the business in silica ash husk
will increasingly become bleak.
 conclusion
It can be concluded that rice husk ash is very potential to be used in the geoktenik field
especially for soil improvement. With a little touch of science and technology in the process of
combustion and manufacture, the resulting silica content dapt reach above 90%. From note, 19995-2001,
rice husk production in Indonesia is bias mencapi 4 million tons per year. This can be of value to the pars
of rice farmers, if they know the benefits. And there are many more benefits of rice husk that can be used
with unlimited creativity, and sustained research.
 Daftar pustaka

References

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